The Isolation, Selection and Determination of Endophytic Bacteria from Bamboo, Gamal, Tulsi, and Alamanda

Endophytic bacteria have many benefits, including increasing plant growth by producing phytohormones, increasing the production of mineral absorption, nitrogen fixation, reducing damage due to weather changes and increasing plant resistance to disease. Based on the above, it is necessary to select endophytic bacteria from various plants to be used as biocontrol agents. This study aims to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates that have the potential as biocontrol agents and plant growth supporters from bamboo shoots, Gamal, Tulsi, Lotus, and Alamanda. This research method includes sampling, endophytic bacteria isolation, hypersensitive, hemolysis, phosphate solvent, chitinolytic, proteolytic, and antagonist tests. Isolation of endophytic bacteria in 5 plants using 22 plant parts had a diversity of isolates. The isolated plant parts produced 1 to 7 isolates that had different morphology. The total isolates obtained were 59 isolates. In antagonistic observations, there was one isolate of endophytic bacteria that showed a clear zone when tested together with S. rolfsii, namely the isolate with code A24 from allamanda flower. From the data obtained, it is known that the endophytic bacterial isolates had an effect on inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic fungus S. roflsii, the endophytic bacterial isolates Consortium, A21 and the endophytic bacterial isolates A22 had no incidence of disease, while the bacterial isolates T00 (Bx) with an average disease incidence of 40% and 30% disease intensity. Meanwhile isolates A23, A24 and A25 had an average disease incidence ranging from 13.3%-26.6%, while controls had the highest disease incidence, namely 53.3% and disease intensity 66.6%.

Marketing Channel and Marketing Margin of Coconut Palm Sugar Srikandi in the Srikandi Women’s Cooperative Purworejo, Central Java

Coconut palm sugar Srikandi is different from other sugar. Coconut palm sugar Srikandi is derived from the raw material of nira obtained from coconut trees that grow on organic certification land. This organic certificate was issued by the Dutch Control Union, namely the EU Organic Farming certificate and USDA Organic certificate from America. In addition, there was already a halal label from LPPOM Central Java Province and PIRT Purworejo Regency Health Office. Coconut palm sugar Srikandi could reach the market in accordance with organic certificates that were Europe, America, Australia and Sri Lanka. This study aims to identify the marketing channels, marketing margins, farmer's share and the analysis of profit-to-cost ratios. The type of research used by the survey method. The research location was chosen by probability sampling method, that was in Loano District and Kaligesing District, Purworejo Regency as an object and coconut palm sugar tapper who is a member of Srikandi Women's Cooperative as the subject. The most efficient marketing channel research resulted with a marketing margin value of Rp. 15.000 / kg, farmer's share value of 53.13% and the value of profit and cost ratio of 9.78 are found on the channel III.

The Combination of Indigofera Leaf and Corn as Fermented Feed on the Growth of Arabic Chicken (Gallus turcicus)

This study aims to find out the effect of combination of fermented Indegofera leaf and corn on the growth of Arabic chicken. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of P.1: Commercial Feed; P.2: 80% Indegofera sp leaves + 20% Corn; P.3: 70% Indegofera leaves + 30% Corn; P.4: 60% Indegofera leaves + 40% Corn. Measurement of Arab chickens weight was carried out once a week for one month. The weight data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that the combination of fermented feed consisting Indegofera sp leaves and corn had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the growth of Arab chickens. The conclusion shows that fermented feed of Indegofera leaves sp and corn as chicken diet could improve the growth of Arabian chickens.

