scholarly journals Reclassification of Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiini) from Amaranthaceae, with Description of Ten New Species Based on an Integrative Taxonomic Study

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Netta Dorchin ◽  
Einat Shachar ◽  
Ariel Leib Leonid Friedman ◽  
Omri Bronstein
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
First Descriptions

The genus Halodiplosis includes 99 species restricted to host-plants of the Amaranthaceae, virtually all of which are from Central Asia. The discovery of numerous undescribed species putatively belonging to this genus in Israel instigated an exhaustive review of the original descriptions of all known species in this genus. This study revealed that the generic concept of Halodiplosis and some of the genera synonymized under it should be redefined based on morphological and life-history attributes, such that Halodiplosis is limited to only 13 species developing in plant tissues without obvious gall formation or as inquilines in galls of other cecidomyiids. Revised status were proposed for Asiodiplosis, Onodiplosis, and Desertomyia, all species of which are gall inducers. A detailed morphological study of the Israeli species combined with data on their life history and an analysis of mitochondrial COI and 16S gene sequences revealed nine gall-inducing species belonging to Asiodiplosis and one inquilinous species belonging to Halodiplosis. All ten species (Asiodiplosis admirabilis n.sp., A. bimoda n.sp., A. delicatula n.sp., A. largifica n.sp., A. mohicana n.sp., A. mucronata n.sp., A. paradoxa n.sp., A. pillosaeconspicua n.sp., A. stellata n.sp., and Halodiplosis fugax n.sp.) are described here as new to science, including the first descriptions of larvae and pupae for these genera.

scholarly journals An Integrative Study on Asphondylia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Causing Flower Galls on Lamiaceae, with Description, Phenology, and Associated Fungi of Two New Species

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Umberto Bernardo ◽  
Francesco Nugnes ◽  
Simona Gargiulo ◽  
Rosario Nicoletti ◽  
Andrea Becchimanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Integrative Study

An integrative study on some species of Asphondylia was carried out. Two species of gall midges from Italy, Asphondylia rivelloi sp. nov. and Asphondylia micromeriae sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), causing flower galls respectively on Clinopodium vulgare and Micromeria graeca (Lamiaceae), are described and illustrated. The characteristics of each developmental stage and induced galls are described, which allowed the discrimination of these new species in the complex of Asphondylia developing on Lamiaceae plants. Molecular data based on sequencing both nuclear (ITS2 and 28S-D2) and mitochondrial (COI) genes are also provided in support of this discrimination. Phylogeny based on nuclear markers is consistent with the new species, whereas COI phylogeny suggests introgression occurring between the two species. However, these species can also be easily identified using a morphological approach. Phenology of host plants and gall midges are described, and some peculiar characteristics allow the complete and confident discrimination and revision of the treated species. Gall-associated fungi were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea,Alternaria spp., and Cladosporium spp.

scholarly journals Fauna, trophic connections, and morpho-functional adaptations of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) forming parenchymal leaf galls of arboreal and shrubby plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.А. Федотова
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Trophic Connections ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
World Fauna

