scholarly journals De-Esterified Homogalacturonan Enrichment of the Cell Wall Region Adjoining the Preprophase Cortical Cytoplasmic Zone in Some Protodermal Cell Types of Three Land Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Eleni Giannoutsou ◽  
Basil Galatis ◽  
Panagiotis Apostolakos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Extrinsic Cues ◽  
Asplenium Nidus ◽  
Cell Division Plane

The distribution of highly de-esterified homogalacturonans (HGs) in dividing protodermal cells of the monocotyledon Zea mays, the dicotyledon Vigna sinensis, and the fern Asplenium nidus was investigated in order to examine whether the cell wall region adjoining the preprophase band (PPB) is locally diversified. Application of immunofluorescence revealed that de-esterified HGs were accumulated selectively in the cell wall adjacent to the PPB in: (a) symmetrically dividing cells of stomatal rows of Z. mays, (b) the asymmetrically dividing protodermal cells of Z. mays, (c) the symmetrically dividing guard cell mother cells (GMCs) of Z. mays and V. sinensis, and (d) the symmetrically dividing protodermal cells of A. nidus. A common feature of the above cell types is that the cell division plane is defined by extrinsic cues. The presented data suggest that the PPB cortical zone-plasmalemma and the adjacent cell wall region function in a coordinated fashion in the determination/accomplishment of the cell division plane, behaving as a continuum. The de-esterified HGs, among other possible functions, might be involved in the perception and the transduction of the extrinsic cues determining cell division plane in the examined cells.

The preprophase band: possible involvement in the formation of the cell wall

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Packard ◽  
S.M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Narrow Region ◽  
The Matrix

Numerous vesicles were observed among the microtubules of the “preprophase” band in prophase cells from root tips of Allium cepa. The content of these vesicles looks similar to the matrix of adjacent cell walls, and these vesicles often appear to be involved in exocytosis. In addition, the cell walls perpendicular to the plane of (beneath) the preprophase band are often differentially thickened compared to the walls lying parallel to the plane of the band. Our interpretation of these observations is that the preprophase band may direct or channel vesicles containing precursors of the cell wall to localized regions of wall synthesis. The incorporation of constituents of the cell wall into a narrow region defined by the position of the preprophase band may be a mechanism that ensures unidirecitonal growth of meristematic cells.

scholarly journals Asymmetric cell division: Plane but not simple

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. R233-R236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. Adler ◽  
Job Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Cell Division Plane

The role of the cytoskeleton and associated proteins in determination of the plant cell division plane

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn G. Rasmussen ◽  
Amanda J. Wright ◽  
Sabine Müller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Plant Cell Division ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Cell Division Plane

scholarly journals RanGAP1 is a continuous marker of the Arabidopsis cell division plane

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (47) ◽  
pp. 18637-18642 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. M. Xu ◽  
Q. Zhao ◽  
T. Rodrigo-Peiris ◽  
J. Brkljacic ◽  
C. S. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Cell Division Plane

scholarly journals Topochemical investigations of cell walls in developing xylem of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Prislan ◽  
Gerald Koch ◽  
Katarina Čufar ◽  
Jožica Gričar ◽  
Uwe Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Woody Tissue

Abstract Formation and lignification of xylem cells in mature beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees growing in a forest site in Slovenia (46° N, 14°40′ E, 400 m a.s.l.) were studied on the cellular and subcellular level. Samples containing the cambial zone and developing xylem were taken from six beech trees every week throughout the 2006 vegetation period. Cell wall thickening and lignification in individual cell wall layers and cell types were determined by light microscopy, cellular UV-microspectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Cell division started between the 18th and the 24th of April 2006. Lignification began in the newly formed xylem tissue on the 2nd of May. After 1 month, the developing earlywood portion contained fully differentiated vessels with completed wall deposition and lignification, and differentiated fibres and axial parenchyma became visible after 2 months. At the end of cambial cell division on the 9th August, the differentiation of the most recently formed fibres in the terminal zone of the growth ring continued for approximately 4 weeks. This indicates that the process of lignification in earlywood is slower than in latewood. The high temporal resolution of the investigated processes and the combination of the above-mentioned microscopic techniques provides a detailed insight into the process of cell wall thickening and lignification of woody tissue in beech.

Ultrastructural changes of the plasmalemma and the cell wall during the life cycle of Cyanidium caldarium

1968 ◽  
Vol 171 (1023) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Cyanidium Caldarium ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Dominant Feature

During the life cycle of the unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium the surfaces of the plasmalemma and the adjacent cell wall develop a number of differentiated structures which can be demonstrated with the freeze-etching technique. While cell division takes place, the plasma membrane is undifferentiated and covered with randomly distributed 55 and 80 Å particles as well as small holes from torn out particles that can be found adhering to the adjacent cell wall. The 80 Å particles possess a substructure and sometimes 40 Å fibrils can be seen leading from these particles into the cell wall. Just after cell division, shallow depressions showing a hexagonal surface pattern with a spacing of 105 Å and arrays of approximately hexagonally packed 55 Å particles are formed on the plasmalemma. The corresponding structures found on the cell wall are particle-studded humps, which fit into the shallow depressions, and faintly striated regions, which match the 55 Å particle arrays. During the next stage of development, the hexagonally patterned shallow depressions on the plasma membrane are transformed into regularly striated 300 to 350 Å wide and approximately 250 Å deep folds, while the arrays of 55 Å particles increase in size. On the adjacent cell wall we can follow the development of the particle-studded humps into ridges covered with 70 Å particles. The plasmalemma of old mature cells is characterized by long striated folds that replace nearly all network structured depressions, and a few small arrays of 55 Å particles. Long ridges covered with particles are the corresponding dominant feature on the inside of the cell wall. Prior to cell division, the striated folds and the other differentiations of the plasmalemma are broken down and eventually disappear so that the cell has again an undifferentiated ‘embryonic’ plasma membrane for cell division. Simultaneously the differentiated structures on the cell wall disappear. All the described particles and units forming plasma membrane differentiations seem to be confined to the surface layer of the plasmalemma. The outlined development cycle of the plasmalemma of Cyanidium shows that biological membranes have the potential to differentiate in time and space.

scholarly journals Author response: Delivery of endocytosed proteins to the cell–division plane requires change of pathway from recycling to secretion

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Richter ◽  
Marika Kientz ◽  
Sabine Brumm ◽  
Mads Eggert Nielsen ◽  
Misoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Cell Division Plane
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