Screening for Stereopsis Using an Eye-Tracking Glasses-Free Display in Adults: A Pilot Study

Purpose:To explore the feasibility and repeatability of a novel glasses-free display combined with random-dot stimulus and eye-tracking technology for screening stereopsis in adults.Methods:A total of 74 patients aged 18–44 years were recruited in this study (male: female, 32:42), including 33 patients with high myopia [≤ -6.0 diopters (D)] and 41 patients with moderate-to-low myopia (>-6.0 D). Stereopsis was measured using glasses-free, polarized, and Titmus stereotests. All patients completed a visual fatigue questionnaire after the polarized stereotest and glasses-free test. Kendall's W and Cohen's Kappa tests were used to evaluate repeatability and consistency of the glasses-free stereotest.Results:The stereotest results using the glasses-free monitor showed strong repeatability in the three consecutive tests (W = 0.968, P < 0.01) and good consistency with the polarized stereotest and Titmus test results (vs. polarization: Kappa = 0.910, P < 0.001; vs. Titmus: Kappa = 0.493, P < 0.001). Stereopsis levels of the high myopia group were significantly poorer than those of the moderate-to-low myopia group in three stereotest monitors (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in visual fatigue level between the polarized and the glasses-free display test (P = 0.72). Compared with the polarized test, 56.76% of patients preferred the glasses-free display and found it more comfortable, 20.27% reported both tests to be acceptable.Conclusions:In our adult patients, the new eye-tracking glasses-free display system feasibly screened stereopsis with good repeatability, consistency, and patient acceptance.

Effects of color in humans generated by led lighting systems

This research evaluates the effects of color in humans generated by LED lighting systems. This evaluation allows us to know the different parameters that these systems generate, such as: the temperature and color of light suitable for human vision and thus be able to implement them in LED lighting designs for work areas. Having an adequate lighting system contributes to visual health and safety by avoiding work accidents. Each color has a different percentage of light reflection and in the same way each color affects us optically and psychologically by causing different sensations and perceptions in human beings such as visual fatigue, exhaustion, eye disorders, lacrimation, irritation, stress, migraines and even impaired vision Taking care of visual health is of vital importance. The methodology for evaluating lighting designs will be with NOM-030-ENER-2012. The contribution of this research will be to know the optimal colors and color temperature of light to use in LED lighting systems and to help lighting system designers in the selection of suitable LEDs and area colors that contribute to the visual health of humans

The views of students of the upper basic stage in public schools about distance learning via educational platforms during the Corona pandemic through: A case study based on graphics analysis: آراء طلاب المرحلة الأساسية العليا في المدارس الحكومية حول التعلم عن بعد عبر المنصات التعليمية خلال جائحة كورونا: دراسة حالة قائمة على تحليل الرسومات

This research aimed at studying the views of students of the upper basic stage in public schools about distance learning via educational platforms during the Corona pandemic through a case study based on graphics analysis. One of the qualitative research methods was used, which is the case study, the case study in this research was based on the analysis of graphics, and the research sample consisted of 8 students (7 females and one male) studying in the eighth, ninth and tenth grades from 3 public schools that include the upper basic stage in Mafraq Governorate. The research tools also included a case study through drawing to reveal the mental methods of individuals against facts and events, and the research reached three main conclusions. First: that students in the eighth, ninth, and tenth grades of upper basic schools rely to a large extent on laptops to use educational platforms during the Corona pandemic. Second: The method of educational platforms in presenting information does not answer the inquiries of some students, so it does not replace face-to-face learning. Third: The graphics showed that the frequent use of these technologies by the student and the teacher led to health problems for them, such as visual fatigue. Accordingly, the researcher made recommendations to those in charge of educational platforms represented in the need to simplify and facilitate the scientific concepts presented on educational platforms using interesting methods such as puppet theater and cartoon films that present the subject in a simplified manner, and the need to integrate face-to-face and distance education, and recommendations for school administrations represented by targeted awareness campaigns For parents to reduce their behaviors that led their children to neglect and dependence on parents during the distance learning period, and recommendations to parents about the need to instill a sense of security in the hearts of their children, and increase the care and love provided to them, especially in this critical age stage (adolescence), and the presence of an individual with patience and positivity In the family and has a close relationship with the student, he helps him review the book’s information after attending lessons on educational platforms and other knowledge channels.

Regarding the Question of Postoperative Asthenopia

Relevance. It is well known that asthenopic complaints, such as increased visual fatigue when working at close range, lacrimation, eye pain and headache after corneal refractive operations in recent years are increasingly common at routine ophthalmological practice. They cause significant subjective discomfort in patients and reduce the satisfaction of the surgery. The pathogenesis of asthenopia is a violation of the coordinated work of the accommodation and binocular systems as a result of their overstrain with excessive visual loads.Purpose. To study the role of the lack of adequate optical correction before surgery in the development of asthenopia in patients with mild and moderate myopia after ReLEx SMILE surgery, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of drug correction of this condition.Patients and methods. This study included 84 patients (128 eyes) who spend more than 8 hours at a computer due to their professional activity, without pathology of the visual organ that prevents keratorefractive operations, whose average age was 33.2 ± 1.9 years.Results and discussion. The ReLEx SMILE operations in all patients were carried out without complications with the achievement of uncorrected visual acuity equal to the preoperative values of the maximum corrected visual acuity in the period of 1 week and 1 month. In the group with a preoperative lack of adequate optical correction, signs of asthenopia were more often manifested than in patients using full eyeglass or contact correction before surgery. The appointment of the drug Mydrimax® allows to improve the subjective state of patients with asthenopia and leads to the normalization of functional parameters.Conclusion. Corneal refractive operations in patients with the lack of adequate correction of refractive disorders before surgery leads to a significantly significant increase in the initially impaired functional parameters compared to preoperative values, however, it does not reach normal values in most cases and is accompanied by a greater probability of developing postoperative asthenopia.

