scholarly journals Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3867
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Chawla ◽  
Vanessa Shehu ◽  
Pradeep K. Gupta ◽  
Kavindra Nath ◽  
Harish Poptani
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Perfusion Mr Imaging

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults, with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive multi-modal therapy. Immunotherapy is currently being evaluated as an alternate treatment modality for recurrent GBMs in clinical trials. These immunotherapeutic approaches harness the patient’s immune response to fight and eliminate tumor cells. Standard MR imaging is not adequate for response assessment to immunotherapy in GBM patients even after using refined response assessment criteria secondary to amplified immune response. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of effective and alternative neuroimaging techniques for accurate response assessment. To this end, some groups have reported the potential of diffusion and perfusion MR imaging and amino acid-based positron emission tomography techniques in evaluating treatment response to different immunotherapeutic regimens in GBMs. The main goal of these techniques is to provide definitive metrics of treatment response at earlier time points for making informed decisions on future therapeutic interventions. This review provides an overview of available immunotherapeutic approaches used to treat GBMs. It discusses the limitations of conventional imaging and potential utilities of physiologic imaging techniques in the response assessment to immunotherapies. It also describes challenges associated with these imaging methods and potential solutions to avoid them.

Imaging Criteria in Neuro-oncology

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 024-031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Nowosielski ◽  
Patrick Wen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Macdonald Criteria ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Oncology Clinical Trials ◽  
Group A

The identification of more effective therapies for brain tumors has been limited in part by the lack of reliable criteria for determining response and progression. Since its introduction in 1990, the MacDonald criteria have been used in neuro-oncology clinical trials to determine response, but they fail to address issues such as pseudoprogression, pseudoresponse, and nonenhancing tumor progression that have arisen with more recent therapies. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) working group, a multidisciplinary international group consisting of neuro-oncologists, medical oncologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and neuropsychologists, was formed to improve response assessment and clinical trial endpoints in neuro-oncology. Although it was initially focused on response assessment for gliomas, the scope of the RANO group has been broadened to include brain metastases, leptomeningeal metastases, spine tumors, pediatric brain tumors, and meningiomas. In addition, subgroups have focused on response assessment during immunotherapy and use of positron emission tomography, as well as determination of neurologic function, clinical outcomes assessment, and seizures. The RANO criteria are currently a collective work in progress, and refinements will be needed in the future based on data from clinical trials and improved imaging techniques.

scholarly journals Unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abass Alavi ◽  
Thomas J. Werner ◽  
Ewa Ł. Stępień ◽  
Pawel Moskal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Pet Instrumentation ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is the most quantitative modality for assessing disease activity at the molecular and cellular levels, and therefore, it allows monitoring its course and determining the efficacy of various therapeutic interventions. In this scientific communication, we describe the unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine. We emphasize the critical importance of the development and synthesis of novel radiotracers (starting from the enormous impact of F-Fluorodeouxyglucose (FDG) introduced by investigators at the University of Pennsylvania (PENN)) and PET instrumentation. These innovations have led to the total-body PET systems enabling dynamic and parametric molecular imaging of all organs in the body simultaneously. We also present our perspectives for future development of molecular imaging by multiphoton PET systems that will enable users to extract substantial information (owing to the evolving role of positronium imaging) about the related molecular and biological bases of various disorders, which are unachievable by the current PET imaging techniques.

Current Techniques Used for the Radiologic Assessment of Intracranial Neoplasms

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-260
Author(s):  
J. Matthew Debnam ◽  
Leena Ketonen ◽  
Leena M. Hamberg ◽  
George J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Intracranial Neoplasms ◽  
Radiologic Assessment ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Functional Mr Imaging ◽  
Perfusion Mr

Abstract Context.—Radiologic studies are obtained for diagnostic and treatment planning purposes in the evaluation of patients with intracranial neoplasms. These studies are discussed at radiology/pathology working conferences and are often beneficial in the analysis of pathologic specimens for tissue diagnosis. Therefore, clinical pathologists should be aware of the current and evolving imaging techniques that are used in the radiologic assessment of intracranial neoplasms. Objective.—To describe the imaging techniques used in the assessment of intracranial neoplasms and provide current references. Data Sources.—We searched PubMed for articles published between 1995 and 2006 and also reviewed several textbooks on intracranial neoplasms, to prepare a discussion of basic modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as well as advanced imaging techniques such as CT and MR angiography and venography, CT and MR perfusion, MR spectroscopy, functional MR imaging, and positron emission tomography. Conclusions.—Knowledge of currently used imaging techniques for the assessment of intracranial neoplasms will assist the clinical pathologist in communications with neuroradiologists, surgeons, and referring clinicians. This review will also aid the pathologist in understanding the new and rapidly evolving imaging techniques that will likely become the standard of care in the future.

Multiple Myeloma Treatment Response Assessment with Whole-Body Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging

Radiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieh Lin ◽  
Alain Luciani ◽  
Karim Belhadj ◽  
Jean-François Deux ◽  
Frédérique Kuhnowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Treatment Response Assessment ◽  
Body Dynamic

scholarly journals Bone scan use in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Survey of practice patterns among Canadian radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and urologists

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Meem ◽  
Katherine Zukotynski ◽  
Srinivas Raman ◽  
Urban Emmenegger
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bone Scan ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Psma Pet ◽  
Bone Scans

The use of skeletal scintigraphy with technetium-99 methylene diphosphonate (hereafter referred to as a bone scan) for evaluating response to systemic treatment in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an evolving paradigm in this era of advancing therapies and imaging techniques. Indeed, the interpretation of bone scans can be challenging, and there is a growing expectation that advanced imaging techniques such as prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PSMA PET/CT) may play a complementary role.1 The Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG) has outlined specific criteria to define disease progression with respect to bone scans performed as part of clinical trials.2 However, there is no high-level evidence for the scheduling and interpretation of bone scans during routine therapeutic interventions for mCRPC. Thus, patterns of bone scan use are variable and practice-dependent outside of clinical trials.

Management of incidental cavernous malformations: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Dalyai ◽  
George Ghobrial ◽  
Issam Awad ◽  
Stavropoula Tjoumakaris ◽  
L. Fernando Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

Cavernous malformations (CMs) are angiographically occult vascular malformations that are frequently found incidentally on MR imaging. Despite this benign presentation, these lesions could cause symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. Cavernomas can be managed conservatively with neuroimaging studies, surgically with lesion removal, or with radiosurgery. Considering recent studies examining the CM's natural history, imaging techniques, and possible therapeutic interventions, the authors provide a concise review of the literature and discuss the optimal management of incidental CMs.

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