scholarly journals Evaluation of Drimys winteri (Canelo) Essential Oil as Insecticide against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Jocelyne Tampe ◽  
Javier Espinoza ◽  
Manuel Chacón-Fuentes ◽  
Andrés Quiroz ◽  
Mónica Rubilar

Adverse effects caused by synthetic pesticides have increased interest in plant-derived insecticidal compounds, in particular essential oils, as a more compatible and ecofriendly alternative for pest control of economic importance. For this reason, the essential oil isolated from leaves and shoots of Drimys winteri (J.R. Forster & G. Forster)—also named canelo (CEO)—was investigated for its chemical profile and insecticidal action against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)—one of the most important post-harvest pests of dry beans in the world—and Aegorhinus superciliosus (Guérin)—a significant pest of fruit trees in Chile. The analysis by gas chromatography, paired with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) determined 56 compounds, corresponding to 92.28% of the detected compounds. Elemol (13.54%), γ-eudesmol (11.42%), β-eudesmol (8.49%), α-eudesmol (6.39%), α-pinene (7.92%) and β-pinene (5.17%) were the most abundant. Regarding the bioactivity of the CEO, the results demonstrated toxicological effects against A. obtectus. A concentration of 158.3 µL L−1 had a mortality rate of 94% after 24 h exposure. The LC50 and LC90 values at 24 h were 60.1 and 163.0 µL L−1. Moreover, behavioral bioassays showed a repellent effect against A. superciliosus with a dose of one microliter of CEO. Both sexes of the raspberry weevil stayed for very short times in the treated area with the oil (<0.8 min), showing a homogeneous repellency in the species. The overall data suggest that canelo leaves and shoots essential oil has an insecticide effect and is worth exploring to better understand the synergistic relationship between the compounds present in the essential oil.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (25) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Mboussy Tsoungould Feldane Gladrich ◽  
Mpika Joseph ◽  
Mbuntcha Gueaba Hélène ◽  
Tapondjou Azefack Léon ◽  
Attibayeba

Le but de l’étude est d’évaluer l’effet d’insecticide et d’insectifuge de l’huile essentielle et de la poudre de Chenopodium ambrosioides L. contre Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, bruches de haricots. Après séchage de la partie terminale de C. ambrosioides, une aliquote de la matière sèche a été utilisée pour extraire par hydro-distillation de l’huile essentielle et une autre partie broyée pour produire une poudre fine après tamisage. L’analyse de l’huile extraite a été réalisée par chromatographie en phase gazeuse à ionisation de flamme couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. La toxicité de cette huile contre les bruches a été évaluée par fumigation avec ou sans graines, répulsion, contact sur papier filtre avec graines et contact avec graines. Il a été prouvé la toxicité de la poudre vis à vis des bruches de haricots. Le taux de répulsion (%) ou la mortalité des bruches a été déterminée par test. La DL50 a été calculée après que les bruches A. obtectus ont été exposées à l’huile essentielle et à la poudre à la moitié de la durée totale de l’expérience. L’huile essentielle extraite est composée d’hydrocarbures monoterpéniques (52,14 %) avec 37,15 % de α-terpinène et 13,55 % de p-cymène. Elle est riche en monoterpènes oxygénés (6,26 %) dont l’isoascaridole représente 5,43 %. La DL50 de l’huile essentielle est de 0,0017 μl/cm3, 0,017 μl/cm2, 0,0127 μl/g, 0,0032 μl/g respectivement pour le test de fumigation sans graines, de contact avec papier filtre, de fumigation avec graines et de contact avec graines. Avec la poudre, DL50 est de 19,5 g/kg. L’huile a montré un effet attractif pour le test de répulsion. Cette huile et la poudre ont influencé le cycle de développement des bruches en réduisant leur nombre des imagos émergées en F1. Cette huile a été plus efficace que la poudre. Le test in planta confirmera l’efficacité de l’huile essentielle extraite de C. ambrosioides contre les bruches A. obtectus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the insecticide and insectifuge effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. essential oil and powder against Acanthoscelides obtectus Say which are beans’ weevil. After drying the terminal part of C. ambrosioides, a certain quantity of dried latter was used for extraction by hydro-distillation of essential oil and the other part was grounded to produce a thin powder sifting. Analysis of the extracted oil was done by chromatography in gaseous phase at flame ionization coupled with mass spectrometry. Toxicity of the oil on weevil was evaluated by fumigation with or without seeds, repulsion, contact on filter paper with seeds and contact with seeds. It was proven the toxicity of the powder face to beans’ weevil. Repulsion rate (%) or mortality of the weevils was determined by test. DL50 was calculated after weevil A. obtectus have been exposed to essential oil and powder at half time of the total duration of the experimentation. The extracted essential oil is composed of monoterpenic hydrocarbons (52.14 %) with 37.15 % of α-terpinen and 13.55 % of p-cymene. The oil is rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (6.26 %) of which the isoascaridol represents 5.43 %. The DL50 of the essential oil equals 0.0017 μl/cm3, 0.017 μl/cm2, 0.0127 μl/g, 0.0032 μl/g for the fumigation without seeds test, the contact with filter paper, fumigation with seeds and contact with seeds respectively. With the powder, the DL50 equals 19.5 g/kg. The oil showed an attractive effect for the test of repulsion. That oil and the powder influenced the development cycle of the weevils by reducing the number of images emerged in F1. That oil was more efficient than the powder. The test in planta will confirm the efficiency of the extracted essential oil from C. ambrosioides against the weevils A. obtectus.


