scholarly journals Fauna, trophic connections, and morpho-functional adaptations of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) forming parenchymal leaf galls of arboreal and shrubby plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.А. Федотова
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Trophic Connections ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
World Fauna

Галлицы, образующие паренхимные листовые галлы на древеснокустарниковых растениях, в мировой фауне представлены 108 видами 38 родов 12 триб, большинство относятся к подсемейству Lasiopterinae (65 видов, 25 родов). Они образуют галлы на 123 видах растений 37 родов, принадлежащих 20 семействам 15 порядков из клад Superrosids (47 видов галлиц), Superasterids (60 видов) и Eudicots (1 вид). Наибольшее количество галлиц (64 вида, 13 родов) относится к 5 порядкам продвинутой клады Superasterids (Caryophyllales, Cornales, Asterales, Dipsacales и Lamiales). Остальные 44 вида из 25 родов относятся к 10 порядкам более архаичных клад Eudicots (Buxales) и Superrosids (Fabales, Rosales, Fagales, Malpigiales, Celastrales, Myrtales, Malvales, Sapindales, Saxifragales). Наибольшее обилие растенийхозяев во влажных местообитаниях выявлено в кладе Sapindales на этих растениях развивается 15 видов галлиц из 6 родов и на растениях клады Fagales 13 видов из 7 родов. В аридных местообитаниях на растениях из клады Caryophyllales (Amaranthaceae и Polygonaceae) выявлено 56 видов из 7 родов специфической трибы Baldratiini. Среди растенийхозяев травянистые растения представлены порядками Campanulids (Asterales) и Lamiids (Lamiales), среди которых доминируют Asterales. Выделены группы родов галлиц, которые отличаются по степени морфофункциональных адаптаций имаго при галлообразовании и связям с растениямихозяевами: специфические по отношению к родам растенийхозяев и неспецифические (1 род галлиц связан с несколькими родами одного или нескольких семейств растений). Выявлено 13 монотипических родов галлиц, что составляет 36,1 от 38 родов, виды которых образуют паренхимные галлы. Доля специфических родов галлиц 57,9 (22 из 36). К монотипическим родам относятся галлицы, имеющие специфические яйцеклады колющего типа (Monarthropalpus Rbs., Atraphaxiola Fedotova, Probruggmanniella Mhn и Ribesia Gagn). Также архаичные связи галлиц с растениями проявляются у видов Drisina Giard, Acerovesiculomyia Fedotova, Litchiomyia Yang, Mikomya Kief. (яйцеклады лопастного типа), которые откладывают яйца на поверхность листьев растений одного семейства (Sapindaceae, Sapindales), занимающего центральное место в филогенетическом древе Angiospermae. Эти примеры косвенное свидетельство перехода галлиц к галлообразованию в период процветания цветковых растений. Паренхимные галлицы известны на основных лесообразующих породах. Некоторые виды являются опасными вредителями декоративных и пищевых растений. Адвентивные виды паренхимных галлиц выявлены во всех зоогеографических областях. Gall midges forming parenchymal leaf galls on trees and shrubs in the world fauna are represented by 108 species (38 genera of 12 tribes), most of which belong to the subfamily Lasiopterinae (65 species of 25 genera). They form galls on 123 plant species (37 genera belonging to 20 families) of 15 orders from the clades of Superrosids (47 gall midges), Superasterids (60 sp.), and Eudicots (1 sp.). The highest number of gall midges (64 species of 13 genera) belong to 5 orders of the advanced clade Superasterids (Caryophyllales, Cornales, Asterales, Dipsacales, and Lamiales). The remaining 44 species of 25 genera belong to 10 orders of the more archaic clades of Eudicots (Buxales) and Superrosids (Fabales, Rosales, Fagales, Malpigiales, Celastrales, Myrtales, Malvales, Sapindales, Saxifragales). The greatest number of host plants in humid habitats was found in Sapindales, on which develop 15 species of gall midges belonging to 6 genera and on the clade Fagales develop 13 species of 7 genera. Among arid species the greatest number found in Caryophyllales (Amaranthaceae and Polygonaceae) 56 species of 7 genera of the specific tribe Baldratiini. Herb host plants are represented by the Campanulids (Asterales) and Lamiids (Lamiales) orders, among which Asterales dominates. Groups of gall midges that differ in the degree of morphofunctional adaptations of adults during gall formation and connections with host plants were identified: specific for host genera and nonspecific (1 genus of gall midges is associated with several genera of one or several plant families). In total, 13 monotypic genera of gall midges forming parenchymal galls were identified (34.2 of 36 genera). The proportion of specific genera of gall midges is 57,9 (22 of 38). Monotypic genera include gall midges with specific piercingtype ovipositors (Monarthropalpus Rbs., Atraphaxiola Fedotova, Probruggmanniella Mhn и Ribesia Gagn). Also, the archaic connections of gall midges with plants are manifested in the species Drisina Giard, Acerovesiculomyia Fedotova, Litchiomyia Yang, Mikomya Kief. (lobed eggfolds) that lay eggs on the surface of the leaves of plants of one family (Sapindaceae, Sapindales), which occupies a central place in the phylogenetic tree of Angiospermae. These examples are indirect evidence of the transition of gall midges to gall formation during the period of flourishing of flowering plants. Parenchymal gall midges are known on the main forestforming species, and they are dangerous pests of ornamental and food plants. Adventive species of parenchymal gall midges are found in all zoogeographical regions.

