Host Suitability for Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) Differed Significantly among Crapemyrtle Species

Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae), an invasive polyphagous sap-sucking hemipteran, has spread across 14 states of the United States since 2004. The infestation of CMBS has negatively impacted the flowering of ornamental plants and even the fruiting of some crops. Host identification is critical for determining potential risks in ecosystems and industries and helps develop strategic management. A host confirmation test was performed over 25 weeks using six Lagerstroemia species (L. caudata, L. fauriei ‘Kiowa’, L. indica ‘Dynamite’, L. limii, L. speciosa, and L. subcostata) and California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum). The 25-week observations confirmed all tested plants as the hosts. The repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA; Tukey’s HSD, α = 0.05) indicated that the average number of CMBS females differed significantly between L. limii and L. speciosa. The highest number of the females observed on L. limii was 576 ± 25 (mean ± SE) at 17 weeks after inoculation (WAI), while the highest number was 57 ± 15 on L. speciosa at 19 WAI. In addition, L. subcostata and L. speciosa had significantly high and low numbers of males, respectively, among the Lagerstroemia species. Our results suggest that L. speciosa could be incorporated in developing new cultivars with low CMBS suitability.

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Utilization of rehabilitation therapy services in Parkinson disease in the United States

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000004355 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (11) ◽

pp. 1162-1169 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Michelle E. Fullard ◽

Dylan P. Thibault ◽

Andrew Hill ◽

Joellyn Fox ◽

Danish E. Bhatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Parkinson Disease ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Service Use ◽

Speech Therapy ◽

The United States ◽

Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽

Fee For Service ◽

Rehabilitation Therapy ◽

Provider Supply

Objective:To examine rehabilitation therapy utilization for Parkinson disease (PD).Methods:We identified 174,643 Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of PD in 2007 and followed them through 2009. The main outcome measures were annual receipt of physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), or speech therapy (ST).Results:Outpatient rehabilitation fee-for-service use was low. In 2007, only 14.2% of individuals with PD had claims for PT or OT, and 14.6% for ST. Asian Americans were the highest users of PT/OT (18.4%) and ST (18.4%), followed by Caucasians (PT/OT 14.4%, ST 14.8%). African Americans had the lowest utilization (PT/OT 7.8%, ST 8.2%). Using logistic regression models that accounted for repeated measures, we found that African American patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.63 for PT/OT, AOR 0.63 for ST) and Hispanic patients (AOR 0.97 for PT/OT, AOR 0.91 for ST) were less likely to have received therapies compared to Caucasian patients. Patients with PD with at least one neurologist visit per year were 43% more likely to have a claim for PT evaluation as compared to patients without neurologist care (AOR 1.43, 1.30–1.48), and this relationship was similar for OT evaluation, PT/OT treatment, and ST. Geographically, Western states had the greatest use of rehabilitation therapies, but provider supply did not correlate with utilization.Conclusions:This claims-based analysis suggests that rehabilitation therapy utilization among older patients with PD in the United States is lower than reported for countries with comparable health care infrastructure. Neurologist care is associated with rehabilitation therapy use; provider supply is not.

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First Report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Campanula carpatica and Schizanthus × wisetonensis in Italy

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.1.71a ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 71-71

Author(s):

A. Garibaldi ◽

A. Minuto ◽

M. L. Gullino

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Soil Surface ◽

The United States ◽

First Report ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Initial Symptoms ◽

Stem Necrosis ◽

Campanula Carpatica

The production of potted ornamental plants is very important in the Albenga Region of northern Italy, where plants are grown for export to central and northern Europe. During fall 2000 and spring 2001, sudden wilt of tussock bellflower (Campanula carpatica Jacq.) and butterfly flower (Schizanthus × wisetonensis Hort.) was observed on potted plants in a commercial greenhouse. Initial symptoms included stem necrosis at the soil line and yellowing and tan discoloration of the lower leaves. As stem necrosis progressed, infected plants growing in a peat, bark compost, and clay mixture (70-20-10) wilted and died. Necrotic tissues were covered with whitish mycelia that produced dark, spherical (2 to 6 mm diameter) sclerotia. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was consistently recovered from symptomatic stem pieces of both plants disinfested for 1 min in 1% NaOCl and plated on potato dextrose agar amended with streptomycin sulphate at 100 ppm. Pathogenicity of three isolates obtained from each crop was confirmed by inoculating 45- to 60-day-old C. carpatica and Schizanthus × wisetonensis plants grown in containers (14 cm diameter). Inoculum that consisted of wheat kernels infested with mycelia and sclerotia of each isolate was placed on the soil surface around the base of previously artificially wounded or nonwounded plants. Noninoculated plants served as controls. All plants were maintained outdoors where temperatures ranged between 8 and 15°C. Inoculated plants developed symptoms of leaf yellowing, followed by wilt, within 7 to 10 days, while control plants remained symptomless. White mycelia and sclerotia developed on infected tissues and S. sclerotiorum was reisolated from inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of stem blight of C. carpatica and Schizanthus × wisetonensis caused by S. sclerotiorum in Italy. The disease was previously observed on C. carpatica in Great Britain (2) and on Schizanthus sp. in the United States (1). References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1989. (2) J. Rees. Welsh J. Agric. 1:188, 1925.