2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERVET PAULAIN DONGMO FOGANG ◽  
HILAIRE MACAIRE WOMENI ◽  
GEORGES PIOMBO ◽  
NATHALIE BAROUH ◽  
LÉON AZEFACK TAPONDJOU

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the bioefficacy of essential and vegetable oils of Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides (Rutaceae) against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The chemical composition of the essential oil and the fatty acid composition of the vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of Z. xanthoxyloides were determined. The insecticidal activities of these oils and the associated aromatized clay powder were evaluated against A. obtectus. Both oils were strongly repellent (100% repellency at 0.501 μl/cm2 essential oil and 3.144 μl/cm2 vegetable oil) and highly toxic (LC50 = 0.118 μl/cm2 for essential oil) to this beetle after contact on filter paper. The vapors of the essential oil were highly toxic to adult insects (LC50 = 0.044 μl/cm3), and the aromatized powder made from clay and essential oil was more toxic (LD50 = 0.137 μl/g) than the essential oil alone (LD50 = 0.193 μl/g) after 2 days of exposure on a common bean. Both oils greatly reduced the F1 insect production and bean weight loss and did not adversely affect the bean seed viability. In general, the results obtained indicate that these plant oils can be used for control of A. obtectus in stored beans.


2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2399-2406
Author(s):  
Isabel Moreira da Silva ◽  
Marcus Alvarenga Soares ◽  
Wagner de Souza Tavares ◽  
Alexandre dos Santos ◽  
José Eduardo Serrão ◽  
...  

Abstract Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus, 1767) is one of the main pests of the cucurbit crops. Biological control and botanicals are used in integrated pest management (IPM), especially in agro-ecological agricultures where the use of synthetic pesticides is restricted. Toxicological effects of plant essential oils on target and nontarget organisms should be evaluated to determine its use in IPM. The toxicity of ginger, peppermint, oregano, and thyme essential oils to D. hyalinata eggs, larvae, and pupae and their selectivity to the parasitoid Trichospilus pupivorus and the LC50, LC99 and the relative selectivity index (RSI) of these botanicals were determined. The eggs of D. hyalinata were more sensitive to the botanicals applied than its larvae and pupae, with higher toxicity of oregano and thyme essential oils, followed by those of peppermint and ginger. Topical application was the least toxic method to D. hyalinata larvae. Ginger, peppermint, and thyme essential oils were more toxic by ingestion and oregano by contact to D. hyalinata larvae. The essential oil concentrations applied to D. hyalinata pupae prevent the emergence of adults of this insect with the oregano essential oil showing the greatest toxicity. Peppermint, ginger, thyme, and oregano essential oils were selective to T. pupivorus with RSI50 of 5.40, 1.38, 8.15, and 6.98 and RSI99 of 1.54, 2.53, 3.90, and 4.16 respectively. The ginger, peppermint, oregano, and thyme essential oils were toxic to immature D. hyalinata and selective to T. pupivorus females presenting potential as an alternative control in the IPM of this pest in Cucurbitaceae crops.