scholarly journals Reclassification of Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiini) from Amaranthaceae, with Description of Ten New Species Based on an Integrative Taxonomic Study

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Netta Dorchin ◽  
Einat Shachar ◽  
Ariel Leib Leonid Friedman ◽  
Omri Bronstein
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
First Descriptions

The genus Halodiplosis includes 99 species restricted to host-plants of the Amaranthaceae, virtually all of which are from Central Asia. The discovery of numerous undescribed species putatively belonging to this genus in Israel instigated an exhaustive review of the original descriptions of all known species in this genus. This study revealed that the generic concept of Halodiplosis and some of the genera synonymized under it should be redefined based on morphological and life-history attributes, such that Halodiplosis is limited to only 13 species developing in plant tissues without obvious gall formation or as inquilines in galls of other cecidomyiids. Revised status were proposed for Asiodiplosis, Onodiplosis, and Desertomyia, all species of which are gall inducers. A detailed morphological study of the Israeli species combined with data on their life history and an analysis of mitochondrial COI and 16S gene sequences revealed nine gall-inducing species belonging to Asiodiplosis and one inquilinous species belonging to Halodiplosis. All ten species (Asiodiplosis admirabilis n.sp., A. bimoda n.sp., A. delicatula n.sp., A. largifica n.sp., A. mohicana n.sp., A. mucronata n.sp., A. paradoxa n.sp., A. pillosaeconspicua n.sp., A. stellata n.sp., and Halodiplosis fugax n.sp.) are described here as new to science, including the first descriptions of larvae and pupae for these genera.

scholarly journals Pseudasphondylia tominagai, a new gall midge species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing flower bud galls on Eleutherococcus spinosus (Araliaceae) in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Elsayed ◽  
Junichi Yukawa ◽  
Makoto Tokuda
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
A New Species

The genus Pseudasphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini: Asphondyliina) comprises ten Palearctic, Oriental and Australian species associated with various hosts belonging to at least ten plant families. A new species, Pseudasphondyliatominagai Elsayed & Tokuda n. sp., that induces flower bud galls on Eleutherococcusspinosus (L.f.) S.Y.Hu (Araliaceae) is described. This species is considered to alternate between host plants seasonally. A key to males of known Pseudasphondylia species is provided.

Taxonomy and food plants of Bombus simillimus SMITH (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Indian Himalaya

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Rifat H. Raina ◽  
Malkiat S. Saini ◽  
Zakir H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Sizeable Number ◽  
Himalayan Species

Abstract Bombus simillimus SMITH is a west Himalayan species, known only from Pakistan and India. In the Indian Himalaya this species is restricted to Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. So far, it has never been recorded from other regions. Its females (workers) can be recognized by the chocolate brown pubescence of the metasomal terga 1 and 2. The colour pattern of the queen is very distinct, with the whole body coloured black except for the last two metasomal terga, which are brick-red. In Kashmir Himalaya it is widespread around the lower mountain coniferous forest and was found foraging heavily on Trifolium pratense, Lavatera cashmeriana, Carduus spp. and Cirsium spp. Being very common and having a very wide distributional range, it is associated with a sizeable number of host plants. Due emphasis has been laid on its detailed taxonomic descriptions, synonymy, host plants, distribution pattern and illustration. Thirty-five food plants of this species have been recorded from the study areas.

