scholarly journals Implantation of Various Cell-Free Matrixes Does Not Contribute to the Restoration of Hyaline Cartilage within Full-Thickness Focal Defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Shabnam I. Ibragimova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Medvedeva ◽  
Irina A. Romanova ◽  
Leonid P. Istranov ◽  
Elena V. Istranova ◽  
...  

Articular cartilage is a highly organized tissue that has a limited ability to heal. Tissue engineering is actively exploited for joint tissue reconstruction in numerous cases of articular cartilage degeneration associated with trauma, arthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. However, the optimal scaffolds for cartilage repair are not yet identified. Here we have directly compared five various scaffolds, namely collagen-I membrane, collagen-II membrane, decellularized cartilage, a cellulose-based implant, and commercially available Chondro-Gide® (Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) collagen membrane. The scaffolds were implanted in osteochondral full-thickness defects, formed on adult Wistar rats using a hand-held cutter with a diameter of 2.0 mm and a depth of up to the subchondral bone. The congruence of the articular surface was almost fully restored by decellularized cartilage and collagen type II-based scaffold. The most vivid restoration was observed 4 months after the implantation. The formation of hyaline cartilage was not detected in any of the groups. Despite cellular infiltration into scaffolds being observed in each group except cellulose, neither chondrocytes nor chondro-progenitors were detected. We concluded that for restoration of hyaline cartilage, scaffolds have to be combined either with cellular therapy or morphogens promoting chondrogenic differentiation.

Author(s):  
Е.В. Афанасьевская ◽  
Е.В. Медведева ◽  
Б.М. Газимиева ◽  
А.Д. Куренкова ◽  
О.В. Кытько ◽  
...  

Введение. Для заполнения костно-хрящевых дефектов широкое применение получили коллагенсодержащие импланты. Наибольшей популярностью пользуется коллагеновая мембрана Chondro-Gide® (Швейцария) Предполагается, что после пересадки она запускает естественный механизм хондрогенеза. Однако некоторые клинические исследования показывают, что отдаленные результаты не всегда положительны. В ПМГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова изготовлена коллагеновая мембрана Хондротек (рабочее название), которая в эксперименте показала хорошие результаты при выполнении реконструкции дефектов гиалинового хряща. Цель исследования - сопоставление хондропластических свойств двух коллагеновых мембран по восстановлению полнослойного дефекта суставного хряща у крыс в эксперименте и оценка возможности импортозамещения. Методика. Выполнено 3 серии экспериментов на коленных суставах 18 крыс линии Вистар: контрольная группа - без восстановления дефекта и две опытные группы с имплантацией одной из мембран в область дефекта. Полнослойный дефект хряща воспроизводили в межмыщелковой ямке коленного сустава фрезой диаметром 2,5 мм до появления кровяной росы на дне дефекта. Импланты из мембран соответствующего размера помещали в дефект и прикрывали надколенником. Дополнительной фиксации не требовалось. Срок наблюдения 2 и 4 мес. Процессы репаративной регенерации оценивали визуально с применением шкалы ICRS и с помощью гистологических методов исследования. Результаты. Применение коллагеновых мембран ускоряло восстановление тканей в области дефекта. Хондропластические свойства импортной и отечественной мембран были аналогичными. Признаков восстановления гиалинового хряща не было обнаружено ни в контрольной, ни в одной из опытных групп. Утраченные ткани замещались фиброзным хрящом. Заключение. Обе исследованные коллагеновые мембраны (отечественная Хондротек и импортная Chondro-Gide®) могут быть использованы для восстановления целостности поврежденного хряща и восстановления конгруэнтности суставных поверхностей. Процесс восстановления происходил за счет формирования фиброзного хряща, регенерация гиалинового хряща не наблюдалась ни в одной из групп. Хондропластические свойства импортной и отечественной мембран оказались аналогичными, что доказывает возможность рекомендовать применение последней в клинической практике. Полученные данные позволяют рекомендовать мембраны Хондротек для импортозамещения. Background. Collagen-based membranes and scaffolds are widely used for implantation into various bone and cartilage defects. The Chondro-Gide® (Switzerland) collagen membrane is among membranes widely used for defects of articular cartilage in orthopedic practice of the Russian Federation. This membrane is considered to trigger a natural chondrogenesis mechanism. However, some clinical studies have shown that remote results are not always beneficial. A collagen-based membrane (working name, Chondroteck), which showed properties compatible to those of Chondro-Gide® in in vitro experiments, was recently developed at the Sechenov University (1st MSMU). Aim. To compare chondrogenic properties of these two membranes in vivo and to explore a possibility of using the Chondroteck membrane for restoration of full-thickness defects in articular cartilages. Methods. The full-thickness defects were created in the intercondylar fossa of 18 adult Wistar rats by drilling a 2.5 mm diameter hole into the subchondral bone (until small blood drops appeared on the bottom of the defect). Then rats were divided into three groups, control (no membrane added) and two experimental groups, one group with Chondro-Gide® and another group with the Chondroteck membrane implanted into the defect. Membranes were cut to the appropriate size, placed into the defect and covered with the patella. No additional fixation of membranes was required. Cartilage repair was assessed using the ICRS scoring system on histological sections stained with hematoxylin/eosin or toluidine blue. Results. Both collagen membranes improved the curvature of the articular surface and macroscopic appearance of the cartilage and protected the tissues surrounding the defect area as compared to the control. However, no formation or restoration of hyaline cartilage was detected in any group. Instead, fibrous tissue was formed at the defect area, and this fibrous tissue was similar in both groups with membranes. Conclusions. Both Chondro-Gide® and Chondroteck membranes can be utilized for restoration of cartilage surface. Formation of hyaline cartilage does not occur with either membrane. Thus, chondroplastic properties of both membranes are comparable, which allows to recommend the locally made Chondroteck membrane for further testing.