Identification Soybean Processed Waste Environmental Impact and Management Alternatives (Case Study City of Jakarta Selatan)

Processed soybeans such as tempeh and tofu are some of the foods that the people of Indonesia favour. The Tempe and Tofu processing factory produce tofu with the essential soybean ingredients as much as 17 kg every day. The tofu production process starts from soybean immersion, grinding, boiling, filtering, compaction, moulding, cutting, to frying tofu. Production activities from the tofu industry will certainly produce solid and wastewater. These wastes can have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the waste must be managed and treated correctly to create an environmentally friendly industry and improve environmental quality. Tofu industry waste management and treatment can be done by identifying the generation of waste that is a priority to be treated and choosing waste treatment technology. There are three alternatives for wastewater treatment from the tofu industry: the chlorine in wastewater, ponds by forming biofilms using biofilter media, and Trickling Filters.

The supplementation of Fermented Feed (Indegofera Sp and Eurycoma longifolia) Leaves on Arabic Chicken Semen

This study aims to determine the effect of fermented feed in the form of Indegofera Sp and Eurycoma Longifolia (El) leaves on the quality of Arabian chicken semen. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of P.1 : Commercial Feed, P.2 : 80% Indegofera sp + 20% Eurycoma longifolia (El) leaves, P.3: 70% Indegofera sp leaves + 30% Eurycoma longifolia (El) leaves, P.4 : 60% Indegofera sp + 40% Eurycoma longifolia (El) leaves. Semen collection was carried out on day 30 after feeding. The semen quality were observed and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan&#39;s test. The results showed that the combination of two fermented feed (Indegofera Sp and Eurycoma Longifolia) leaves had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on the quality of arab chicken spermatozoa. The fermented feed is able to improve the quality of Arabic chicken semen.

Modeling the Incidence of Yellowing Diseases to Whiteflies and Alternative Host

Yellowing diseases is one types of plant diseases which are found in some of the centers of cultivation of yard long bean in Bali. The spread of yellowing diseases caused the presence of vector insects, such as whiteflies and alternative host plants, such as weeds and other crops. This problem is then examined through statistical modeling in order to determine the pattern of the relationship between the incidence of yellowing disease with the populations of whiteflies and the alternative host plants. Collection of data on the yellowing disease incidences, the abundance of whiteflies, and the existence of alternative host plants was done through a direct observation in 100 farmer fields in several centers of cultivation of yard long beans in Bali. Determination of the best mathematical model was performed by linear regression analysis with ordinary least squares method. The results indicated that the best models for the relationship between the incidence of yellowing disease (KPK) with the population of whiteflies (KB) as well as the alternative host plants of yellowing were as follows: KPK = 1,2265 KB0,9872 TIAK1,0936 (R2 = 98,43 %; P-value = 0,000). The incidence of yellowing disease was highly significant positively correlated with the population of whiteflies and yellowing symptomatic alternative host plants. The existence of alternative host plants around the field was very decisive in triggering the emergence of yellow virus disease in the crop.

The FARMERS PARTICIPATION IN AGRO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SUBAK JATILUWIH, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY

The development of subak as a tourist attraction will be in line with the development of Balinese cultural tourism, considering that both are developed based on Balinese culture. This is an effort to maintain the sustainability of subak while controlling the conversion of paddy fields and supporting environmental sustainability. Today's tourists prefer to see beautiful scenery. Agrotourism is one type of tourism that utilizes agricultural business as a tourist attraction. One of the efforts made to continue to develop tourism but still maintain the existence of subak itself is to combine these two things into a new tourist attraction. The attraction that can be developed by combining tourism with agriculture is through the concept of agrotourism. Agrotourism is a tourism development that offers farmer activities in the fields as a tourist attraction. Not only the activities, but the use of agricultural products can also be used as agro-tourism-based tourism products. This research was conducted with the following objectives (1) How is the participation of farmers in the development of agro-tourism and (2) the factors that influence the participation of farmers on the development of agro-tourism. This research was conducted in Subak Jatiluwih, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency. The location of this research was determined purposively on the basis of the consideration that Jatiluwih Subak is one of the subaks targeted for agro-tourism development. The number of samples in Subak Jatiluwih is 199 people. The highest farmer participation is in the 80.2% agro-tourism development planning.

