Synergistic Effect of Methyl Jasmonate and Abscisic Acid Co-Treatment on Avenanthramide Production in Germinating Oats

The oat (Avena sativa L.) is a grain of the Poaceae grass family and contains many powerful anti-oxidants, including avenanthramides as phenolic alkaloids with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-itch, anti-irritant, and anti-atherogenic activities. Here, the treatment of germinating oats with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or abscisic acid (ABA) resulted in 2.5-fold (582.9 mg/kg FW) and 2.8-fold (642.9 mg/kg FW) increase in avenanthramide content, respectively, relative to untreated controls (232.6 mg/kg FW). Moreover, MeJA and ABA co-treatment synergistically increased avenanthramide production in germinating oats to 1505 mg/kg FW. Individual or combined MeJA and ABA treatment increased the expression of genes encoding key catalytic enzymes in the avenanthramide-biosynthesis pathway, including hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydrocyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HHT). Further analyses showed that six AsHHT genes were effectively upregulated by MeJA or ABA treatment, especially AsHHT4 for MeJA and AsHHT5 for ABA, thereby enhancing the production of all three avenanthramides in germinating oats. Specifically, AsHHT5 exhibited the highest expression following MeJA and ABA co-treatment, indicating that AsHHT5 played a more crucial role in avenanthramide biosynthesis in response to MeJA and ABA co-treatment of germinating oats. These findings suggest that elicitor-mediated metabolite farming using MeJA and ABA could be a valuable method for avenanthramide production in germinating oats.

Download Full-text

The methyl jasmonate-responsive transcription factor SmMYB1 promotes phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-020-00443-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Zhou ◽

Min Shi ◽

Changping Deng ◽

Sunjie Lu ◽

Fenfen Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Phenolic Acid ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Encoding

AbstractWater-soluble phenolic acids are major bioactive compounds in the medicinal plant species Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phenolic acid biosynthesis is induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in this important Chinese herb. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying this induction by analyzing a transcriptome library of S. miltiorrhiza in response to MeJA. Global transcriptome analysis identified the MeJA-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor-encoding gene SmMYB1. Overexpressing SmMYB1 significantly promoted phenolic acid accumulation and upregulated the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway, including cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase (CYP98A14). Dual-luciferase (dual-LUC) assays and/or an electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) indicated that SmMYB1 activated the expression of CYP98A14, as well as the expression of genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway enzymes, including chalcone isomerase (CHI) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). In addition, SmMYB1 was shown to interact with SmMYC2 to additively promote CYP98A14 expression compared to the action of SmMYB1 alone. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SmMYB1 is an activator that improves the accumulation of phenolic acids and anthocyanins in S. miltiorrhiza. These findings lay the foundation for in-depth studies of the molecular mechanism underlying MeJA-mediated phenolic acid biosynthesis and for the metabolic engineering of bioactive ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza.

Download Full-text

Relative expression of genes of menthol biosynthesis pathway in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) after chitosan, gibberellic acid and methyl jasmonate treatments

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1134/s1021443717010150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Soleymani ◽

H. Taheri ◽

A. R. Shafeinia

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Relative Expression ◽

Expression Of Genes

Download Full-text

Optimization of RNA isolation from stone fruits at different ripening stages

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/15/1-2/820 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

P. Pfeiffer ◽

J. Halász ◽

Z. György ◽

A. Pedryc ◽

A. Hegedűs

Keyword(s):

Rna Isolation ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Stone Fruits ◽

Isolation Method ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Ripening Stages ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Potential Applicability ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

This study was conducted to select the most appropriate RNA isolation method that can be used successfully in case of stone fruits. The changing pattern of gene expression during the ripening process of stone fruits may elucidate the molecular background of several phenotypical or phytochemical alterations present among different genotypes. Our laboratory aims to study the expression of genes encoding for enzymes that catalyze crucial steps in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. RNA isolation from fruit mesocarp is a challanging task due to high levels of sugars and polyphenolics accumulating during fruit development. Therefore, at first, the optimal techniques eligible for RNA isolation from fruit tissues at different ripening stages must be selected. Our study compares three different RNA isolation protocols and describes their potential applicability according to different fruit species and ripening stages.

Download Full-text

Pathogen exploitation of an abscisic acid- and jasmonate-inducible MAPK phosphatase and its interception by Arabidopsis immunity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1702613114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 (28) ◽

pp. 7456-7461 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Akira Mine ◽

Matthias L. Berens ◽

Tatsuya Nobori ◽

Shajahan Anver ◽

Kaori Fukumoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Map Kinases ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Signaling Activation ◽

Ja Signaling

Phytopathogens promote virulence by, for example, exploiting signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonate (JA). Some plants can counteract pathogen virulence by invoking a potent form of immunity called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Here, we report that ABA and JA mediate inactivation of the immune-associated MAP kinases (MAPKs), MPK3 and MPK6, in Arabidopsis thaliana. ABA induced expression of genes encoding the protein phosphatases 2C (PP2Cs), HAI1, HAI2, and HAI3 through ABF/AREB transcription factors. These three HAI PP2Cs interacted with MPK3 and MPK6 and were required for ABA-mediated MPK3/MPK6 inactivation and immune suppression. The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 activates ABA signaling and produces a JA-mimicking phytotoxin, coronatine (COR), that promotes virulence. We found that Pto DC3000 induces HAI1 through COR-mediated activation of MYC2, a master transcription factor in JA signaling. HAI1 dephosphorylated MPK3 and MPK6 in vitro and was necessary for COR-mediated suppression of MPK3/MPK6 activation and immunity. Intriguingly, upon ETI activation, A. thaliana plants overcame the HAI1-dependent virulence of COR by blocking JA signaling. Finally, we showed conservation of induction of HAI PP2Cs by ABA and JA in other Brassicaceae species. Taken together, these results suggest that ABA and JA signaling pathways, which are hijacked by the bacterial pathogen, converge on the HAI PP2Cs that suppress activation of the immune-associated MAPKs. Also, our data unveil interception of JA-signaling activation as a host counterstrategy against the bacterial suppression of MAPKs during ETI.

Download Full-text