scholarly journals Flies Do Not Jump to Conclusions: Estimation of the Minimum Post-Mortem Interval for a Partly Skeletonized Body Based on Larvae of Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Senta Niederegger ◽  
Gita Mall
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Other Hand

Skeletonization is often perceived as an indicator of long post-mortem intervals. The finding of feeding larvae of first colonizers, on the other hand, indicates days. We present a case in which both findings were present. Larvae of Phormia regina, aged 9 days, and skeletonization of the head and part of the thorax were both found on an unidentified female body. Identification of dentures eventually led to resolution of the case and a confession, which settled the seeming contradiction in favor of forensic entomology.

scholarly journals Impact of Comingled Heterospecific Assemblages on Developmentally Based Estimates of the Post-Mortem Interval—A Study with Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Phormia regina (Meigen) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Krystal R. Hans ◽  
Sherah L. Vanlaerhoven
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Estimates of the minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) using the development rate of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are common in modern forensic entomology casework. These estimates are based on single species developing in the absence of heterospecific interactions. Yet, in real-world situations, it is not uncommon to have 2 or more blow fly species developing on a body. Species interactions have the potential to change the acceptance of resources as suitable for oviposition, the timing of oviposition, growth rate, size and development time of immature stages, as well as impacting the survival of immature stages to reach adult. This study measured larval development and growth rate of the blow flies Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) over five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C), in the presence of conspecifics or two-species heterospecific assemblages. Temperature and species treatment interacted such that L. sericata larvae gained mass more rapidly when in the presence of P. regina at 20 and 30 °C, however only developed faster at first instar. At later stages, the presence of P. regina slowed development of L. sericata immatures. Development time of C. vicina immatures was not affected by the presence of P. regina, however larvae gained mass more slowly. Development time of P. regina immatures was faster in the presence of either L. sericata or C. vicina until third instar, at which point, the presence of L. sericata was neutral whereas C. vicina negatively impacted development time. Phormia regina larvae gained mass more rapidly in the presence of L. sericata at 20 °C but were negatively impacted at 25 °C by the presence of either L. sericata or C. vicina. The results of this study indicate that metrics such as development time or larval mass used for estimating mPMI with blow flies are impacted by the presence of comingled heterospecific blow fly assemblages. As the effects of heterospecific assemblages are not uniformly positive or negative between stages, temperatures or species combinations, more research into these effects is vital. Until then, caution should be used when estimating mPMI in cases with multiple blow fly species interacting on a body.

scholarly journals Forensic entomology research and application in southern Africa: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danisile Tembe ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Criminal Investigations ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The use of forensic entomology is well established in the northern hemisphere, but is still emerging in the southern hemisphere, where most of the current research is not explicitly undertaken in the context of forensics. In this review, we provide an update on the current status of forensic entomology research and its application in relation to estimation of post-mortem interval in various criminal investigations ranging from murder cases, cases of human neglect and the poaching of wildlife in southern Africa, among other issues. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost databases. The studies reviewed were focused on arthropod diversity during different stages of carcass decomposition, effect of seasons on the abundance and diversity of carrion feeding arthropod species during carcass decomposition, and diurnal and nocturnal oviposition of forensically important insect species during carcass decomposition. It was further observed that arthropod species that established on a decomposing carcass are potentially useful in the estimation of post-mortem interval and determining clues in cases of criminal investigations. The review confirmed the paucity of research in forensic entomology, and its application in southern Africa. Future studies on the research and application of forensic entomology in various criminal investigation scenarios – such as murder cases, human neglect, and wildlife poaching in southern Africa – are therefore needed. Significance: • Forensic entomology research and its application is lagging in southern Africa. • There is seasonal variation in the arthropod species used for estimation of post-mortem intervals in southern Africa. • Identification of arthropod species diversity in the region has potential for application in forensic investigations.

Post Mortem Makes a Difference: On a Redescription of Euhemerism and Its Place in the Study of Graeco-Roman Divine Kingship

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas P. Roubekas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Theory Of Religion ◽  
Lost Work ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Divine Kingship

Abstract Euhemerus of Messene is one of the most popular ancient theorists of religion. In his now lost work Sacred Inscription he formulated a theory of religion by arguing that the Olympian gods were nothing more than prominent kings that were deified due to their benefactions to mankind. On the other hand, true divinity was to be found in the natural phenomena. However, this theory – known as euhemerism – has been (ab)used in many ways due to the different interpretative agendas of various authors and critics. In this paper I argue that euhemerism needs a new interpretation, a redescription, based primarily on a rereading of the text. In addition, by showing the different usages of the text by Euhemerus’s contemporaries and the early Christian writers, I argue that the connection of his theory with the practice of deification of kings in the Graeco-Roman world should be dismissed and reexamined by taking into account contemporary responses to his work that show that his theory was not meant as a justification for the deification of the Graeco-Roman kings.

