Toxicity of Essential Oils to Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Selectivity to Its Parasitoid Trichospilus pupivorus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Abstract Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus, 1767) is one of the main pests of the cucurbit crops. Biological control and botanicals are used in integrated pest management (IPM), especially in agro-ecological agricultures where the use of synthetic pesticides is restricted. Toxicological effects of plant essential oils on target and nontarget organisms should be evaluated to determine its use in IPM. The toxicity of ginger, peppermint, oregano, and thyme essential oils to D. hyalinata eggs, larvae, and pupae and their selectivity to the parasitoid Trichospilus pupivorus and the LC50, LC99 and the relative selectivity index (RSI) of these botanicals were determined. The eggs of D. hyalinata were more sensitive to the botanicals applied than its larvae and pupae, with higher toxicity of oregano and thyme essential oils, followed by those of peppermint and ginger. Topical application was the least toxic method to D. hyalinata larvae. Ginger, peppermint, and thyme essential oils were more toxic by ingestion and oregano by contact to D. hyalinata larvae. The essential oil concentrations applied to D. hyalinata pupae prevent the emergence of adults of this insect with the oregano essential oil showing the greatest toxicity. Peppermint, ginger, thyme, and oregano essential oils were selective to T. pupivorus with RSI50 of 5.40, 1.38, 8.15, and 6.98 and RSI99 of 1.54, 2.53, 3.90, and 4.16 respectively. The ginger, peppermint, oregano, and thyme essential oils were toxic to immature D. hyalinata and selective to T. pupivorus females presenting potential as an alternative control in the IPM of this pest in Cucurbitaceae crops.

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Use of Microcapsules of Oregano Essential Oil to Extend the Shelf Life of Strawberries

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.422 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 262 ◽

pp. 422-425

Author(s):

Guang Fa Liu ◽

Jian Qing Wang ◽

Ya Zhu Zhao

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Bioactive Agents ◽

Cinnamon Essential Oil

This work explored the use of microcapsules of natural plant essential oils to increase the shelf life of strawberries during storage. First, antimicrobial tests were performed with selected essential oils to evaluate their antimicrobial capacities against moulds isolated from strawberries. Oregano essential oil was found as strong bioactive agents against moulds from strawberries, whereas cinnamon essential oil had lower antimicrobial properties. Then, microcapsules of oregano essential oil were prepared with oregano essential oil, sodium alginate, Tween 80, and monoglycerides, and their internal structure were observed by SEM, and their oils contain were tested by UV-visible spectrophotometer inspection. Different amounts of microcapsules of oregano essential oil were wrapped into small polypropylene non-woven package, and they were pasted on the internal of corrugated boxes. Finally, freshly picked strawberries were put into corrugated boxes and stored at room temperature (from 16°C to 18°C) for 4 days. The results showed that the use of microcapsules of oregano essential oil could effectively inhibit the decay of strawberries, maintain their quality, and extend their shelf life. Strawberries presented the best quality when the amount of microcapsules arrived at 0.828 grams per 500 grams of strawberries.

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Flavored Olive Oil as a Preservation Means of Reduced Salt Spanish Style Green Table Olives (cv. Chalkidiki)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 392

Author(s):

Maria Papapostolou ◽

Fani T. Mantzouridou ◽

Maria Z. Tsimidou

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Population Control ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Table Olives ◽

Lemon Balm ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Reduced Salt

Reformulation of products fermented in brine is a challenging area of research. Continuing the efforts toward the establishment of table olives as a healthy food for all population groups, this study aimed at examining whether olive oil flavored with essential oils can be used as a preservation means for reduced salt Spanish style green table olives (cv. Chalkidiki). Response surface methodology was applied to organize experimentation and assess data. As independent factors, concentrations of the essential oils used (oregano, lemon balm and bay laurel) and time of storage under vacuum were set. Microbiological parameters (pathogens and fermentation-related microbes), color and firmness attributes were used as responses. Models indicated that each essential oil exerted a preservative role to maintain microbiological quality of reduced salt table olives. Concurrently, appearance attributes of the latter were retained at desirable values. Oregano essential oil had a profound role against pathogens. Lemon balm and bay laurel essential oils were found to be important for yeast population control. The results are promising toward the use of flavored olive oil as a preservation means for tailor-made reduced salt table olives, a practice that may enhance local industry innovative activity in a practical and effective way.