2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stojan Jevremovic ◽  
Jelica Lazarevic ◽  
Miroslav Kostic ◽  
Slobodan Krnjajic ◽  
Vladan Ugrenovic ◽  
...  

The bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Say) is a serious pest of stored bean seeds. Bean weevil control relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides. In the search for a sustainable alternative, the residual contact toxicity and anti-oviposition activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oils as well as their dominant components (thymol, ?-pinene, 1,8-cineole and linalool) were tested against A. obtectus adults. Out of the seven tested botanicals, T. vulgaris oil, thymol and linalool exhibited the highest toxic potential (>90% mortality). Females were less susceptible than males. The insecticidal activity of these botanicals was much greater when they were applied on glass compared to direct application to the bean. All tested botanicals reduced oviposition by bean weevil females. T. vulgaris oil, thymol and ?-pinene also deterred bean weevil oviposition, as revealed by a two-choice test. Our research shows that T. vulgaris oil and thymol are promising and sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides for protecting stored beans against the bean weevil.


Author(s):  
C. Baricevic ◽  
L. Milevoj ◽  
J. Borstnik

The effectiveness of drug plant and of essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum Ietswaart) against the adults and egg hatching of bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say) was studied in laboratory trials in order to screen for a new potential insecticide in the control of this granary pest of beans. The adult mortality as well as oviposition and hatching capabilities were evaluated after 6 days of treatment of beans cv. `Berggold' (55 g) in Petri dishes by powdered drug (0.33 g, 0.66 g, 1.0 g and 2.0 g) and by equivalent amounts of essential oil (5 ill, 10 15 ill and 30 ill). Oregano essential oil showed both fumigant and contact toxicities to bean weevil, the later being more potent. When considering fumigant toxicity, insecticidal effect (mortality rate 82.5%) was observed 6 days after application of high concentrations of oregano essential oil (150 Al per 55 g of beans). When considering contact toxicity, both oregano drug plant and essential oil at all tested concentrations significantly increased the bean weevils' mortality rates with comparison to the controls. Also, egg laying and hatching were inhibited after treatment of bean weevil with powdered drug plant or with essential oil at all tested concentrations. Insecticidal effect of drug plants issuing from two different stocks depended on their essential oil contents. Essential oils (5 pi, 15 pi and 30 IA per 55 g of beans) induced 100% mortality of bean weevil population when applied directly to the surface of beans (55 g) in Petri dishes. The content of essential oil in oregano and oregano-based preparations for insecticidal use is proposed as a parameter for quality control purposes.  


1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud ◽  
Mireille Campan

This paper relates a female age effect to the mating behavior of Chryseida bennetti Burks, an ectoparasitoid of the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)). The sexual behavior includes rapid courtship and copulation followed by a postmating courtship behavior ("guarding"). Male guarding behavior varies according to the females' age, with males guarding females of 2–3 days old longer than younger and older females. A period of sexual maturation is necessary for most of the males. Females' attractiveness begins at the pupal stage, and their receptivity on emergence. Mated females are still attractive to males. Multiple matings (up to four copulations) with the same male have been observed. The females' age seems to control copulation frequency and the duration of the postmating courtship behavior. Two- and three-day-old females had more successive multiple matings with the same male than the other females did, and males spent much more time guarding them. The age of the males (except from newly emerged males) did not seem to influence copulation frequency. On the other hand, the complexity of the sequential courtship behavior increased with the age of the partners. The function of males' postmating courtship is discussed.


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