1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Bellenger ◽  
P. Ghosh ◽  
Y. Numata ◽  
C. Little ◽  
D. S. Simpson

SummaryTotal medial meniscectomy and caudal pole hemimeniscectomy were performed on the stifle joints of twelve sheep. The two forms of meniscectomy produced a comparable degree of postoperative lameness that resolved within two weeks of the operations. After six months the sheep were euthanatised and the stifle joints examined. Fibrous tissue that replaced the excised meniscus in the total meniscectomy group did not cover as much of the medial tibial condyle as the residual cranial pole and caudal fibrous tissue observed following hemimeniscectomy. The articular cartilage from different regions within the joints was examined for gross and histological evidence of degeneration. Analyses of the articular cartilage for water content, glycosaminoglycan composition and DNA content were performed. The proteoglycan synthesis and release from explanted articular cartilage samples in tissue culture were also measured. There were significant pathological changes in the medial compartment of all meniscectomised joints. The degree of articular cartilage degeneration that was observed following total meniscectomy and caudal pole meniscectomy was similar. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy, involving transection of the meniscus, causes the same degree of degeneration of the stifle joint that occurs following total meniscectomy.The effect of total medial meniscectomy versus caudal pole hemimeniscectomy on the stifle joint of sheep was studied experimentally. Six months after the operations gross pathology, histopathology, cartilage biochemical analysis and the rate of proteoglycan synthesis in tissue culture were used to compare the articular cartilage harvested from the meniscectomised joints. Degeneration of the articular cartilage from the medial compartment of the joints was present in both of the groups. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy induces a comparable degree of articular cartilage degeneration to total medial meniscectomy in the sheep stifle joint.


2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Tom Appleton ◽  
Shirine Usmani ◽  
John Mort ◽  
Frank Beier

