scholarly journals Mosquito-Textile Physics: A Mathematical Roadmap to Insecticide-Free, Bite-Proof Clothing for Everyday Life

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Kun Luan ◽  
Andre J. West ◽  
Marian G. McCord ◽  
Emiel A. DenHartog ◽  
Quan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Filter Fabrics ◽  
Biting Behavior

Garments treated with chemical insecticides are commonly used to prevent mosquito bites. Resistance to insecticides, however, is threatening the efficacy of this technology, and people are increasingly concerned about the potential health impacts of wearing insecticide-treated clothing. Here, we report a mathematical model for fabric barriers that resist bites from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on textile physical structure and no insecticides. The model was derived from mosquito morphometrics and analysis of mosquito biting behavior. Woven filter fabrics, precision polypropylene plates, and knitted fabrics were used for model validation. Then, based on the model predictions, prototype knitted textiles and garments were developed that prevented mosquito biting, and comfort testing showed the garments to possess superior thermophysiological properties. Our fabrics provided a three-times greater bite resistance than the insecticide-treated cloth. Our predictive model can be used to develop additional textiles in the future for garments that are highly bite resistant to mosquitoes.

Planetary Health, Climate Change, and Lifestyle Medicine: Threats and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110081
Author(s):  
Neha Pathak ◽  
Amanda McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Lifestyle Medicine ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Global environmental degradation and climate change threaten the foundation of human health and well-being. In a confluence of crises, the accelerating pace of climate change and other environmental disruptions pose an additional, preventable danger to a global population that is both aging and carrying a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Climate change and environmental disruption function as “threat multipliers,” especially for those with NCDs, worsening the potential health impacts on those with suboptimal health. At the same time, these environmental factors threaten the basic pillars of health and prevention, increasing the risk of developing chronic disease. In the face of these threats, the core competencies of lifestyle medicine (LM) present crucial opportunities to mitigate climate change and human health impacts while also allowing individuals and communities to build resilience. LM health professionals are uniquely positioned to coach patients toward climate-healthy behavior changes that heal both people and the planet.

CH4 Direct Reduction of In-Flight Fe3O4 Concentrate Particles

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Abolpour ◽  
M. Mehdi Afsahi ◽  
Ataallah Soltani Goharrizi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Dynamic Motion ◽  
Magnetite Ore ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract In this study, reduction of in-flight fine particles of magnetite ore concentrate by methane at a constant heat flux has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. A 3D turbulent mathematical model was developed to simulate the dynamic motion of these particles in a methane content reactor and experiments were conducted to evaluate the model. The kinetics of the reaction were obtained using an optimizing method as: [-Ln(1-X)]1/2.91 = 1.02 × 10−2dP−2.07CCH40.16exp(−1.78 × 105/RT)t. The model predictions were compared with the experimental data and the data had an excellent agreement.

Potential health impacts of increasing the cigarette tax in Viet Nam

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1382
Author(s):  
H. V. Minh ◽  
N. T. Duyen ◽  
T. T. Ngan ◽  
N. B. Ngoc ◽  
D. T. Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Impacts ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Cigarette Tax

A mathematical model of rat collecting duct II. Effect of buffer delivery on urinary acidification

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (6) ◽  
pp. F1252-F1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Urinary Acidification ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Disequilibrium Ph ◽  
Urinary Acid

