scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Stress System Activation in Children Enrolled in a Targeted Prevention Program: Implications for Personalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Klimes-Dougan ◽  
David Klingbeil ◽  
Alaa Houri ◽  
Kathryn Cullen ◽  
Meredith Gunlicks-Stoessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
System Activation

Aerodynamic and Acoustic Voice Measures Before and After an Acute Public Speaking Stressor

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 3311-3325
Author(s):  
Brittany L. Perrine ◽  
Ronald C. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Speaking Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Purpose The goal of this study was to determine if differences in stress system activation lead to changes in speaking fundamental frequency, average oral airflow, and estimated subglottal pressure before and after an acute, psychosocial stressor. Method Eighteen vocally healthy adult females experienced the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The TSST includes public speaking and performing mental arithmetic in front of an audience. At seven time points, three before the stressor and four after the stressor, the participants produced /pa/ repetitions, read the Rainbow Passage, and provided a saliva sample. Measures included (a) salivary cortisol level, (b) oral airflow, (c) estimated subglottal pressure, and (d) speaking fundamental frequency from the second sentence of the Rainbow Passage. Results Ten of the 18 participants experienced a hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to stress as indicated by a 2.5-nmol/L increase in salivary cortisol from before the TSST to after the TSST. Those who experienced a response to stress had a significantly higher speaking fundamental frequency before and immediately after the stressor than later after the stressor. No other variable varied significantly due to the stressor. Conclusions This study suggests that the idiosyncratic and inconsistent voice changes reported in the literature may be explained by differences in stress system activation. In addition, laryngeal aerodynamic measures appear resilient to changes due to acute stress. Further work is needed to examine the influence of other stress systems and if these findings hold for dysphonic individuals.

The Violence Prevention Program in South Australia: A Recidivism and Cost–Benefit Analysis Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110383
Author(s):  
Gene Mercer ◽  
Emma Ziersch ◽  
Shawn Sowerbutts ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
Henry Pharo
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Correctional Systems ◽  
Violence Prevention Program

Rehabilitation of incarcerated men is a primary focus of correctional systems across the world. The present pilot study examined the effect of participation in the South Australian Violence Prevention Program (VPP) on recidivism trajectories. Individuals who participated in the VPP were significantly less likely to engage in violent recidivism, with the greatest effect observed between Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders relative to similarly matched comparators. In addition, the types of violent crimes committed were less severe for those who engaged in treatment relative to the comparison group. No differences were observed between groups in overall rates of reoffending, or the length of time following release before reoffending. The study also quantified the economic impacts of treatment and found it was associated with a positive cost–benefit ratio of Aus$1.13. The results provide evidence that the VPP does reduce the rate of violent recidivism, and that these results translate into economic benefits for society.

scholarly journals Correction to: Enhancing the Relevance and Effectiveness of a Youth Gambling Prevention Program for Urban, Minority Youth: A Pilot Study of Maryland Smart Choices

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1269
Author(s):  
Brittany R. Parham ◽  
Carl Robertson ◽  
Nancy Lever ◽  
Sharon Hoover ◽  
Tracy Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Youth Gambling ◽  
Urban Minority ◽  
Gambling Prevention

Causes, Consequences, and Fall Prevention Preferences for Adults in Mid-Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512505114p1-7512505114p1
Author(s):  
Meredith H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Fall Prevention Program ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented 04/20/21 Most research studying fall experiences and fall prevention program preferences focuses on older adults, overlooking the falls that occur in midlife. This pilot study gathered preliminary data on fall experiences, consequences, and fall prevention preferences of adults in midlife. Almost all participants experienced functional consequences from their fall and had interest in learning about fall prevention, suggesting that fall prevention programs could be beneficial for middle-aged adults. Primary Author and Speaker: Meredith H. Lee Additional Authors and Speakers: Rachel Reed Contributing Authors: Samantha Grant, Jodi Thomas, and Roy St. Laurent

Nutraceutical Treatments for Addiction Recovery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Becker
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Addiction Recovery ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Mineral Depletion ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Current medical treatment in substance-use disorders and addiction recovery often fails to address the underlying molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms of addiction morbidity. Psychopharmacology and behavioral interventions do not directly address the cellular patterns of dysfunction in addiction but natural treatments can and should be employed in a research-based manner to support existing treatment protocols. Research into addiction pathophysiology is clear: removing the offending agent through sobriety is often not enough to restore natural premorbid physiology. Drug-induced oxidative stress and inflammation may inhibit full recovery by damaging molecular health, homeostasis, and neurological function. Prolonged activation of stress systems likely affects judgment during the “white-knuckle” stage of recovery. The author discusses research characterizing the following 3 functional categories of addiction pathophysiology: inflammation and antioxidant system degradation, stress system activation, and vitamin and mineral depletion patterns. Each section is followed by discussion of research-based natural treatments employed to support addiction recovery at the cellular level.

scholarly journals Smoking relapse and weight gain prevention program for postmenopausal weight-concerned women: A pilot study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Copeland ◽  
Megan A. McVay ◽  
Pamela D. Martin ◽  
Carla J. Rash ◽  
Darla E. Kendzor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention ◽  
Smoking Relapse

Combining Models to Solve the Problem: Macroergonomics and Public Health

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Berg Rice ◽  
Mary Z. Mays
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Sprain And Strain ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Clinic Visits

Macroergonomic and Public Health approaches were combined with typical ergonomic injury prevention approaches. This combination permitted a thorough investigation of all systems and personnel that might impact on musculoskeletal injuries among U.S. Army students attending Advanced Individual Training as a Combat Medic. The results allowed for an evaluation of the process, the attitudes and beliefs of the cadre (supervisors), and permitted development of a more harmonized, holistic injury prevention program. The results demonstrated success in terms of positive attitudes toward the program, an overall 10.8% reduction in clinic visits for musculoskeletal complaints, a 37% decrease in limited duty days, and a 60% decrease in sprain and strain injuries. A targeted prevention program yielded 36% fewer clinic visits and a 50% reduction in limited duty days. The high level of success achieved by this program was in large part due to the combined processes employed to lay a sound foundation for assessment, design, and evaluation of occupationally based musculoskeletal injuries.

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