Галлицы, образующие паренхимные листовые галлы на древеснокустарниковых растениях, в мировой фауне представлены 108 видами 38 родов 12 триб, большинство относятся к подсемейству Lasiopterinae (65 видов, 25 родов). Они образуют галлы на 123 видах растений 37 родов, принадлежащих 20 семействам 15 порядков из клад Superrosids (47 видов галлиц), Superasterids (60 видов) и Eudicots (1 вид). Наибольшее количество галлиц (64 вида, 13 родов) относится к 5 порядкам продвинутой клады Superasterids (Caryophyllales, Cornales, Asterales, Dipsacales и Lamiales). Остальные 44 вида из 25 родов относятся к 10 порядкам более архаичных клад Eudicots (Buxales) и Superrosids (Fabales, Rosales, Fagales, Malpigiales, Celastrales, Myrtales, Malvales, Sapindales, Saxifragales). Наибольшее обилие растенийхозяев во влажных местообитаниях выявлено в кладе Sapindales на этих растениях развивается 15 видов галлиц из 6 родов и на растениях клады Fagales 13 видов из 7 родов. В аридных местообитаниях на растениях из клады Caryophyllales (Amaranthaceae и Polygonaceae) выявлено 56 видов из 7 родов специфической трибы Baldratiini. Среди растенийхозяев травянистые растения представлены порядками Campanulids (Asterales) и Lamiids (Lamiales), среди которых доминируют Asterales. Выделены группы родов галлиц, которые отличаются по степени морфофункциональных адаптаций имаго при галлообразовании и связям с растениямихозяевами: специфические по отношению к родам растенийхозяев и неспецифические (1 род галлиц связан с несколькими родами одного или нескольких семейств растений). Выявлено 13 монотипических родов галлиц, что составляет 36,1 от 38 родов, виды которых образуют паренхимные галлы. Доля специфических родов галлиц 57,9 (22 из 36). К монотипическим родам относятся галлицы, имеющие специфические яйцеклады колющего типа (Monarthropalpus Rbs., Atraphaxiola Fedotova, Probruggmanniella Mhn и Ribesia Gagn). Также архаичные связи галлиц с растениями проявляются у видов Drisina Giard, Acerovesiculomyia Fedotova, Litchiomyia Yang, Mikomya Kief. (яйцеклады лопастного типа), которые откладывают яйца на поверхность листьев растений одного семейства (Sapindaceae, Sapindales), занимающего центральное место в филогенетическом древе Angiospermae. Эти примеры косвенное свидетельство перехода галлиц к галлообразованию в период процветания цветковых растений. Паренхимные галлицы известны на основных лесообразующих породах. Некоторые виды являются опасными вредителями декоративных и пищевых растений. Адвентивные виды паренхимных галлиц выявлены во всех зоогеографических областях. Gall midges forming parenchymal leaf galls on trees and shrubs in the world fauna are represented by 108 species (38 genera of 12 tribes), most of which belong to the subfamily Lasiopterinae (65 species of 25 genera). They form galls on 123 plant species (37 genera belonging to 20 families) of 15 orders from the clades of Superrosids (47 gall midges), Superasterids (60 sp.), and Eudicots (1 sp.). The highest number of gall midges (64 species of 13 genera) belong to 5 orders of the advanced clade Superasterids (Caryophyllales, Cornales, Asterales, Dipsacales, and Lamiales). The remaining 44 species of 25 genera belong to 10 orders of the more archaic clades of Eudicots (Buxales) and Superrosids (Fabales, Rosales, Fagales, Malpigiales, Celastrales, Myrtales, Malvales, Sapindales, Saxifragales). The greatest number of host plants in humid habitats was found in Sapindales, on which develop 15 species of gall midges belonging to 6 genera and on the clade Fagales develop 13 species of 7 genera. Among arid species the greatest number found in Caryophyllales (Amaranthaceae and Polygonaceae) 56 species of 7 genera of the specific tribe Baldratiini. Herb host plants are represented by the Campanulids (Asterales) and Lamiids (Lamiales) orders, among which Asterales dominates. Groups of gall midges that differ in the degree of morphofunctional adaptations of adults during gall formation and connections with host plants were identified: specific for host genera and nonspecific (1 genus of gall midges is associated with several genera of one or several plant families). In total, 13 monotypic genera of gall midges forming parenchymal galls were identified (34.2 of 36 genera). The proportion of specific genera of gall midges is 57,9 (22 of 38). Monotypic genera include gall midges with specific piercingtype ovipositors (Monarthropalpus Rbs., Atraphaxiola Fedotova, Probruggmanniella Mhn и Ribesia Gagn). Also, the archaic connections of gall midges with plants are manifested in the species Drisina Giard, Acerovesiculomyia Fedotova, Litchiomyia Yang, Mikomya Kief. (lobed eggfolds) that lay eggs on the surface of the leaves of plants of one family (Sapindaceae, Sapindales), which occupies a central place in the phylogenetic tree of Angiospermae. These examples are indirect evidence of the transition of gall midges to gall formation during the period of flourishing of flowering plants. Parenchymal gall midges are known on the main forestforming species, and they are dangerous pests of ornamental and food plants. Adventive species of parenchymal gall midges are found in all zoogeographical regions.

A Comparison of a Group of Gall Midges of the Genus Thomasiniana Strand, E. 1916 and a Description of a new Species from wild Blackberry

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
A New Species

A comparison is made of all the members of the genus Thomasiniana Strand at present known from Rosaceous host-plants, namely T. oculiperda (Rübs.), the Red Bud Borer; T. theobaldi Barnes, the Raspberry Cane Midge; T. crataegi Barnes, the Hawthorn Stem Midge and a hitherto undescribed species from wild blackberry. Although morphologically very similar, each can be readily distinguished in trials on host-plant preference. By this means it has also been shown that there are two strains, favouring apple and rose respectively, within the present species T. oculiperda. Other biological and some morphological evidence is given, supporting the above conclusions, and on this basis the midge from blackberry is put forward as a new species for which the names Thomasiniana fruticosi, sp. n. and “Blackberry Cane Midge” are proposed and a formal description given. The biological and economic status of each species or strain is discussed and a list of the known parasites given.

