Survey of Slaughtered Pigs for Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Porcine Nephropathy in Serbia

In order to find information on the occurrence of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy in Serbia, during a six month period (2006/2007) samples of kidney from individual healthy slaughtered pigs were collected (n=90) and analyzed by HPLC for ochratoxin A. In addition, histological examinations were carried out. The incidence of OTA in kidney was 33,3% and varied between 0.17-52.5 ng/g. Histopathological examination of kidneys confirmed tubulopathies with oedema and cell vacuolization. In addition, hemorrhages and necrosis of proximal kidney tubules cells were found. These findings indicate that it is likely that most of the kidney injury is related to ochratoxin A and other nephrotoxic compounds which enhance the toxicity of OTA.

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Occurrence of ochratoxin A and heavy metals in tissues associated with porcine nephropathy in Serbia

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2008.1074 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 347-356

Author(s):

D. Milićević ◽

V. Jurić ◽

S. Stefanović ◽

M. Jovanović ◽

Z. Petrović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Kidney Tubules ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

Slaughtered Pigs

In order to find information on the occurrence of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy in Serbia, during a six month period (2006/2007) samples of blood, kidney and liver from individual animals were collected from healthy slaughtered pigs (n=90) and analysed by HPLC for ochratoxin A (OTA). In addition, the presence of nephrotoxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic were measured and the kidneys pathohistologically examined. Of the 90 liver samples, 26.6% contained OTA in the range of 0.22-14.5 ng/g. The incidence of OTA in serum and kidney were very similar (30 and 31.1%), but varied between 0.24-220.8 ng/ml and 0.17-52.5 ng/g, respectively. The presence of mercury was confirmed in 33.3% of kidney samples and concentrations ranged between 0.005-0.055 mg/kg, while cadmium was found less frequently (27.7% positive samples) but at higher levels (0.05-1.23 mg/kg). The presence of arsenic was found in only one sample, while lead was not detected in any sample. Histopathological examination of kidneys confirmed tubulopathies with oedema and cell vacuolisation. In addition, haemorrhages and necrosis of proximal kidney tubules' cells were found. These findings indicate that it is likely that most of the kidney injury is related to OTA and other nephrotoxic compounds which enhance the toxicity of OTA.

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Residue of ochratoxin A in swine tissues: Risk assessment

Archive of oncology ◽

10.2298/aoo0904056m ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (3-4) ◽

pp. 56-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dragan Milicevic ◽

Verica Juric ◽

Dubravka Vukovic ◽

Miodrag Mandic ◽

Tatjana Baltic

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

High Performance ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Pork Products ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Slaughtered Pigs

Background: Samples of blood, kidney, and liver per animal were randomly selected from slaughtered pigs (n=60) and analyzed for ochratoxin A. Methods: Determination of ochratoxin A concentration in samples of kidney and liver was performed by high-performance thinlayer chromatography after immunoaffnity column clean up, while for plasma samples, a spectrofluorometric procedure was used. Results: Of the 60 plasma samples, 60% contained ochratoxin A in the range of 2.5-33.3 ng/mL (mean 3.05?5.0 ng/mL), while the incidence of ochratoxin A in kidneys and liver were very similar (70% and 65%). The average ochratoxin A concentration in liver was 3.2?4.35 ng/g (1.2-19.5 ng/g) and in kidneys was 3.97?4.47 ng/g (1.3-22.0 ng/g). A statistically significant difference (p<0.01) was found between region Backa Topola and Kovilj for both liver and kidney samples. In kidney samples originating from region Kovilj and Senta, a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) was found. Mean distribution followed the pattern: kidney>liver>serum (100>80.8>77%). The results from this survey indicated that there was a strong correlation between the ochratoxin A level in serum and liver as well as in the ochratoxin A serum in kidney (r=0.884 and r=0.896, respectively) while the strongest correlation was found between the ochratoxin A level in liver and in kidney (r=0.970). Conclusion: The results of present study show that pork tissues as well as pork products are considered an important source of ochratoxin A in humans.

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Presence of ochratoxin A and toxic elements residue in tissues and their impact on safety of pork

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl0806359m ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (5-6) ◽

pp. 359-371

Author(s):

Dragan Milicevic ◽

Milijan Jovanovic ◽

Verica Juric ◽

Aleksandra Dakovic ◽

Srdjan Stefanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Meat Inspection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Low Correlation ◽

The Mean ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

And Task ◽

Slaughtered Pigs

The aim and task of this study was to determine the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in blood serum, liver and kidneys of fattening swine, slaughtered regularly, originating from different areas of Serbia. During meat inspection on the slaughterhouse line samples of blood, kidney and liver per animal were randomly sampled (n=90) and analyzed by HPLC for ochratoxin A. Also, the presence of nephrotoxic (cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic) elements in kidneys was carried out. Of the 90 liver samples, 26.6% contained OTA in the range of 0.22-14.5 ng/g, while the incidence of OTA in serum and kidney samples were very similar (31 and 33.3%, respectively). The analyses showed that serum samples were positive in the range of 0.22-221 ng/mL, while ochratoxin A concentrations in the kidney were between 0.17 and 52.5 ng/g. The mean distribution of OTA residue followed the pattern: serum>kidneys>liver (100>34>17), while in respect to occurrence it followed the pattern: kidneys>serum>liver (100>93.4>79.9). The results of this study showed that 2.2% of kidney sample had a content of ochratoxin A above the maximum permitted limit in Serbia of 10 ng/g. The results from this survey indicated that there was a low correlation between the OTA level in serum and liver as well as in the OTA level in kidney and liver (r=0.319 and 0.341, respectively) while the strongest correlation was found between the OTA level in serum and in kidney (r=0.973). The presence of mercury was found in 33.3% of kidney samples in the range of 0.005-0.055 mg/kg, while the presence of cadmium was found to a lesser degree (27.7%). The Hg concentrations in the kidney samples were lower than 0.10 mg/kg and did not exceed the guideline level established in Serbia, while concentration of cadmium in only one kidney sample was greater than 1.0 mg/kg, and exceeded the limit proposed by the Serbian Rule Book. The presence of arsenic was found only in one sample, while the presence of lead was not established. This study shows the presence of OTA in Serbian slaughtered pigs at levels comparable to those reported in other countries.

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