Prevalence of Fatigability in Undergraduate Dental Students: A Survey

Introduction: High levels of stress and fatigue are associated with decreased academic success, well-being, and quality of life. The objective of this research was to quantify levels of perceived stress and fatigue among dental students to identify sources of and student coping mechanisms for perceived stress and fatigue and to identify the relationship between students' perceived stress and fatigue. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 responses were tabulated and analyzed using statistical analysis. This study was conducted to acknowledge the effect of stress and fatigability and the different ways it affects the health of dental students. The obtained data was collected and tabulated in Google sheets, analyzed statistically with descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 23. Results: Respondents have faced a feeling of fatigue in their working environment and some have experienced visual fatigue due to excessive screen time. Conclusion: The survey concludes that respondents have moderate awareness about the prevalence of fatigability in dental students.

Medical Image Classification Based on Information Interaction Perception Mechanism

Colorectal cancer originates from adenomatous polyps. Adenomatous polyps start out as benign, but over time they can become malignant and even lead to complications and death which will spread to adherent and surrounding organs over time, such as lymph nodes, liver, or lungs, eventually leading to complications and death. Factors such as operator’s experience shortage and visual fatigue will directly affect the diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy. To relieve the pressure on medical imaging personnel, this paper proposed a network model for colonic polyp detection using colonoscopy images. Considering the unnoticeable surface texture of colonic polyps, this paper designed a channel information interaction perception (CIIP) module. Based on this module, an information interaction perception network (IIP-Net) is proposed. In order to improve the accuracy of classification and reduce the cost of calculation, the network used three classifiers for classification: fully connected (FC) structure, global average pooling fully connected (GAP-FC) structure, and convolution global average pooling (C-GAP) structure. We evaluated the performance of IIP-Net by randomly selecting colonoscopy images from a gastroscopy database. The experimental results showed that the overall accuracy of IIP-NET54-GAP-FC module is 99.59%, and the accuracy of colonic polyp is 99.40%. By contrast, our IIP-NET54-GAP-FC performed extremely well.

Exploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice

Motor imagery (MI) is an endogenous mental process and is commonly used as an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) strategy. Previous studies of P300 and MI-based (without online feedback) BCI have shown that mental states like fatigue can negatively affect participants’ EEG signatures. However, exogenous stimuli cause visual fatigue, which might have a different mechanism than endogenous tasks do. Furthermore, subjects could adjust themselves if online feedback is provided. In this sense, it is still unclear how fatigue affects online MI-based BCI performance. With this question, 12 healthy subjects are recruited to investigate this issue, and an MI-based online BCI experiment is performed for four sessions on different days. The first session is for training, and the other three sessions differ in rest condition and duration—no rest, 16-min eyes-open rest, and 16-min eyes-closed rest—arranged in a pseudo-random order. Multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) and short stress state questionnaire (SSSQ) reveal that general fatigue, mental fatigue, and distress have increased, while engagement has decreased significantly within certain sessions. However, the BCI performances, including percent valid correct (PVC) and information transfer rate (ITR), show no significant change across 400 trials. The results suggest that although the repetitive MI task has affected subjects’ mental states, their BCI performances and feature separability within a session are not affected by the task significantly. Further electrophysiological analysis reveals that the alpha-band power in the sensorimotor area has an increasing tendency, while event-related desynchronization (ERD) modulation level has a decreasing trend. During the rest time, no physiological difference has been found in the eyes-open rest condition; on the contrary, the alpha-band power increase and subsequent decrease appear in the eyes-closed rest condition. In summary, this experiment shows evidence that mental states can change dramatically in the intensive MI-BCI practice, but BCI performances could be maintained.

Scientific and methodological foundations of hygienic assessment and examination of digital educational content

Introduction. In a modern school, digital educational materials are widely used, implemented through electronic teaching aids. However, teachers in the learning process are not guided by the appropriate recommendations of hygienists. The purpose of the study is to substantiate hygienically significant parameters of digital educational content presented on devices equipped with a screen. Materials and methods. Hygienic observational, expert-analytical and physiological-hygienic studies were carried out to assess 460 electronic educational materials. Results. A number of indicators have been established that characterize the readability of educational materials of a digital school, four of which are regulated by the current sanitary legislation, and the rest are of a recommendatory nature. The assessment of the textual material made it possible to establish that the educational materials did not comply with the regulated and recommended hygienic requirements in all respects. The expert assessment showed that the hygienically not rationally designed educational material presented on the screens causes discomfort of the visual analyzer after working with it. Working with such material contributes to visual fatigue, at the same time, the use of hygienically rationally designed materials is characterized by positive trends in the state of the visual analyzer. Conclusion. A hygienically not rationally designed educational material presented on screens causes discomfort in the visual analyzer and promotes visual fatigue. Hygienic assessment and examination of used and developed digital educational content should be carried out in terms of text, color, illustrative design and design of electronic educational material.