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Research Progress of Essential Oil as a New Complementary Therapy in the Treatment of Depression

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557521666210219161747 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Xinli Liang ◽

Xinli Wang ◽

Guowei Zhao ◽

Xiaoying Huang ◽

Xiqiang Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mental Disease ◽

Complementary Therapy ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Research Progress ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Treatment Of Depression

: Depression is a mood disorder or affective disorder disease with depression as the main symptom. It has become a kind of mental disease that cannot be ignored in the world that seriously endangers human physical and mental health. Antidepressants commonly used in clinics generally have some defects including slow action, unremarkable effects and large side-effects. Therefore, there has a huge developing space for the research of new and effective therapeutic drugs to supplement or replace traditional drugs. Essential oil has obvious advantages in the treatment of depression and other emotional diseases, its aromatic odor can directly stimulate the olfactory nerves, and the lipophilic small- molecular compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier easily, to play its regulatory role of releasing of neurotransmitters and hormones related to depression, or adjusting the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and proinflammatory cytokines. The pathogenesis of depression and the problems in traditional medication was illustrated, the research on the antidepressant effects and mechanism of essential oils in recent years was summarized and the antidepressant chemical components in plant essential oils were reviewed in this article. It could provide scientific basis for essential oil to be a new choice for relieving depression and treating depression.

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Effect of Plant Essential Oils and Their Major Constituents on Cypermethrin Tolerance Associated Detoxification Enzyme Activities in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz126 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 2167-2176 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Torranis Ruttanaphan ◽

Wanchai Pluempanupat ◽

Chutikan Aungsirisawat ◽

Polnarong Boonyarit ◽

Gaelle Le Goff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Cytochromes P450 ◽

Detoxification Enzymes ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Essential Oil Compounds

Abstract Essential oils are well known to act as biopesticides. This research evaluated the acute toxicity and synergistic effect of essential oil compounds in combination with cypermethrin against Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The effects of distillation extracts of essential oils from Alpinia galanga Zingiberaceae (Zingiberales) rhizomes and Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae (Lamiales) leaves; one of their primary essential oil compounds 1,8-cineole; and linalool were studied on second-instar S. litura by topical application under laboratory conditions. The results showed that A. galanga had the highest control efficiency, whereas1,8-cineole provided a moderate efficacy. The mixtures of linalool, 1,8-cineole, O. basilicum, or A. galanga with cypermethrin were synergistic on mortality. Activity measurements of the main detoxification enzymes show that linalool and 1,8-cineole inhibit the activity of cytochromes P450 and carboxylesterases, which could explain their synergistic effect. Based on our results, the use of these mixtures represents an ideal eco-friendly approach, helping to manage cypermethrin resistance of S. litura.

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Essential Oils from Indigenous Iranian Plants: A Natural Weapon vs. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010109 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Mohammadreza Pajohi Alamoti ◽

Behnaz Bazargani-Gilani ◽

Razzagh Mahmoudi ◽

Anna Reale ◽

Babak Pakbin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Zataria Multiflora ◽

Cuminum Cyminum ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

E Coli ◽

Mentha Longifolia

Aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of herbal plant essential oils (EOs) from selected Iranian plant species such as Ferulago angulata, Zataria multiflora, Cuminum cyminum, and Mentha longifolia against antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. For this purpose, the Escherichia coli strains, isolated from raw cow’s milk and local dairy products (yogurt, cream, whey, cheese, and confectionery products) collected from different areas of Hamedan province, Iran, were investigated for their resistance to antibiotics (i.e., streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and cefixime). Thus, the E. coli strains were tested for their susceptibility to the above-mentioned essential oils. Regarding antibiotics, the E. coli strains were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin. In relation to essential oils, the most effective antibacterial activity was observed with Zataria multiflora; also, the bacteria were semi-sensitive to Cuminum cyminum and Mentha longifolia essential oils. All strains were resistant to Ferulago angulata essential oil. According to the results, the essential oil of Zataria multiflora can be considered as a practical and alternative antibacterial strategy to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant E. coli of dairy origin.