Intimations of Immortality in the Thought of Jesus: The Ingersoll Lecture for 1959

1960 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Henry J. Cadbury
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resurrection Of The Dead ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Immortality Of The Soul ◽  
Technical Terms

The historic Ingersoll lectureship on the Immortality of Man requires of the lecturer both some legitimate extension of its terms and some necessary limitation of his field. One is justified in supposing that the pious layman who planned the foundation was not thinking in highly technical terms, but like laymen of our day was thinking of a widely shared belief in the post mortem survival or revival of those who die. If he had wished to specify the indiscriminate persistence of the individual as a philosophical tenet of the nature of man, he could well have used the more familiar term — the immortality of the soul. On the other hand, if he had wished to be faithful to the wording of much of the Bible and to the Church's creeds, he would have spoken of the Resurrection of the Dead.

Estimation of post-mortem interval for a drowning case by using flies (Diptera) in Central-South China: Implications for forensic entomology

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ying ◽  
C. Yaoqing ◽  
G. Yadong ◽  
Z. Lagabaiyila ◽  
L. Longjiang
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Central South

Estimation of Insect Age for Assessing Minimum Post-Mortem Interval in Forensic Entomology Casework

2020 ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Davide Pigoli ◽  
Martin J.R. Hall ◽  
John A.D. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

scholarly journals Post-Mortem Interval Estimation Based on Insect Evidence: Current Challenges

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Szymon Matuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Pmi Estimation

During death investigations insects are used mostly to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). These estimates are only as good as they are close to the true PMI. Therefore, the major challenge for forensic entomology is to reduce the estimation inaccuracy. Here, I review literature in this field to identify research areas that may contribute to the increase in the accuracy of PMI estimation. I conclude that research on the development and succession of carrion insects, thermogenesis in aggregations of their larvae and error rates of the PMI estimation protocols should be prioritized. Challenges of educational and promotional nature are discussed as well, particularly in relation to the collection of insect evidence.

Postmortem Diagnosis of Hypertonic Dehydration by Chemical Analysis of Vitreous Humor

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2650-2653
Author(s):  
Simona Irina Damian ◽  
Paul Nedelea ◽  
Sofia David ◽  
Anton Knieling ◽  
Sorin Moldoveanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Postmortem Diagnosis ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
Survival Interval

The aim of forensic autopsy is to accurately reconstitute, as much as possible, the circumstances of death (the cause of death and the mechanism of death, the post-mortem interval, the related pathology and its role, the survival interval). Post-mortem biochemical analyses can help to various extents in establishing these issues. In order to elucidate the issue of post-mortem biochemical investigations, we conducted an analysis of forensic casuistry within a delimited territory, for a period of 3 years in order to identify the elements necessary for the diagnosis of hypertonic dehydration. By grouping the cases depending on the immediate cause of death, the diagnosis criteria for hypertonic dehydration showed the possibility of performing the differential diagnosis by biochemical analyses performed in vitreous humor (sodium, chlorine, urea, creatinine), the criteria being not met in any of the other groups.

scholarly journals Virtual forensic entomology: Improving estimates of minimum post-mortem interval with 3D micro-computed tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron S. Richards ◽  
Thomas J. Simonsen ◽  
Richard L. Abel ◽  
Martin J.R. Hall ◽  
Daniel A. Schwyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

scholarly journals Post-mortem Photography: the Edge Where Life Meets Death?

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melania Borgo ◽  
Marta Licata ◽  
Silvia Iorio
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Memento Mori ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Victorian Age ◽  
As If

AbstractWhy would we ever take a picture of a dead person? This practice began as a way to perpetuate the image of the deceased, rendering their memory eternal – Victorians thought that it could be useful to have portraits of their dead loved ones. Certainly, subjects inpost-mortemphotos will be remembered forever. However, we must ask two more questions. Are they people portrayed as if they were still alive? Or on the other hand, are they bodies that represent death? Our paper takes an in-depth look at different iconographical styles as well as photographic techniques and religious and ethical reasons behindmemento moriphotos during the Victorian Age.

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