scholarly journals Collaborative Response of the Host and Symbiotic Lignocellulytic System to Non-Lethal Toxic Stress in Coptotermes formosanus Skiraki

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Wenhui Zeng ◽  
Bingrong Liu ◽  
Wenjing Wu ◽  
Shijun Zhang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Toxic Stress ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Low Toxic ◽  
Symbiotic Community

Disturbing the lignocellulose digestive system of termites is considered to be a promising approach for termite control. The research on the tolerance mechanism of the termite lignocellulose digestive system to harmful environment conditions is limited. In this study, we keep Coptotermes formosanus Skiraki under a non-lethal toxic condition by feeding the termites with filter paper containing the kojic acid (a low toxic insecticide). The effects of low toxic stress on the activities and gene expressions of host/symbiotic originated lignocellulases, and on the symbiotic microbial community structure of C. formosanus were explored. Our result showed that the low toxic stress would lead to the synchronous decrease of cellulase and hemicellulase activities, and supplementary increase of corresponding gene expressions. The symbiotic community maintained its role as the main force in the lignocellulolytic system of C. formosanus. Meanwhile, a large number of rare taxa were significantly enriched by kojic acid treatment. These numerically inconspicuous bacterial populations might be responsible for the functions similar to phenoloxidase or insecticide detoxification and enable C. formosanus to tolerate the harmful environment. Overall, our data suggested that the digestive adaptation of C. formosanus to physiotoxic feeding is closely related to the triple collaboration of termites–flagellates–bacteria.

Microbiological and Sensory Attributes of Retail Cuts of Beef Treated with Acetic and Lactic Acid Solutions

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHRYN L. KOTULA ◽  
RAVINDRANATH THELAPPURATE
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Retail Cuts

This research characterized the effect of 0.6 and 1.2% acetic and lactic acids applied for 20 and 120 s at a temperature of 1 to 2°C on total colony forming units (CFU) and Escherichia coli counts, and sensory qualities including shear value, expressible moisture, color and sensory panel of retail cuts of beef rib steaks. Microbial inhibition was directly proportional to the concentration and times of treatment with a 1.2% acid treatment for 120 s being the most effective treatment for reducing microbial counts, for both acids. Although there were significant reductions (p <0.05) in bacterial populations, these reductions which had a maximum of 2.0 log, were of questionable practical significance. The inhibitory effect of the acids decreased with storage time, up to 9 days. Treatment with both the acids resulted in paler meat (p <0.05) than the non-treated control. There were no significant differences (p >0.05) in shear values or expressible moisture due to acid treatment. Sensory panels reported only small differences between the samples. These results indicate that an aqueous acetic or lactic acid treatment of retail beef reduced total CFU and E. coli numbers immediately after treatment, but the magnitude was less than 1 log. However, a residual influence was observed so that after 3 and 9 days both acid treatments inhibited total CPU and E. coli growth by up to 2 logs compared with the non-treated control samples.

Regulation of URG4/URGCP and PPARα gene expressions after retinoic acid treatment in neuroblastoma cells

Tumor Biology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 3853-3857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cigir Biray Avci ◽  
Yavuz Dodurga ◽  
Gulsah Gundogdu ◽  
Hasan Onur Caglar ◽  
Vural Kucukatay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Retinoic Acid Treatment

scholarly journals NMR studies on lignocellulose deconstructions in the digestive system of the lower termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didi Tarmadi ◽  
Yuki Tobimatsu ◽  
Masaomi Yamamura ◽  
Takuji Miyamoto ◽  
Yasuyuki Miyagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Lower Termite ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki

Details of the digestive system in the midgut of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Fujita ◽  
Masaru Hojo ◽  
Tetsuo Aoyagi ◽  
Yoshinobu Hayashi ◽  
Gaku Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki

In-Plant Evaluation of a Lactic Acid Treatment for Reduction of Bacteria on Chilled Beef Carcasses†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CASTILLO ◽  
L. M. LUCIA ◽  
I. MERCADO ◽  
G. R. ACUFF
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Beef Carcasses

The effectiveness of a lactic acid treatment consisting of spraying a 4% l-lactic acid solution (55°C at source) on chilled beef carcasses to reduce bacterial populations was tested in a commercial slaughter environment. All carcasses had been treated with a proprietary decontamination treatment composed of a hot water spray followed by a lactic acid spray prior to chilling. Bacterial groups used to indicate reductions included aerobic plate count (APC), total coliform count, and Escherichia coli count, and samples were examined from the brisket, the clod, and the neck regions of 40 untreated and 40 treated carcass sides. Depending on the carcass surface region, APCs were reduced by 3.0 to 3.3 log cycles. Log coliform and E. coli counts were consistently reduced to undetectable levels. The small reductions observed for coliforms are attributable to counts on untreated carcasses already being near the lower detection limit of the counting method. The percentage of samples with detectable numbers of coliforms (positive samples) on untreated carcasses ranged from 52.5 to 92.5%, while 0.0% of the samples collected from treated carcasses contained detectable coliforms. Percent E. coli-positive samples ranged from 7.5 to 30.0% on untreated carcasses and 0.0% after treatment of carcass sides. These results indicate that a hot lactic acid spray with increased concentration and time of application may be effectively implemented for an additional decontamination treatment of chilled beef carcasses prior to fabrication.

scholarly journals Upregulation of p53 by tannic acid treatment suppresses the proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-602
Author(s):  
Serdar Karakurt ◽  
Sinan Kandir ◽  
Çiğdem Gökçek-Saraç
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Human Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Ht 29 ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The present study’s objective is to clarify the molecular mechanisms of tannic acid effects on the viability of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Tannic acid is stable for up to 48 h and is localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. It dose-dependently inhibited the viability of CRC cell lines; SW-620 and HT-29 with IC 50 values of 7.2 ± 0.8 and 37.6 ± 1.4 µmol L–1. Besides, metastatic, invasive, and colony formation properties of CRC cells were significantly inhibited following the tannic acid treatment (p < 0.001). Tannic acid has been found to modulate enzyme, protein, and gene expressions of NQO1 in different levels and the upregulation of protein/gene expressions of p53 (p < 0.001), which leads the cells to trigger apoptosis. In conclusion, the present in vitro study may supply a significant background for in vivo studies in which the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant and chemopreventive activities of tannic acid will completely clarify.

Fasciaton of Pectate Elementary Fibrils

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
George F. Leeper
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Pectic Acid ◽  
Elementary Fibrils

Polysaccharide elementary fibrils are usually fasciated into microfibrils of from one hundred to a few hundred Angstroms wide. Cellulose microfibrils when subjected to acid treatment dissociate into component elementary fibrils. For pectic acid it was observed that variations in pH could cause a change in the fasciation of the elementary fibrils.Solutions of purified pectic acid and sodium phosphotungtate were adjusted to various pH levels with NaOH or HCl and diluted to give a final concentration of 0.5 and 1% for the polysaccharide and negative stains respectively. Micrographs were made of the samples after drying on a carbon film covered grid. The average number of elementary fibrils was determined by counting the number of elementary fibrils in each fascicle intersected by lines drawn across the micrograph.

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