A mathematical model of the rat collecting duct (CD) is used to examine the effect of delivered load of bicarbonate and nonbicarbonate buffer on urinary acidification. Increasing the delivered load of HCO[Formula: see text] produces bicarbonaturia, and, with luminal carbonic anhydrase absent, induces a disequilibrium luminal pH and a postequilibration increase in urinary Pco 2. At baseline flows, this disequilibrium disappears when luminal carbonic anhydrase rate coefficients reach 1% of full catalysis. The magnitude of the equilibration Pco 2 depends on the product of urinary acid phosphate concentration and the disequilibrium pH. Thus, although increasing phosphate delivery to the CD decreases the disequilibrium pH, the increase in urinary phosphate concentration yields an overall increase in postequilibration Pco 2. In simulations of experimental HCO[Formula: see text] loading in the rat, model predictions of urinary Pco 2 exceed the measured Pco 2 of bladder urine. In part, the higher model predictions for urinary Pco 2 may reflect higher urinary flow rates and lower urinary phosphate concentrations in the experimental preparations. However, when simulation of CD function during HCO[Formula: see text] loading acknowledges the high ambient renal medullary Pco 2 (5), the predicted urinary Pco 2 of the model CD is yet that much greater. This discrepancy cannot be resolved within the model but requires additional experimental data, namely, concomitant determination of urinary buffer concentrations within the tubule fluid sampled for Pco 2 and pH. This model should provide a means for simulating formal testing of urinary acidification and thus for examining hypotheses regarding transport defects underlying distal renal tubular acidosis.

scholarly journals Distribution and potential health impacts of microplastics and microrubbers in air and street dusts from Asaluyeh County, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Abbasi ◽  
Behnam Keshavarzi ◽  
Farid Moore ◽  
Andrew Turner ◽  
Frank J. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Impacts ◽  
Potential Health

scholarly journals Modelling Macrophage Infiltration into Avascular Tumours

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Kelly ◽  
R. D. Leek ◽  
H. M. Byrne ◽  
S. M. Cox ◽  
A. L. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Numerical Techniques ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Independent Experimental Data

In this paper a mathematical model that describes macrophage infiltration into avascular tumours is presented. The qualitative accuracy of the model is assessed by comparing numerical results with independent experimental data that describe the infiltration of macrophages into two types of spheroids: chemoattractant-producing (hepa-1) and chemoattractant-deficient (or C4) spheroids. A combination of analytical and numerical techniques are used to show how the infiltration pattern depends on the motility mechanisms involved (i.e. random motion and chemotaxis) and to explain the observed differences in macrophage infiltration into the hepa-1 and C4 spheroids. Model predictions are generated to show how the spheroid's size and spatial structure and the ability of its constituent cells influence macrophage infiltration. For example, chemoattractant-producing spheroids are shown to recruit larger numbers of macrophages than chemoattractant-deficient spheroids of the same size and spatial structure. The biological implications of these results are also discussed briefly.

Comparative Acute Toxicity of Shale and Petroleum Derived Distillates

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Clark ◽  
Paul W. Ferguson ◽  
Mark A. Katchen ◽  
Michael W. Dennis ◽  
Douglas K. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Distillate Fractions ◽  
Comparative Acute Toxicity

In anticipation of the commercialization of its shale oil retorting and upgrading process, Unocal Corp. conducted a testing program aimed at better defining potential health impacts of a shale industry. Acute toxicity studies using rats and rabbits compared the effects of naphtha, Jet-A, JP-4, diesel and “residual” distillate fractions of both petroleum derived crude oils and hydrotreated shale oil. No differences in the acute oral (> 5 g/kg LD50) and dermal (> 2 g/kg LD50) toxicities were noted between the shale and petroleum derived distillates and none of the samples were more than mildly irritating to the eyes. Shale and petroleum products caused similar degrees of mild to moderate skin irritation. None of the materials produced sensitization reactions. The LC50 after acute inhalation exposure to Jet-A, shale naphtha, (> 5 mg/L) and JP-4 distillate fractions of petroleum and shale oils was greater than 5 mg/L. The LC50 of petroleum naphtha (> 4.8 mg/L) and raw shale oil (> 3.95 mg/L) also indicated low toxicity. Results demonstrate that shale oil products are of low acute toxicity, mild to moderately irritating and similar to their petroleum counterparts. The results further demonstrate that hydrotreatment reduces the irritancy of raw shale oil.

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