Background: Articular cartilage degeneration is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). We previously identified increased expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF?) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in articular cartilage from a rat modelof OA (1,2). We subsequently reported that TGF? signalling modified chondrocyte cytoskeletal organization, increased catabolic and decreased anabolic gene expression and suppressed Sox9. Due to other roles in chondrocytes, we hypothesized that the effects ofTGF? on chondrocytes are mediated by Rho/ROCK and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Methods: Primary cultures of chondrocytes and articularosteochondral explants were treated with pharmacological inhibitors of MEK1/2(U0126), ROCK (Y27632), Rho (C3), p38 MAPK (SB202190) and PI3K (LY294002) to elucidate pathway involvement. Results: Using G-LISA we determined that stimulation of primary chondrocytes with TGF? activates RhoA. Reciprocally, inhibition of RhoA/ROCK but not other signalling pathways prevents modification of the actin cytoskeleton in responseto TGF?. Inhibition of MEK/ERKsignaling rescued suppression of anabolic gene expression by TGF? including SOX9 mRNA and protein levels. Inhibition of MEK/ERK, Rho/ROCK, p38 MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways differentially controlled the induction of MMP13 and TNF? gene expression. TGF? also induced expression of CCL2 specifically through MEK/ERK activation. In turn, CCL2 treatment induced the expression of MMP3 and TNF?. Finally, we assessed cartilage degradation by immunohistochemical detection of type II collagen cleavage fragments generated by MMPs. Blockade of RhoA/ROCK and MEK/ERK signalling pathways reduced the generation of type IIcollagen cleavage fragments in response to TGF? stimulation. Conclusions: Rho/ROCK signalling mediates TGF?-induced changes inchondrocyte morphology, while MEK/ERK signalling mediates the suppression ofSox9 and its target genes, and CCL2 expression. CCL2, in turn, induces the expression of MMP3 and TNF?, two potent catabolic factors known to be involved in OA. These pathways may represent strategic targets for interventional approaches to treating cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. References: 1. Appleton CTG et al. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:1854-68. 2. Appleton CTG et al. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56:3693-705.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lin ◽  
Huijun Kang ◽  
Yike Dai ◽  
Yingzhen Niu ◽  
Guangmin Yang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Patellar instability (PI) often increases the possibility of lateral patellar dislocation and early osteoarthritis. The molecular mechanism of early articular cartilage degeneration during patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) still requires further investigation. However, it is known that the NF-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in articular cartilage degeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the NF-κB signaling pathway and patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration. Methods We established a rat model of PI-induced PFOA. Female 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 120) were randomly divided into two groups: the PI (n = 60) and control group (n = 60). The distal femurs of the PI and control group were isolated and compared 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. The morphological structure of the trochlear cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histology. The expression of NF-κB, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, collagen X, and TNF-ɑ were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results In the PI group, subchondral bone loss and cartilage degeneration were found 4 weeks after surgery. Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB and TNF-ɑ were significantly increased 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery in the PI group. In addition, the markers of cartilage degeneration MMP-13 and collagen X were more highly expressed in the PI group compared with the control group at different time points after surgery. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that early patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration can be caused by PI in growing rats, accompanied by significant subchondral bone loss and cartilage degeneration. In addition, the degeneration of articular cartilage may be associated with the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and can deteriorate with time as a result of PI.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-906
Author(s):  
XiaoChen Ju ◽  
Hao Chai ◽  
Sasirekha Krishnan ◽  
Abinaya Jaisankar ◽  
Murugan Ramalingam ◽  
...  

Acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a key structure that stabilizes knee joints. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of ligament remnants preserved on the tendon-bone healing following ACL reconstruction and to examine postoperative articular cartilage degeneration in rabbit as a model animal. Sixty New Zealand rabbits are randomly divided into an ACL reconstruction without remnant preservation group (Group A; n = 30) or ACL reconstruction with remnant preservation group (Group B; n = 30). The expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and micro vessel density (MVD) in the transplanted tendon was detected by immunohistochemical staining at week 6 and 12 after the operation. The signal intensity of the transplanted tendon was observed by MRI scanning, and the width of the bone tunnel was measured by CT scanning at week 6 and 12 after the operation. The graft biomechanics was tested 12 weeks after the operation. The JNK and MMP-13 expression levels were compared to analyze the cartilage degeneration of the knee at week 12 after the operation. The experimental results were analyzed and showed that the remnant-preserving ACL reconstruction is beneficial for bone healing of the tendon in rabbits, but ACL reconstruction with or without ligament remnants preserved will not affect knee articular cartilage degeneration post-surgery.


2001 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. S14-S25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Jackson ◽  
Timothy M. Simon ◽  
Harold M. Aberman

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-H. Lu ◽  
Y. P. Zheng ◽  
Q.-H. Huang ◽  
C. Ling ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
...  

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