scholarly journals The Compared Efficiency of the Traditional Method, Radiography without Contrast and Radiography with Contrast in the Determination of Infestation by Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) in Maize Seeds

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Eva Rezende Leite ◽  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
Fabiano França-Silva ◽  
Dayliane Bernardes de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Maize Seeds

Technologies that increase safety and efficiency, while facilitating and streamlining the work of seed analysts, are increasingly required by the seed industry. X-ray image analysis is a technique that has been used in the analysis of grain and seeds because it is fast, accurate and non-destructive. The traditional method to verify the presence of insect damage in seeds involves manual cutting of the seeds, which endangers the safety of the analyst and is time-consuming and repetitive work that leads to visual fatigue. The objective of this study was to compared the efficiency of radiographic analysis with and without contrast in the determination of infestation by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), at different stages of development, in maize seeds, compared to the traditional method required by seed legislation, which consists of cutting and visual evaluation. Seeds were evaluated regarding the presence of eggs/oviposition signs, larvae, pupae, adult insects, insect damage in five infestation periods (5, 18, 33 and 35 days after infestation), while evaluating the total number of seeds infested, comparing the three methods. For characterization of the oviposition stage, the use of contrast was best at all times of infestation. For the larval stage, there was no difference between the evaluation methods; however, at 18 days, larger infestations were observed by the traditional method. At 5 days, the identification of pupae was better by the traditional method and radiography without contrast, while for the identification of adult insects the best method was the use of radiography without contrast. The characterization of the level of infestation with maize weevil damage was best verified using contrast radiography. Radiographic analysis is efficient in the detection of damage caused by S. zeamais in maize seeds. This method of radiographic analysis (with or without contrast) is thus an auxiliary tool to assess the damage and presence of S. zeamais in maize seeds.

scholarly journals CNSL Concentration and Natural Dyes Effects in Formulation of Botanical Pesticide on Sitophilus zeamais and Maize Seed Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dian Astriani ◽  
Wafit Dinarto ◽  
Aji Jatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Push Down

Maize is an important commodity in Indonesia and is vulnerable to maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) during storage which can cause a 100% yield loss. Chasew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a botanical pesticide able to control S. zeamais. Increasing CNSL efficiency and effectiveness requires additional adjuvants, such as solvents and dyes. Natural dyes addition is intended to provide seed markers. This study aimed to determine the best CNSL and natural dye formulation to control maize weevil and maintain maize seeds quality during storage. The research was conducted from August to October 2018 at the Agronomy Laboratory, Faculty of Agroindustry, Yogyakarta Mercu Buana University. The research was a single factor consisted of seven treatments with four replications arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments were combinations of CNSL concentrations with the addition of natural dyes from suji leaf and teak leaves with one untreated control. The results of the research showed that CNSL as a seed treatment botanical pesticide could cause mortality and suppress S. zeamais populations and maintain the quality of maize seeds during storage for 12 weeks. Treatments with 20% CNSL formulation concentration and the addition of natural dyes both leaf pleomele or teak leaves could cause higher mortality and push down more populations and also could better maintain seed quality than 10 and 0% CNSL formulation concentrations.

scholarly journals Radiographic analysis to test maize seeds for the presence of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano França-Silva ◽  
Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
Dayliane Bernardes de Andrade ◽  
Vander Fillipe de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Maize Seeds

scholarly journals Efficacy of Eucalyptus Leaf (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Moringa Seed (Moringa oleifera) and Pirimiphos-methyl Powders against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) in Stored Maize

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
C. P. O. Emeka ◽  
F. K. Ewete ◽  
S. T. Ebeniro
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Leaf Powder