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Assessment and Characterization of Some New Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT)

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13133012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Monica Dascalu (Rusu) ◽

Marioara Moldovan ◽

Doina Prodan ◽

Irina Ciotlaus ◽

Violeta Popescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

The novelty of this study consists on the formulation and evaluation of five complex experimental natural photosensitizers (PS): gel with oregano essential oil (O), gel with methylene blue (AM), gel with a mixture of essential oils (Thieves-H), gel with arnica oil and curcuma extract (CU) and gel with frankincense essential oil (T), used as photosensitizing agents (PS) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the control of microbial biofilm in oral cavity. The experimental PS were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, cytotoxicity assay, antimicrobial effect and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The IR spectra of the experimental PS with essential oils exhibit absorption bands due to the presence of water and glycerol in high quantities. The studied compounds had a reduced cytotoxic effect on cell cultures. The lowest cytotoxic effect was observed in experimental PS with oregano essential oil and methylene blue PS. Essential oils with proven antibacterial capabilities used in experimental PS confer antibacterial activity to the gels in which they are incorporated, an activity that may be more efficient use of a PDT therapy. Single bacteria were detected mainly by SEM after 12 h, while aggregate bacteria and micro colonies dominated the samples at 48 h.

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Effect of thyme and oregano essential oils on the shelf life of salmon and seaweed burgers

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/1082013218759364 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 394-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D Dolea ◽

A Rizo ◽

A Fuentes ◽

JM Barat ◽

I Fernández-Segovia

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Basic Nitrogen ◽

Thyme Essential Oil ◽

Texture Parameters ◽

Noticeable Improvement ◽

Microbiological Analyses

The effect of different essential oils on the quality and shelf life of fish and seaweed burgers during storage was evaluated. For this purpose, thyme and oregano essential oils were selected at a concentration of 0.05% (v/w). Three types of salmon and seaweed burgers were prepared: without essential oil, burgers with red thyme essential oil (0.05% (v/w)) and burgers with oregano essential oil (0.05% (v/w)), which were vacuum packaged and stored at 4 ℃ for 17 days. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out periodically throughout storage. The addition of both essential oils did not have any effect on the evolution of the pH, the moisture content or texture parameters. Only the thyme essential oil managed to slightly slow down the increase of total volatile basic nitrogen and trimethylamine nitrogen. The samples with oregano essential oil and especially those with thyme essential oil showed minor oxidation. The salmon and seaweed burgers without essential oils and those which contained oregano essential oil showed a faster increase of mesophilic counts than those which had thyme essential oil, but no noticeable improvement was observed in the shelf life of the burgers with thyme essential oil. To improve the shelf life of the fish and seaweed burgers, it would be necessary to increase the concentration of both essential oils.

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The influence of thyme and pennyroyal essential oils, found to be effective as acaricides against the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), on occurrence of taint in hens’ eggs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200030350 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 196-196

Author(s):

T Smith ◽

D George ◽

O Sparagano ◽

R Shiel ◽

C Seal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pest Management ◽

Egg Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽

Poultry Red Mite ◽

Growing Body ◽

Preceding Work ◽

Synthetic Pesticides

Conventional pest management (the use of synthetic pesticides) is being increasingly hampered by issues of pest resistance, tighter legislation and greater consumer demand for food stuffs produced in an environmentally friendly manner. A growing body of research suggests that essential oils may be of use as an alternative to synthetic products in managing the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), a serious pest of egg production systems for laying hens (Kim et al., 2004). It is necessary to ensure that any essential oil recommended as an acaricide against this pest does not taint the eggs produced from hens in poultry units in which the oil would be deployed. The aim of the current study was to test the hypotheses that thyme and pennyroyal essential oils, having been found to be effective as acaricides for D. gallinae in preceding work, would have no effect on the occurrence of taint in hens’ eggs.

