scholarly journals Crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells in inflammatory skin diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 418-431
Author(s):  
Xinhui Ni ◽  
Yuping Lai
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Major Cell Type ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Different Cell Types

Cutaneous homeostasis is maintained by dynamic cellular communications between different cell types in the skin through interactions with various mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs). Keratinocytes, as the major cell type of the epidermis, not only form a passive physical barrier, but also actively participate in the pathogenesis of many, if not all, inflammatory skin diseases. Keratinocytes highly interact with immune cells to shape, amplify or regulate inflammatory responses, thus triggering and/or sustaining these inflammatory skin diseases. In this review, crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells is summarized, and its contributions to two major inflammatory skin disorders including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are highlighted.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Balić ◽  
Domagoj Vlašić ◽  
Kristina Žužul ◽  
Branka Marinović ◽  
Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are nowadays desirable components of oils with special dietary and functional properties. Their therapeutic and health-promoting effects have already been established in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through various mechanisms, including modifications in cell membrane lipid composition, gene expression, cellular metabolism, and signal transduction. The application of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in most common skin diseases has been examined in numerous studies, but their results and conclusions were mostly opposing and inconclusive. It seems that combined ω-6, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and ω-3 long-chain PUFAs supplementation exhibits the highest potential in diminishing inflammatory processes, which could be beneficial for the management of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. Due to significant population and individually-based genetic variations that impact PUFAs metabolism and associated metabolites, gene expression, and subsequent inflammatory responses, at this point, we could not recommend strict dietary and supplementation strategies for disease prevention and treatment that will be appropriate for all. Well-balanced nutrition and additional anti-inflammatory PUFA-based supplementation should be encouraged in a targeted manner for individuals in need to provide better management of skin diseases but, most importantly, to maintain and improve overall skin health.

scholarly journals IL-1 Family Antagonists in Mouse and Human Skin Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praxedis Martin ◽  
Jérémie D. Goldstein ◽  
Loïc Mermoud ◽  
Alejandro Diaz-Barreiro ◽  
Gaby Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Skin Biology

Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines initiate inflammatory responses, and shape innate and adaptive immunity. They play important roles in host defense, but excessive immune activation can also lead to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Dysregulated IL-1 family signaling is observed in a variety of skin disorders. In particular, IL-1 family cytokines have been linked to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. The biological activity of pro-inflammatory IL-1 family agonists is controlled by the natural receptor antagonists IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra, as well as by the regulatory cytokines IL-37 and IL-38. These four anti-inflammatory IL-1 family members are constitutively and highly expressed at steady state in the epidermis, where keratinocytes are a major producing cell type. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning their regulatory roles in skin biology and inflammation and their therapeutic potential in human inflammatory skin diseases. We further highlight some common misunderstandings and less well-known observations, which persist in the field despite recent extensive interest for these cytokines.

Cytokine release from innate immune cells: association with diverse membrane trafficking pathways

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Lacy ◽  
Jennifer L. Stow
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Different Cell Types

AbstractCytokines released from innate immune cells play key roles in the regulation of the immune response. These intercellular messengers are the source of soluble regulatory signals that initiate and constrain inflammatory responses to pathogens and injury. Although numerous studies describe detailed signaling pathways induced by cytokines and their specific receptors, there is little information on the mechanisms that control the release of cytokines from different cell types. Indeed, the pathways, molecules, and mechanisms of cytokine release remain a “black box” in immunology. Here, we review research findings and new approaches that have begun to generate information on cytokine trafficking and release by innate immune cells in response to inflammatory or infectious stimuli. Surprisingly complex machinery, multiple organelles, and specialized membrane domains exist in these cells to ensure the selective, temporal, and often polarized release of cytokines in innate immunity.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Differentiating Properties of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands NPD-0614-13 and NPD-0614-24: Potential Therapeutic Benefits in Psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7501
Author(s):  
Giorgia Cardinali ◽  
Enrica Flori ◽  
Arianna Mastrofrancesco ◽  
Sarah Mosca ◽  
Monica Ottaviani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Factor Α

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor expressed in all skin cell types, plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes. Several studies have shown that this receptor is involved in the prevention of inflammatory skin diseases, e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, representing a potential therapeutic target. We tested the safety profile and the biological activity of NPD-0614-13 and NPD-0614-24, two new synthetic AhR ligands structurally related to the natural agonist FICZ, known to be effective in psoriasis. NPD-0614-13 and NPD-0614-24 did not alter per se the physiological functions of the different skin cell populations involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. In human primary keratinocytes stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α or lipopolysaccharide the compounds were able to counteract the altered proliferation and to dampen inflammatory signaling by reducing the activation of p38MAPK, c-Jun, NF-kBp65, and the release of cytokines. Furthermore, the molecules were tested for their beneficial effects in human epidermal and full-thickness reconstituted skin models of psoriasis. NPD-0614-13 and NPD-0614-24 recovered the psoriasis skin phenotype exerting pro-differentiating activity and reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. These data provide a rationale for considering NPD-0614-13 and NPD-0614-24 in the management of psoriasis.