Annually, Nigeria loses 20–40% of maize grain due to insect pests attack. However, insect pest control in stored products relied heavily on the use of gaseous fumigants and residual contact insecticides. The control method is limited as it is toxic to beneficials and humans. Efforts have now shifted to the use of edible plant materials as protectants of which the tropics are well endowed with. Therefore, a study was conducted in laboratory in order to evaluate the effectiveness of powders of eucalyptus leaf (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Schlecht,) moringa seed (Moringa oleifera Lam.) and Pirimiphos-methyl against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) on stored maize (Zea mays L.). camaldulensis leaf powder showed 100% repellence effect at a concentration of 2.0 g / 20 g maize seeds while M. oleifera seed powder had 75% repellence effect against S. zeamais. Contact toxicity of E. camaldulensis leaf powder on S. zeamais was 65% at 1.0 g/20 g maize seeds after 96 hours of exposure. Contact toxicity of M. oleifera seed powder on S. zeamais was 60% at 96 hours of exposure at a concentration of 1.0 g/20 g maize seeds. The powders of E. camaldulensis leaf and M. oleifera seed showed promising effects against S. zeamais in stored maize, hence could be incorporated in an integrated approach as alternative to synthetic pesticides when used in reducing weevil infestation in stored maize seeds.

scholarly journals Loss Assessment of Stored Maize at Different Storage Durations and Maize Weevil Densities

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Mamudou Jallow ◽  
Olufemi O. R. Pitan
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Major Pest

Aims: The extent of stored grain losses depends on varieties and duration of storage, and  most of the quantitative losses are attributed to insect pest infestations. The study was  conducted to determine the damage caused by Sitophilus zeamais on maize stored at different durations. Methodology: Sitophilus zeamais at four varying population densities (5, 10, 15, 20 adults) and four storage durations (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) reared on 200 g sample of Jeka maize variety was kept in glass jars covered with muslin cloth in a 4 x 4 factorial fitted in a completely ramdomised design with four replicates at room temperature for 120 days. Results: Weight loss, seed damage and weight of dust caused by S. zeamais on maize seeds at 5-insect and 20-insect levels were statistically similar at 30 and 120 days but show  significant difference at 60 days after storage. Sitophilus zeamais population continued  to grow exponentially on maize grains after 120 days of storage, indicating that  factors are not limiting, thereby causing significant losses to stored grains. Temperature and relative humidity were found to affect insect population growth positively (r = 0.73 and r = 0.70, respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that S. zeamais, which is a major pest in The Gambia, in the absence of control measures at any number of infestations greater than 5 weevils could result to severe damage to stored seeds.

scholarly journals Bio-Rational Management of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus Zeamais in Maize (Zea Mays) Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p59
Author(s):  
M. M. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Masum Ahmad ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder ◽  
Md. Israfil Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Cereal Grain

Bangladesh is a sub-tropical and humid country. That is why, the infestation of insects during storage is very common here. The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), locally known as “Katta Poka”, is one of the most serious cosmopolitan pest of stored cereal grain, especially of maize (Zea mays L.), in tropical and subtropical regions including Bangladesh. Considering the issue, the study was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications to evaluate the efficacy of four locally available botanicals and chemicals. The botanicals used were: Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf, Datura (Datura stramonium) leaf, Nishinda (Vitex negundo L) leaf and Garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders at three different doses (3, 4 and 5gm)/100g of grain seed against maize weevil. The results revealed that all test materials at 5g doses exhibited higher mortality action against maize weevil while at 3g doses it gave the lowest percentage efficacy. Powdered leaves of neem and datura at 4 and 5gm were showed statistical significant (P<0.01) differences while powdered leaves of nishinda at the similar rates were observed with moderately effectiveness and powdered tablet of garlic gave the lowest mortality rate within 28 days of exposure in all tested doses. These findings suggest that botanical treatments exerted better mortality of maize weevil and reduced maize seed weight loss with higher germination capacity compared to the untreated control. It was also observed that the highest mortality percentage, lowest seed weight loss and highest germination capacity in the seeds which were treated with Sevin 85SP at the rate of 0.25g/100g maize seeds. Maize grains treated with botanicals, indicated that insect reproduction and development were impaired in all botanical pesticides. It is suggested that datura leaf, neem leaf powder can be used as good alternatives to chemical insecticides against S. zeamays due to their higher mortality, lower seed weight losses and higher germination capacity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document