scholarly journals A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1728 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL N. MAGNACCA ◽  
DAVID FOOTE ◽  
PATRICK M. O’GRADY
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Insight Into

The Hawaiian Drosophilidae is one of the best examples of rapid speciation in nature. Nearly 1,000 species of endemic drosophilids have evolved in situ in Hawaii since a single colonist arrived over 25 million years ago. A number of mechanisms, including ecological adaptation, sexual selection, and geographic isolation, have been proposed to explain the evolution of this hyperdiverse group of species. Here, we examine the known ecological associations of 326 species of endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae in light of the phylogenetic relationships of these species. Our analysis suggests that the long-accepted belief of strict ecological specialization in this group does not hold for all taxa. While many species have a primary host plant family, females will also oviposit on non-preferred host plant taxa. Host shifting is fairly common in some groups, especially the grimshawi and modified mouthparts species groups of Drosophila, and the Scaptomyza subgenus Elmomyza. Associations with types of substrates (bark, leaves, flowers) are more evolutionarily conserved than associations with host plant families. These data not only give us insight into the role ecology has played in the evolution of this large group, but can help in making decisions about the management of rare and endangered host plants and the insects that rely upon them for survival.

scholarly journals Insect galls of the xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Cid Maia ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Souza
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Galling Insects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cabo Frio

The xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ) was investigated for insect galls, in May, June and August of 2012, totalizing 24 hours of field work. Forty-five morphotypes of insect galls were found on 29 species of host plant (25 genera and 18 families). Asteraceae and Myrtaceae were the most galled plant families. Leaves were the most galled plant organ, with ca. 62% of the total, followed by stems (ca. 22%). Globoid and fusiform galls were the most frequent with about 29% and 24%, respectively. The majority was glabrous (ca. 91%), and one-chambered (ca. 84%). Gallers of 30 morphotypes were determined. They belong to Diptera (Cecidomyiidae), and Lepidoptera. The former was the most frequent. Larvae of Muscomorpha (Diptera) (probably inquilines) were found in a single gall morphotype; parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in seven (ca. 15% of the total), and predators (pseudoscorpion) in a single one. As there is no previous data of insect galls of Ilha do Cabo Frio, all records presented here are new. The geographic distribution of nine species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) is widened. For the first time, eleven plant species are recorded as host of galling insects, and 24 gall morphotypes are described.

PERFORMANCE OF TRIRHABDA VIRGATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON THREE POTENTIAL HOSTS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Blatt ◽  
A.M. Schindel ◽  
R. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Plant Fecundity ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
Trirhabda Virgata

AbstractThe suitability of three potential host plants, Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis (Asteraceae), Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb., and Aster lateriflorus L. (Asteraceae), for the goldenrod beetle, Trirhabda virgata LeConte was determined by measuring several fitness components during the T. virgata life cycle. Neonate larvae were collected from S. canadensis plants and transplanted onto S. canadensis, S. graminifolia, and A. lateriflorus and maintained in field enclosures until the last instar was reached. Once brought into the laboratory, larvae were fed their assigned host plant until pupation. Following emergence, adults were weighed and separated into mating pairs to record oviposition and longevity. Eggs were kept in the laboratory until the following spring, when first instar larvae were taken into the field and re-established on their assigned host, and the experiment was repeated for 2 years. Larval survival and rate of development was not affected by the host plant. Mean weight of adults at emergence was greater on S. canadensis than on either S. graminifolia or A. lateriflorus. Two components of adult fitness, postmating longevity and realized fecundity, were measured. Longevity of adult female T. virgata was not affected by the host plant. Fecundity of T. virgata reared on A. lateriflorus and S. graminifolia was lower than the fecundity of females reared on S. canadensis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that both intrinsic plant quality and the mobility of the foraging stage are important in the evolution of host range in T. virgata. These experiments were repeated over a 3-year period, using offspring from the survivors of the previous year for the 2nd and 3rd years. Over this time, individuals experienced "laboratory adaptation," and both accepted and increased their performance on previously unacceptable food plants.