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Interploid Hybridizations in Ornamental Cherries Using Prunus maackii

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898.30.2.89 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 89-92

Author(s):

Margaret Pooler ◽

Hongmei Ma ◽

David Kidwell-Slak

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Pest Resistance ◽

The United States ◽

Tetraploid Species ◽

Genetic Base ◽

Flowering Cherry ◽

New Cultivars

The United States National Arboretum has an ongoing flowering cherry (Prunus) breeding program aimed at broadening the genetic base of cultivated ornamental cherries by developing new cultivars with disease and pest resistance, tolerance to environmental stresses, and superior ornamental characteristics. Interploid crosses, specifically 2X × 4X, in ornamental Prunus would be beneficial in breeding because they could allow introgression of traits not available in the diploid germplasm (pest resistance, cold hardiness), and could result in the creation of seedless triploids that would not set nuisance fruit and possibly have extended bloom durations. This report documents successful hybridization of P. maackii (Manchurian or Amur cherry), a tetraploid species, with P. campanulata, P. ‘Umineko’, and P. maximowiczii, all diploid species. Chromosomes of one of these resulting triploid hybrids were successfully doubled using oryzalin in tissue culture to create a hexaploid plant.

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Antiepileptic Medication Use in Neurosurgical Patients

Medical Management of Neurosurgical Patients ◽

10.1093/med/9780190913779.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 74-87

Author(s):

Megan Margiotta ◽

Timothy Ambrose

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Medication Use ◽

The United States ◽

Inpatient Setting ◽

Risks And Benefits ◽

Antiepileptic Medication ◽

Neurosurgical Patients ◽

Potential Risks ◽

Antiepileptic Medications

When caring for neurosurgical patients, many will either be started on a new antiepileptic medication or will be continued on a regimen that had been started prior to hospitalization. Because of this, it is important for a hospitalist to be familiar with the potential risks and benefits of these medications, even though they may be initiated by a neurosurgeon or neurologist. This chapter discusses several common antiepileptic drugs and their uses in the inpatient setting. This is not intended to be an exhaustive discussion; as of this writing, there are at least 27 unique antiepileptic medications available in the United States alone, with more being studied and produced.

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Caprica Energy and Its Choices

Darden Business Publishing Cases ◽

10.1108/case.darden.2016.000057 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Jared D. Harris ◽

Samuel E. Bodily ◽

Jenny Mead ◽

Donald Adolphson ◽

Brad Carmack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Coalbed Methane ◽

The United States ◽

Gas Production ◽

Potential Harm ◽

Natural Gas Development ◽

Unconventional Natural Gas ◽

Potential Risks ◽

Different Parts

Jane Barrow, CEO of Caprica Energy, must recommend to the board which of three potential “unconventional ” natural-gas development sites in different parts of the United States the company should pursue. The case takes place in January 2011, when the “low-hanging fruit ” of natural-gas production in the United States had essentially been picked. All three of the potential sites (shale, coalbed methane, and tight sands) would require hydraulic fracturing, a process of removing gas that was formerly considered inaccessible by injecting water and chemicals into the ground. Because of emerging concerns about the potential harm “fracking ” can do to drinking water, Barrow must not only analyze which site might be most profitable but also what the potential risks to the environment and area residents might be.

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Patterns of high-intensity drinking among young adults in the United States: A repeated measures latent class analysis

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.06.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 134-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Megan E. Patrick ◽

Yvonne M. Terry-McElrath ◽

John E. Schulenberg ◽

Bethany C. Bray

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Young Adults ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

High Intensity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Latent Class ◽

The United States ◽

Class Analysis

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Baseline Toxicity of the Insecticides Bifenthrin and Thiamethoxam on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Collected From the Eastern United States

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz361 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 1043-1046

Author(s):

Adam Alford ◽

Thomas P Kuhar ◽

George C Hamilton ◽

Peter Jentsch ◽

Grzgorz Krawczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

The United States ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Agronomic Crops ◽

Baseline Levels ◽

Topical Applications

Abstract Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive species in the United States that attacks a wide variety of agricultural commodities including fruits, vegetables, agronomic crops, and ornamental plants. Populations of H. halys adults were collected from four and six states in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and tested using topical applications to establish baseline levels of susceptibility to two commonly used insecticides, bifenthrin and thiamethoxam. A Probit-estimated (95% fiducial limits) LD50 and LD99 of 2.64 g AI/L (1.2–3.84 g AI/L) and 84.96 g AI/L (35.76–716.16 g AI/L) for bifenthrin, and a LD50 and LD99 of 0.05 g AI/liter (1.14E-5–0.27 g AI/L) and 150.11 g AI/L (27.35–761,867 g AI/L) for thiamethoxam, respectively. These baseline levels can be used for future insecticide resistance monitoring in H. halys.

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