Tortoise beetles of an Atlantic Forest remnant in south Minas Gerais, Brazil: host plants and life history

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-60
Author(s):  
Paula A. A. Gomes ◽  
Marcel G. Hermes ◽  
Flávia R. Fernandes ◽  
Fernando A. Frieiro-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Forest Remnant

scholarly journals Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yume Imada
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Functional Explanations

Abstract Different physical structures play a central role in animal camouflage. However, in evolutionary studies of mimicry, the ecological and evolutionary significance of such structures has been poorly investigated. Larvae of long-bodied craneflies, Cylindrotominae, are all obligate herbivores and resemble plants. They are distinctively characterized by possessing numerous elongated cuticular lobes on the integument. A comprehensive overview of the biology and morphology of cylindrotomids, particularly their larval stages, is laid out, providing original data on nine species. To explore the ecological background of moss resemblance, host-plants of most examined species are clarified, revealing that terrestrial moss-feeding species tend to use specific groups of mosses, either belonging to Bryales or Hypnales. However, the evolution of cryptic forms remains paradoxical, due to the apparent absence of visual predators. Based on histological examinations, extensive internal musculatures within the cuticular lobes on the lateral side are discovered, shedding new light on their function in locomotion. Traditional functional explanations for these lobes, particularly as devices for respiration, locomotion and attachment, are challenged. This study promotes our understanding of the ecomorphology of mimicry devices, which is an angle often dismissed in evolutionary studies of mimicry.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

Five new deep-sea species of nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Cladobranchia) from the Northeast Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4526 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÁNGEL VALDÉS ◽  
LONNY LUNDSTEN ◽  
NERIDA G. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
System Information

Increased exploration of northeastern Pacific deep-sea habitats has revealed a diverse and often poorly-known invertebrate community, including a number of undescribed species of nudibranchs studied herein. We used morphology to distinguish several new species from their congeners, and generated data where possible for mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear markers (H3) to place them in a phylogenetic context. We described here Tritonia nigritigris sp. nov., Dendronotus claguei sp. nov., Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., Cuthona methana sp. nov., Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov. and redescribed Zeusia herculea (Bergh, 1894). Another species of Tritonia is described but not named due to the absence of reproductive system information. Although there are difficulties in collection from deep-sea habitats, only two of our new species are known from single specimens. As with many other deep-sea regions, we expect the number of new species from this region to increase with further exploration. Because the deep regions of the northeast Pacific are particularly vulnerable to the effects of decreasing oxygenation due to climate change, we consider that documenting this fauna has some level of urgency. 

scholarly journals The application of life history information to the conservation management of Chrysoritis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Terblanche ◽  
H. Van Hamburg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
History Of ◽  
Voucher Specimens

Due to their intricate life histories and the unique wing patterns and colouring the butterflies of the genus Chrysoritis are of significant conservation and aesthetic value. Thisoverview probes into practical examples of butterfly life history research applicable to environmental management of this relatively well-known invertebrate group in South Africa. Despite the pioneer work on life histories of Chrysoritis in the past, more should be done to understand the life history of the butterflies in the wild, especially their natural host plants and the behaviour of adults and larvae. A system of voucher specimens of host plants should be introduced in South Africa. Although various host plant species in nature are used by the members of Chrysoritis, including the Chrysoritis chrysaor group, the choice of these in nature by each species is significant for conservation management and in the case of Chrysoritis aureus perhaps even as a specific characteristic.A revision of the ant genus Crematogaster will benefit the conservation management of Chrysoritis species since some of these ant species may consist of a number of specieswith much more restricted distributions than previously thought. Rigorous quantified tudies of population dynamics of Chrysoritis butterflies are absent and the introductionof such studies will benefit conservation management of these localised butterflies extensively.

scholarly journals A revision of the Elachista regificella Sircom -complex (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Bengt Bengtsson ◽  
Ivars Šulcs ◽  
Jari Junnilainen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Closely Related Species

The Elachista regificella complex (Elachistidae) is revised and considered to consist of three closely related species: E. regificella Sircom, presently only recorded from Great Britain, E. geminatella (Herrich-Schäffer), stat. rev. (= E. nieukerkeni Traugott-Olsen, syn. nov.) and E. tengstromi nom. nov. (= E. magnificella Tengström, 1848, nec Duponchel, 1843). The latter two species are widely distributed e.g. in Central Europe, the range of E. tengstromi extending to Japan. The species are diagnosed and illustrated. Life history records indicate that the species have, at least to some extent, different host plant preferences: Luzula sylvatica is recorded as the host plant of E. regificella and E. geminatella, of which the latter probably exploits other host plants as well. L. pilosa is the only known host plant of E. tengstromi in Europe, with further host plants recorded in Japan. Neotypes are designated for Elachista regificella Sircom and Poeciloptilia geminatella Herrich-Schäffer.

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