scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Protects Photosystem II by Alleviating Photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana under High Light

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Er Chen ◽  
Hao-Tian Mao ◽  
Nan Wu ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Ahsin Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
D1 Protein ◽  
High Light ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Protective Mechanisms

Salicylic acid (SA) is considered to play an important role in plant responses to environmental stresses. However, the detailed protective mechanisms in photosynthesis are still unclear. We therefore explored the protective roles of SA in photosystem II (PSII) in Arabidopsis thaliana under high light. The results demonstrated that 3 h of high light exposure resulted in a decline in photochemical efficiency and the dissipation of excess excitation energy. However, SA application significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity and the dissipation of excitation energy under high light. Western blot analysis revealed that SA application alleviated the decrease in the levels of D1 and D2 protein and increased the amount of Lhcb5 and PsbS protein under high light. Results from photoinhibition highlighted that SA application could accelerate the repair of D1 protein. Furthermore, the phosphorylated levels of D1 and D2 proteins were significantly increased under high light in the presence of SA. In addition, we found that SA application significantly alleviated the disassembly of PSII-LHCII super complexes and LHCII under high light for 3 h. Overall, our findings demonstrated that SA may efficiently alleviate photoinhibition and improve photoprotection by dissipating excess excitation energy, enhancing the phosphorylation of PSII reaction center proteins, and preventing the disassembly of PSII super complexes.

Carotenoids and Photosystem II Characteristics of Upper and Lower Halves of Leaves Acclimated to High Light

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Iii Adams ◽  
B Demmig-Adams ◽  
DH Barker ◽  
S Kiley
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
High Light ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Light Gradient

Acclimation of the leaves or stems of four succulent species to different light environments and to the light gradient across high light-acclimated tissues was examined through measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and characterisation of the pigment composition of the thylakoid membranes. Whereas the total amounts of light striking the upper (sun-exposed) and lower (self-shaded) surfaces were quite different, resulting in a much smaller pool of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the lower halves of high light-acclimated tissues, the conversion state of the xanthophyll cycle (the degree to which violaxanthin is converted to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin) was similar throughout the tissues during exposure to natural sunlight. Under full sunlight, less than 25% of the light absorbed by the upper surface was utilised through photosynthesis, with the majority of the remaining excitation energy being dissipated thermally. In contrast, a considerably greater fraction of the light absorbed by the lower surface was utilised in photosynthesis, ranging from one-third to more than two-thirds of the total energy absorbed.

scholarly journals Progesterone increases photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in wheat under heat stress by facilitating D1 protein phosphorylation

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Xue ◽  
S. Q. Wang ◽  
H. L. Xu ◽  
P. J. Zhang ◽  
H. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
D1 Protein

The role of ΔpH-dependent dissipation of excitation energy in protecting photosystem II against light-induced damage in Arabidopsis thaliana

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Graßes ◽  
Paolo Pesaresi ◽  
Fabio Schiavon ◽  
Claudio Varotto ◽  
Francesco Salamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Excitation Energy

scholarly journals High-light vs. low-light: Effect of light acclimation on photosystem II composition and organization in Arabidopsis thaliana

2013 ◽  
Vol 1827 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Kouřil ◽  
Emilie Wientjes ◽  
Jelle B. Bultema ◽  
Roberta Croce ◽  
Egbert J. Boekema
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Acclimation ◽  
Light Effect ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Effect Of Light

Photoinactivation and recovery of photosystem II in Chenopodium album leaves grown at different levels of irradiance and nitrogen availability

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu C. Kato ◽  
Kouki Hikosaka ◽  
Tadaki Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
D1 Protein ◽  
High Light ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Involvement of photosynthetic capacity and D1 protein turnover in the susceptibility of photosystem II (PSII) to photoinhibition was investigated in leaves of Chenopodium album L. grown at different combinations of irradiance and nitrogen availability: low light and high nitrogen (LL-HN); high light and low nitrogen (HL-LN); and high light and high nitrogen (HL-HN). To test the importance of photosynthetic capacity in the susceptibility to photoinhibition, we adjusted growth conditions so that HL-HN plants had the highest photosynthetic capacity, while that of LL-HN and HL-LN plants was lower but similar to each other. Photoinhibition refers here to net inactivation of PSII determined by the balance between gross inactivation (photoinactivation) and concurrent recovery of PSII via D1 protein turnover. Leaves were illuminated both in the presence and absence of lincomycin, an inhibitor of chloroplast-encoded protein synthesis. Susceptibility to photoinhibition was much higher in plants grown in low light (LL-HN) than those grown in high light (HL-HN and HL-LN). Susceptibility to photoinhibition was similar in HL-LN and HL-HN plants, suggesting that higher photosynthetic energy consumption alone did not mitigate photoinhibition. Experiments with and without lincomycin showed that high-light-grown plants had a lower rate of photoinactivation and a higher rate of concurrent recovery, and that these rates were not influenced by nitrogen availability. These results indicate that turnover of D1 protein plays a crucial role in photoprotection in high-light-grown plants, irrespective of nitrogen availability. For low-nitrogen-grown plants, higher light energy dissipation by other mechanisms may have compensated for lower energy utilization by photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of Deg5 fromArabidopsis thaliana

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitian Fan ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Zhe Sun ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Weimin Gong
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
D1 Protein ◽  
High Light ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Luminal Side

Arabidopsis thalianaDeg5 is an ATP-independent serine protease which resides on the luminal side of the thylakoid in chloroplasts. Deg5 and another Deg/HtrA-family protease, Deg8, have a synergistic function in the turnover of the D1 protein of photosystem II (PSII), which is prone to damage arising from high light exposure. An inactive mutant of the protein, Deg5S266A, was overexpressed inEscherichia coli. After purification and crystallization, crystals that diffracted to 2.6 Å resolution were obtained. The crystals belonged to the monoclinic space groupC2, with unit-cell parametersa= 109.1,b= 126.0,c= 83.3 Å, β = 102.9°, and contained three molecules in the asymmetric unit. The calculated Matthews coefficient and solvent content were 3.0 Å3 Da−1and 59.0%, respectively.

scholarly journals An alternative methionine aminopeptidase, MAP-A, is required for nitrogen starvation and high-light acclimation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 1427-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Drath ◽  
Kerstin Baier ◽  
Karl Forchhammer
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
High Light ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Methionine Aminopeptidases ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pcc 6803

Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs or MAPs, encoded by map genes) are ubiquitous and pivotal enzymes for protein maturation in all living organisms. Whereas most bacteria harbour only one map gene, many cyanobacterial genomes contain two map paralogues, the genome of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 even three. The physiological function of multiple map paralogues remains elusive so far. This communication reports for the first time differential MetAP function in a cyanobacterium. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the universally conserved mapC gene (sll0555) is predominantly expressed in exponentially growing cells and appears to be a housekeeping gene. By contrast, expression of mapA (slr0918) and mapB (slr0786) genes increases during stress conditions. The mapB paralogue is only transiently expressed, whereas the widely distributed mapA gene appears to be the major MetAP during stress conditions. A mapA-deficient Synechocystis mutant shows a subtle impairment of photosystem II properties even under non-stressed conditions. In particular, the binding site for the quinone QB is affected, indicating specific N-terminal methionine processing requirements of photosystem II components. MAP-A-specific processing becomes essential under certain stress conditions, since the mapA-deficient mutant is severely impaired in surviving conditions of prolonged nitrogen starvation and high light exposure.

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