scholarly journals Acoel single-cell transcriptomics: cell type analysis of a deep branching bilaterian

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Duruz ◽  
Cyrielle Kaltenrieder ◽  
Peter Ladurner ◽  
Rémy Bruggmann ◽  
Pedro Martìnez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Major Cell Type ◽  
Different Cell Types

Abstract Bilaterian animals display a wide variety of cell types, organized into defined anatomical structures and organ systems, which are mostly absent in pre-bilaterian animals. Xenacoelomorpha are an early-branching bilaterian phylum displaying an apparently relatively simple anatomical organization that have greatly diverged from other bilaterian clades. In this study, we use whole-body single-cell transcriptomics on the acoel Isodiametra pulchra to identify and characterize different cell types. Our analysis identifies the existence of ten major cell type categories in acoels all contributing to main biological functions of the organism: metabolism, locomotion and movements, behavior, defense and development. Interestingly, while most cell clusters express core fate markers shared with other animal clades, we also describe a surprisingly large number of clade-specific marker genes, suggesting the emergence of clade-specific common molecular machineries functioning in distinct cell types. Together, these results provide novel insight into the evolution of bilaterian cell types and open the door to a better understanding of the origins of the bilaterian body plan and their constitutive cell types.

scholarly journals Acoel single-cell transcriptomics: cell-type analysis of a deep branching bilaterian

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Duruz ◽  
Cyrielle Kaltenrieder ◽  
Peter Ladurner ◽  
Rémy Bruggmann ◽  
Pedro Martìnez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Major Cell Type ◽  
Different Cell Types

AbstractBilaterian animals display a wide variety of cell types, organized into defined anatomical structures and organ systems, which are mostly absent in pre-bilaterian animals. Xenacoelomorpha are an early-branching bilaterian phylum displaying an apparently relatively simple anatomical organization that have greatly diverged from other bilaterian clades. In this study, we use whole-body single-cell transcriptomics on the acoel Isodiametra pulchra to identify and characterize different cell types. Our analysis identifies the existence of ten major cell-type categories in acoels all contributing to main biological functions of the organism: metabolism, locomotion and movements, behavior, defense and development. Interestingly, while most cell clusters express core fate markers shared with other animal clades, we also describe a surprisingly large number of clade-specific marker genes, suggesting the emergence of clade-specific common molecular machineries functioning in distinct cell types. Together, these results provide novel insight into the evolution of bilaterian cell-types and open the door to a better understanding of the origins of the bilaterian body plan and their constitutive cell types.

scholarly journals Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Therapeutics for Wound Healing in Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3130
Author(s):  
Enzo Manchon ◽  
Nell Hirt ◽  
Jean-David Bouaziz ◽  
Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat ◽  
Reem Al-Daccak
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Parental Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Endosome-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs), often referred to as exosomes, are produced by almost all, if not all, cell types, and are critical for intercellular communication. They are composed of a lipid bilayer associated with membrane proteins and contain a payload of lipids, proteins and regulatory RNAs that depends on the parental cell physiological condition. By transferring their “cargo”, exosomes can modulate the phenotype of neighboring and distant cells. Stem cells (SC) were widely studied for therapeutic applications regarding their regenerative/reparative potential as well as their immunomodulatory properties. Whether from autologous or allogeneic source, SC beneficial effects in terms of repair and regeneration are largely attributed to their paracrine signaling notably through secreted EVs. Subsequently, SC-derived EVs have been investigated for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory skin disorders, and are today fast-track cell-free tools for regenerative/reparative strategies. Yet, their clinical application is still facing considerable challenges, including production and isolation procedures, and optimal cell source. Within the emerging concept of “allogeneic-driven benefit” for SC-based therapies, the use of EVs from allogeneic sources becomes the pragmatic choice although a universal allogeneic cell source is still needed. As a unique temporary organ that ensures the mutual coexistence of two allogeneic organisms, mother and fetus, the human placenta offers a persuasive allogeneic stem cell source for development of therapeutic EVs. Advancing cell-free therapeutics nurtures great hope and provides new perspectives for the development of safe and effective treatment in regenerative/reparative medicine and beyond. We will outline the current state of the art in regard of EVs, summarize their therapeutic potential in the context of skin inflammatory disorders, and discuss their translational advantages and hurdles.

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