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Chemical Composition and Acaricidal Effects of Essential Oils ofFoeniculum vulgareMill. (Apiales: Apiaceae) andLavandula angustifoliaMiller (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) againstTetranychus urticaeKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2014/424078 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Asgar Ebadollahi ◽

Jalal Jalali Sendi ◽

Alireza Aliakbar ◽

Jabraeil Razmjou

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Mite Species ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Nontarget Organisms ◽

Two Spotted Spider Mite

Utilization of synthetic acaricides causes negative side-effects on nontarget organisms and environment and most of the mite species such as two spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticaeKoch, are becoming resistant to these chemicals. In the present study, essential oils of fennel,Foeniculum vulgareMill., and lavender,Lavandula angustifoliaMiller, were hydrodistilled using Clevenger apparatus and chemical composition of these oils was analyzed by GC-MS. Anethole (46.73%), limonene (13.65%), andα-fenchone (8.27%) in the fennel essential oil and linalool (28.63%), 1,8-cineole (18.65%), and 1-borneol (15.94%) in the lavender essential oil were found as main components. Contact and fumigant toxicity of essential oils was assessed against adult females ofT. urticaeafter 24 h exposure time. The essential oils revealed strong toxicity in both contact and fumigant bioassays and the activity dependeds on essential oil concentrations. Lethal concentration 50% for the population of mite (LC50) was found as 0.557% (0.445–0.716) and 0.792% (0.598–1.091) in the contact toxicity and 1.876 μL/L air (1.786–1.982) and 1.971 μL/L air (1.628–2.478) in the fumigant toxicity for fennel and lavender oils, respectively. Results indicated thatF. vulgareandL. angustifoliaessential oils might be useful for managing of two spotted spider mite,T. urticae.

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Fumigant Toxicity of Petroselinum Crispum L. (Apiaceae) Essential Oil on Trialeurodes Vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Adults Under Greenhouse Conditions

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/jppr-2014-0044 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 294-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Leila Mahmoodi ◽

Oroj Valizadegan ◽

Vahid Mahdavi

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Petroselinum Crispum ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Plant Oil ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Greenhouse Crops

Abstract Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most harmful, world-wide known pests of greenhouse crops and ornamental plants. This insect feeds on plant sap, produces honeydew, and transmits plant viruses, while causing quantitative and qualitative damage to plants. For controlling this pest in greenhouses, plant essential oils are used as an alternative to chemical insecticidal. So in this study, fumigant toxicity of Petroselinum crispum L. (Apiaceae) plant oil on the abovementioned adult pest was investigated. Dry seeds were ground and subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and the resulting oil contained myristicin (42.65%), β-phellandrene (21.83%), p-1,3,8-menthatriene (9.97%), and β-myrcene (4.25%). All bioassay tests were conducted at 27±2°C, 65±5% relative humidity (RH) and at a photoperiod of 16 : 8 h (light : dark). This research was performed in a completely randomised design with six treatments (five different concentrations of essential oils plus the control). Each concentration included three replicates and each replicate consisted of 20 adult pests. The results showed that the aforementioned essential oil showed significant mortality of adults 24 h after exposure. The value LC50 of the mentioned plant oil on T. vaporariorum was 2.41 μl/l air. And mortality percentage showed higher sensitivity of T. vaporariorum against the application of the essential oil. The value LT50 estimated for T. vaporariorum in a concentration of 2.41 μl/l air was 8.17 h. The fumigant toxicity of this essential oil had an ordered relationship with the concentration and time exposure. The results of this research showed that the mentioned plant oil had appropriate insecticidal effects on these greenhouse pests. The findings showed that P. crispum oil had a high impact on the above-mentioned pest, and its use is suggested because of its high potential fumigant toxicity. The oil of P. crispum may be used in integrated pest management programmes in greenhouses.

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