Performance of the Tobacco Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Various Host Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Semtner ◽  
William M. Tilson ◽  
Surendra K. Dara
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Myzus Nicotianae ◽  
Solanum Americanum ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Tobacco Aphid

The tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae Blackman, is a major pest of tobacco in the United States. It was separated from the green peach aphid, M. persicae (Sulzer), and described as a new species in 1987. Information on its host range is limited because the two species are so similar. Therefore, the performance of the tobacco aphid was studied on 28 potential host plants in six families. Numbers of offspring, age at first reproduction, longevity, weight, and percentage reproducing were compared. Tests were conducted on excised leaves or leaf disks maintained in Petri dishes in an environmentally-controlled chamber. Myzus nicotianae reproduced on hosts in the families Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Malvaceae, and Solanaceae, but not on Spinacia in Chenopodiaceae. Myzus nicotianae generally reproduced most quickly, was heaviest, and produced the most nymphs on tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., and American black nightshade, Solanum americanum (Solanaceae). Performance also was good on Capsicum and S. dulcamara L. (Solanaceae). Aphids exhibited fair-to-good performance on three species of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae), Datura, and Physalis (Solanaceae); Raphanus and two species of Brassica (Cruciferae); and Abelmmoschus (Malvaceae). Performance was fair on two species of Ipomoea, three species of Solanum, Lactuca (Asteraceae), and several Brassica. Longevity was short, and very few offspring were produced on Gossypium (Malvaceae) and Lycopersicon (Solanaceae). This study indicates that M. nicotianae does well on several species in five plant families that contain important crop and weed species.

scholarly journals KISARAN INANG DAN DINAMIKA POPULASI Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) DI PERTANAMAN CABAI MERAH

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Hendrival Hendrival ◽  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Ali Nurmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Abundant Population

The study of host range and population dynamic of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fiel dswas conducted in Sub-district of Pakem, District of Sleman, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta during dry season of May-October 2009. The study of host plants of B. tabaci from the red chili pepper fields revealed that there were 27 species of host plants belong to 22 genera of 13 families including crops and weeds. The host plants belong to families of Araceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papilionaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae and Sterculiaceae. The host plant families of Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae had the most abundant population of B. tabaci. Geminivirus-like symptoms were found in the weeds of A. conyzoides and A. boehmerioides. Population of B. tabaci adults correlated with abundance of host plant species found in the red chili pepper fields. The population of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fields was affected by natural enemy population. Population dynamic of the parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. correlated with population dynamic of the parasitized nymph of B. tabaci. Parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. was potentially good in controlling population of B. tabaci nymph in red chili pepper fields.

scholarly journals Bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haworth (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke L. Moffis ◽  
Steven P. Arthurs
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

North American bagworm can feed on over 50 families of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Severe infestations can damage the aesthetics and health of host plants, especially juniper and arborvitae species. Many of the preferred host plants do not grow well below the USDA hardiness zone 8A, but due to its wide host range, high female fecundity, and method of dispersal, bagworm can still be problematic in the Florida landscape. This 5-page fact sheet was written by Brooke L. Moffis and Steven P. Arthurs and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, March 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in981

scholarly journals The Cassidinae beetles of Longnan County (Jiangxi, China): overview and community composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Chengqing Liao ◽  
Jiasheng Xu ◽  
Charles L. Staines ◽  
Xiaohua Dai
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Diversity Pattern ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Five Tribes

There are few reports on the community composition and diversity pattern of the Cassidinae species of China. Compared to the neighbouring provinces of Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang, the Cassidinae richness in Jiangxi Province is under-reported. Longnan City, a biodiversity hotspot in Jiangxi Province, was chosen to obtain the first overview of the Cassidinae beetles. The sample coverage curves for the three sample sites reached an asymptote which indicated sampling was sufficient for data analysis. A total of eight tribes, 16 genera, 59 species and 1590 individuals of Cassidinae beetles were collected. Most belonged to the tribe Hispini (1121 individuals; 70.5%), followed by the tribe Cassidini (161 individuals; 10.13%) and the tribe Oncocephalini (159 individuals; 10.0%). The remainder (149 individuals) belonged to five tribes (Gonophorini, Basiprionotini, Callispini, Notosacanthini and Aspidimorphini). The tribes Notosacanthini, Aspidimorphini and Oncocephalini were newly recorded for Jiangxi Province. There were 14 families, 27 genera and 39 species of host plants of Cassidinae beetles in Longnan County. Cassidinae larvae mainly feed on the plant families Poaceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Rubiaceae. Most host-plant associations are new reords for the beetle species. This research, together with our planned future work in China, may help to explain the geographical distribution, diversity patterns and host plant associations of these beetles.

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