Proteome Profiling of the Exhaled Breath Condensate after Long-Term Spaceflights

Comprehensive studies of the effects of prolonged exposure to space conditions and the overload experienced during landing on physiological and biochemical changes in the human body are extremely important in the context of planning long-distance space flights, which can be associated with constant overloads and various risk factors for significant physiological changes. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be considered as a valuable subject for monitoring physiological changes and is more suitable for long-term storage than traditional monitoring subjects such as blood and urine. Herein, the EBC proteome changes due to the effects of spaceflight factors are analyzed. Thirteen EBC samples were collected from five Russian cosmonauts (i) one month before flight (background), (ii) immediately upon landing modules in the field (R0) after 169–199 days spaceflights, and (iii) on the seventh day after landing (R+7). Semi-quantitative label-free EBC proteomic analysis resulted in 164 proteins, the highest number of which was detected in EBC after landing (R0). Pathways enrichment analysis using the GO database reveals a large group of proteins which take part in keratinization processes (CASP14, DSG1, DSP, JUP, and so on). Nine proteins (including KRT2, KRT9, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14, DCD, KRT6C, KRT6A, and KRT5) were detected in all three groups. A two-sample Welch’s t-test identified a significant change in KRT2 and KRT9 levels after landing. Enrichment analysis using the KEGG database revealed the significant participation of detected proteins in pathogenic E. coli infection (ACTG1, TUBA1C, TUBA4A, TUBB, TUBB8, and YWHAZ), which may indicate microbiota changes associated with being in space. This assumption is confirmed by microbial composition analysis. In general, the results suggest that EBC can be used for noninvasive monitoring of health status and respiratory tract pathologies during spaceflights, and that the obtained data are important for the development of medicine for use in extreme situations. Data are available from ProteomeXchange using the identifier PXD014191.

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Long-term repeatability of exhaled breath condensate pH in asthma

Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rmed.2007.10.014 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 377-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Rosalba Accordino ◽

Annalisa Visentin ◽

Anna Bordin ◽

Silvia Ferrazzoni ◽

Emanuela Marian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Breath Condensate

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Exhaled Breath Condensate Analysis after Long Distance Races

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1316314 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 955-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

O. Araneda ◽

A. Guevara ◽

C. Contreras ◽

N. Lagos ◽

F. Berral

Keyword(s):

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Long Distance ◽

Breath Condensate

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Preliminary Analysis of the Proteome of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Aquatic Mammals ◽

10.1578/am.44.3.2018.256 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 256-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Don R. Bergfelt ◽

John Lippolis ◽

Michel Vandenplas ◽

Sydney Davis ◽

Blake A. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Analysis ◽

Tursiops Truncatus ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Bottlenose Dolphins ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Breath Condensate

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Methodological Issues and Possible Clinical Implications for Exhaled Breath Condensate pH in Asthma

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026616666150930120421 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 1550-1560 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andras Bikov ◽

Ildiko Horvath

Keyword(s):

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Breath Condensate

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Simultaneous and Sensitive Determination of Amphetamine, Codeine and Morphine in Exhaled Breath Condensate, Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with On-line and Off-line Enhancing Methods

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412915666190219143049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 872-879

Author(s):

Samin Hamidi

Keyword(s):

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Forensic Toxicology ◽

Analytical Signal ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Concentration Method ◽

Validation Parameters ◽

Breath Condensate

Background: Abuse of drugs is associated with several medical, forensic, toxicology and social challenges. “Drugs of abuse” testing is therefore an important issue. Objective: We propose a simple CE-based method for the quantification of amphetamine, codeine and morphine after direct injection of Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) by the aid of simple stacking mode and an off-line pre-concentration method. Methods: Using graphene oxide adsorbents, amphetamine, codeine and morphine were extracted from EBC in order to eliminate the proteins and other interferences. In addition to off-line method, an online stacking mode was applied to improve the analytical signal obtained from the instrument. Results: The validation parameters were experimented on the developed method based on the FDA guideline over concentration ranges of 12.5-100, 30-500 and 10-1250 ng/mL associated with amphetamine, codeine and morphine, respectively. Small volumes (around 100 μL) of EBC were collected using a lab-made setup and successfully analyzed using the proposed method where precisions and accuracies (within day and between days) were in accordance with the guideline (recommended less than 15 % for biological samples). The recovery tests were used to evaluate the matrix effect and data (94 to 105 %) showed that the proposed method can be applied in different EBC matrix samplings of subjects. Conclusion: The proposed method is superior for simultaneous determination of amphetamine, codeine and morphine over chromatographic analyses because it is fast and consumes fewer chemicals, with no derivatization step.

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Microextraction and Chromatographic Analysis of Budesonide Epimers in Exhaled Breath Condensate

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411015666191203104522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1032-1040

Author(s):

Laleh Samini ◽

Maryam Khoubnasabjafari ◽

Mohamad M. Alimorad ◽

Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki ◽

Hak-Kim Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Fluids ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Low Cost ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Drug Concentrations ◽

Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽

Breath Condensate

Background: Analysis of drug concentrations in biological fluids is required in clinical sciences for various purposes. Among other biological samples, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a potential sample for follow up of drug concentrations. Methods: A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure followed by a validated liquid chromatography method was employed for the determination of budesonide (BDS) in EBC samples collected using a homemade setup. EBC is a non-invasive biological sample with possible applications for monitoring drug concentrations. The proposed analytical method is validated according to the FDA guidelines using EBC-spiked samples. Its applicability is tested on EBC samples collected from healthy volunteers receiving a single puff of BDS. Results: The best DLLME conditions involved the use of methanol (1 mL) as a disperser solvent, chloroform (200 μL) as an extraction solvent, and centrifugation rate of 3500 rpm for 5 minutes. The method was validated over a concentration range of 21-210 μg·L-1 in EBC. Inter- and intra-day precisions were less than 10% where the acceptable levels are less than 20%. The validated method was successfully applied for the determination of BDS in EBC samples. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the developed method can be used for the extraction and quantification of BDS in EBC samples using a low cost method.

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Determination of Verapamil in Exhaled Breath Condensate by Using Microextraction and Liquid Chromatography

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412914666180717125434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 535-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fariba Pourkarim ◽

Ali Shayanfar ◽

Maryam Khoubnasabjafari ◽

Fariborz Akbarzadeh ◽

Sanaz Sajedi-Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Good Precision ◽

Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽

Breath Condensate ◽

Liquid Microextraction

Background:Developing a simple analysis method for quantification of drug concentration is one of the essential issues in pharmacokinetic and therapeutic drug monitoring studies.Objective:A fast and reliable dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was employed for preconcentration of verapamil in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples and this was followed by the determination with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection.Methods:A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) combined with a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) was applied for quantification of verapamil in the EBC samples. The developed method was validated according to FDA guidelines.Results:Under the optimum conditions, the method provided a linear range between 0.07 and 0.8 µg.mL-1 with a coefficient of determination of 0.998. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation and relative error values of the method were below 15%, which indicated good precision and accuracy. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of verapamil in two real samples with concentrations of 0.07 and 0.09 µg.mL-1.Conclusion:The established HPLC-UV-DLLME method could be applied for the analysis of verapamil in human EBC samples.

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