scholarly journals Skin Barrier Dysregulation in Psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10841
Author(s):  
Andreas Orsmond ◽  
Lara Bereza-Malcolm ◽  
Tom Lynch ◽  
Lyn March ◽  
Meilang Xue
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Future Treatments ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation ◽  
Psoriatic Lesions

The skin barrier is broadly composed of two elements—a physical barrier mostly localised in the epidermis, and an immune barrier localised in both the dermis and epidermis. These two systems interact cooperatively to maintain skin homeostasis and overall human health. However, if dysregulated, several skin diseases may arise. Psoriasis is one of the most prevalent skin diseases associated with disrupted barrier function. It is characterised by the formation of psoriatic lesions, the aberrant differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes, and excessive inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in disease pathogenesis, including the contribution of keratinocytes, immune cells, genetic and environmental factors, and how they advance current and future treatments.

scholarly journals The Implications of Pruritogens in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7227
Author(s):  
Lai-San Wong ◽  
Yu-Ta Yen ◽  
Chih-Hung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prototypic inflammatory disease that presents with intense itching. The pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial, involving environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, skin barrier function, and immune responses. A recent understanding of pruritus transmission provides more information about the role of pruritogens in the pathogenesis of AD. There is evidence that pruritogens are not only responsible for eliciting pruritus, but also interact with immune cells and act as inflammatory mediators, which exacerbate the severity of AD. In this review, we discuss the interaction between pruritogens and inflammatory molecules and summarize the targeted therapies for AD.

scholarly journals Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in “Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences”

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 420-431
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Murashkin ◽  
Roman V. Epishev ◽  
Alexander I. Materikin ◽  
Eduard T. Ambarchian ◽  
Leonid A. Opryatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Federation Skin lesions with development of erosive-ulcerative defects and impaired skin barrier function are common for large number of diseases. Successful epithelization of skin defects depends on the wound process, body’s compensatory functions, environmental factors and correctly selected treatment. Comprehensive treatment should include systemic and local therapy as well as current dressings. The article shows current dressings possibilities the treatment of various skin diseases, outlines all pros and cons of the major current dressings.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells in inflammatory skin diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 418-431
Author(s):  
Xinhui Ni ◽  
Yuping Lai
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Major Cell Type ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Different Cell Types

Cutaneous homeostasis is maintained by dynamic cellular communications between different cell types in the skin through interactions with various mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs). Keratinocytes, as the major cell type of the epidermis, not only form a passive physical barrier, but also actively participate in the pathogenesis of many, if not all, inflammatory skin diseases. Keratinocytes highly interact with immune cells to shape, amplify or regulate inflammatory responses, thus triggering and/or sustaining these inflammatory skin diseases. In this review, crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells is summarized, and its contributions to two major inflammatory skin disorders including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are highlighted.

scholarly journals Local genetic and environmental factors in asthma disease pathogenesis: chronicity and persistence mechanisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Holgate ◽  
D. E. Davies ◽  
R. M. Powell ◽  
P. H. Howarth ◽  
H. M. Haitchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals Skin barrier: structure and immune changes in common skin diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Marius-Anton Anton Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Common Skin

Skin barrier must be seen as a complex structure with complex functions involving hydrolipidic film, stratum corneum, the intercellular cement and also immunologic barrier as innate adaptive immune system (as Toll Like Receptors - TLR), complement, dendritic cells and antigen-related responses. Skin barrier changes are seen in different skin diseases as atopic dermatitis, rosacea , contact dermatitis and others. In the first part of this article we describe skin physical barrier and its key elements roles (ceramides, filaggrin, tight junctions and claudins), the clinical consequences of barrier damages in different common skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, xeroses of different origins). Immune skin barrier is complex and in this first part of the article we focus only on innate immune system skin represented by Toll Like Receptors and their role in the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMP). In the second part we present ex vivo and in vivo studies on skin physical barrier repair and improvement of AMP expression in human skin by modulating TLR2. The management of human skin barrier damages and their repair by active topicals must by a holistic approach, taking in account the complexity of physical and of immune barriers of the skin.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

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