Effect of Biochar from Urban Waste and Eco-enzymes on Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum, L)

This study aims to determine the effect of biochar dose from urban waste and the concentration of eco-enzymes and their interactions on the growth and yield of shallots. The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture,Warmadewa University with an altitude of 25 m above sea level, and took place from April to June 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design method consisting of two factors. The first factor is the dose of biochar with 4 levels (0; 5; 10; and 15 tons ha-1), while the second factor is the concentration of eco-enzyme which consists of 4 treatment levels (0; 7.5; 15.0; and 22.5 ml l-1). The results showed that the interaction between the dose of biochar and the concentration of eco-enzyme had a significant effect on the fresh weight of the stover per clump and had a very significant effect on the dry weight of the stover per clump, but had no significant effect on other variables. The treatment dose of biochar and eco-enzyme had a very significant effect on all observed variables. The results showed that the biochar and eco-enzyme treatments had a very significant effect on all observed variables. The application of biochar and eco-enzyme has a very significant effect on all observed variables. The provision of biochar treatment from urban waste was able to increase the fresh weight of tubers in the 15-ton ha-1 treatment, which was an increase of 39.40% compared to without biochar, while the highest fresh fruit weight was obtained in the eco-enzyme treatment of 22.5 ml l-1, which increased by 29.77% compared without eco-enzyme. Keywords: Biochar; urban waste; eco-enzyme; shallots

Identification of Arbuscular Mychorizae Fungi on Oil Palm in Bireuen, Aceh

Oil palm plantations in Aceh , especially in Bireuen, are generally planted on red-yellow podzolic soil types. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are fungi who are symbiotically associated with 97% of plant species. This study aims to identify the type and population of mycorrhizal spores from oil palm rhizosphere soil samples using culture trapping techniques (maize, sorghum, kudzu). This research was carried out in a greenhouse and Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic National University of Indonesia, Bireuen, Aceh. Isolation, identification and observation of AMF colonization on plant roots was carried out at the Laboratory of Soil Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. The parameters included the number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores and the percentage of root colonization using the trapping culture method. The trapping culture method used 50 g of soil samples on oil palm rhizosphere which aged 5 months, 7 years, 9 years and 12 years. The results showed that the most dominant mycorrhizae found was the Glomus type. The mycorrhizae spores types found in the trapping culture were Glomus, Acaulospora and Gigaspora. The host plant that produced the most AMF spores was sorghum, while the highest AMF colonization of the three host plants was found in the roots of maize plants (78%) with very high criteria. Keywords: Oil palm, Culture trapping, AMF

Effect of Gypsum and Etepon on Crop Yield Siamese Orange (Citrus Nobilis Var. Microcarpa L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of Gypsum and Etepon on the yield of Siamese orange (Citrus nobilis Var Microcarpa. L) conducted in Belancan Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency from December 2020 to July 2021. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with 2 factors arranged in a factorial manner. The first factor that was tried was the dose of gypsum fertilizer (G) which consisted of 4 levels, namely: G0 (0 g/tree), G1 (250 g/tree), G2 (500 g/tree) and G3 (750 g/tree. While the second factor is the concentration of etepon (E) which consists of 3 levels, namely: E0 (0 ml/l water/tree), E1 (0.75 ml//l water/tree) and E2 (1.5 ml/l water)/tree). Thus, there were 12 combination treatments, each of which was repeated 3 times so that 36 citrus trees were needed. The results showed that the interaction between the dose of gypsum and the concentration of etepon had no significant effect on all observed variables. The highest harvested fruit weight per tree was obtained at a dose of gypsum 750 g/tree which was 6.32 kg or an increase of 70.35% when compared to treatment without gypsum which was only 3.71 kg. The highest harvested fruit weight per tree was obtained in the etepon treatment with a concentration of 1.5 ml/l/tree, which was 6.54 kg, an increase of 51.38% compared to the treatment without etepon, which was only 4.32 kg. Keywords: dose, etepon, gypsum, Siamese orange, yield