scholarly journals Substance Use Disorder Status Moderates the Association between Personality Traits and Problematic Mobile Phone/Internet Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Marta Demkow-Jania ◽  
Maciej Kopera ◽  
Elisa M. Trucco ◽  
Paweł Kobyliński ◽  
Anna Klimkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory

Background: Associations between personality traits and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) have not been widely investigated. The current study aims to assess whether SUD status moderates the association between personality traits and PSU. Methods: The study group included 151 individuals with SUD and a normative sample (NS) comprised of 554 non-SUD students. The following self-report questionnaires were used: the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS-10) to assess problematic smartphone use (PSU), the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to assess intensity of internet use, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) to assess Personality traits. Results: SUD status moderated the association between neuroticism and openness to new experiences on PSU. That is, greater neuroticism and openness were significantly associated with more excessive PSU among the NS. In the SUD group, greater openness was a significant protective factor against PSU. Moderation results were similar when using the IAT (which was significantly correlated with MPPUS) as an outcome. Conclusions: The presence of SUD may influence how personality traits are associated with problematic mobile phone/internet use. Given that this is among one of the first studies examining this topic, findings should be replicated with additional studies.

scholarly journals Psychopathic Personality Traits as a Protective Factor against the Development of Intrusive Memories

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12
Author(s):  
Caroline Moul ◽  
Angela Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
Short Video

Background People with psychopathic personality traits have been shown to have low rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Contemporary theoretical models of PTSD and psychopathy converge to suggest that a bias in the type of information that is encoded into memory is a core component of both disorders. We tested the hypothesis that people with psychopathic personality traits have a reduced susceptibility to developing intrusion-related symptoms. Method Participants completed self-report measures before watching a short video depicting the aftermath of a motor vehicle accident. The participants recorded their intrusive memories for seven days before returning for a follow-up assessment. Results Psychopathic personality score was found to be a significant negative predictor of intrusion-related experiences at follow-up. This relationship was mediated by the vividness of intrusions. Conclusion The results support the hypothesis that the balance between the encoding of perceptual versus conceptual properties is a core feature both in the aetiology of PTSD and in people with psychopathic personality traits.

Metacognitions about problematic Smartphone use: Development of a self-report measure

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 106484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Casale ◽  
Luisa Caponi ◽  
Giulia Fioravanti
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Report Measure

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorder in the Emergency Department:  Approaches to Estimating Prevalence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Punches ◽  
Kimberly W. Hart ◽  
Christopher J Lindsell ◽  
Raul Mandler ◽  
Katia Delrahim-Howlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pragmatic Clinical Trials

Abstract Background: Understanding the prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) in emergency department (ED) settings could facilitate prevention and treatment responses to the epidemic. However, little information is available on the true prevalence of SUD in the ED population. We characterized 1) methods for determining the prevalence of substance use and SUDs within an ED, and 2) the degree to which prevalence differs between geographically proximate EDs. Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-hospital study analyzed data from prior studies and electronic health records (EHR). Our data sources included 1) interviews of a population-based sample of ED patients, 2) chart review for a cohort of ED patients, and 3) ICD-9 codes from an urban, academic trauma center. In addition, ICD-9 codes were obtained for three geographically proximate hospitals of differing type. The sampling methods and ED settings were compared descriptively in terms of their population characteristics and estimated prevalence of SUDs. Results: Prevalence of SUDs at the urban academic center was extremely high, particularly when measured by prospective survey, but also with chart review. Use over the prior year (binge drinking, illicit drug use, or treatment for alcohol or drug use) as determined by self-report and chart review respectively was: 41.9% and 15.2% for alcohol, 36.2% and 21.6% for drugs, and 59.2% and 30.4% for either. Estimates using ICD-9 codes indicated a far lower prevalence of substance use and suggest differences between EDs. Conclusions: SUDs are highly prevalent in ED populations, though significant variability between EDs is likely. SUDs are infrequently coded, suggesting that clinicians may be unaware of SUDs, or that discharge coding is insufficient to understand and respond to SUDs. Feasible and efficacious methods of identification and documentation of SUDs is an urgent priority to aid efforts to facilitate health services planning and quality improvement, and enable pragmatic clinical trials.

scholarly journals Substance and Internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuping Huang ◽  
Xinxin Chen ◽  
Shucai Huang ◽  
Tianli Shao ◽  
Zhenjiang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Substance Users

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has adversely influenced human physical and mental health, including emotional disorders and addictions. This study examined substance and Internet use behavior and their associations with anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online self-report questionnaire was administered to 2196 Chinese adults between February 17 and 29, 2020. The questionnaire contained the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), questions on demographic information, and items about substance and Internet use characteristics. Our results revealed that males consumed less alcohol (p < 0.001) and areca-nut (p = 0.012) during the pandemic than before the pandemic. Age, gender, education status, and occupation significantly differed among increased substance users, regular substance users, and nonsubstance users. Time spent on the Internet was significantly longer during the pandemic (p < 0.001) and 72% of participants reported increased dependence on the Internet. Compared to regular Internet users, increased users were more likely to be younger and female. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age <33 years (OR = 2.034, p < 0.001), increased substance use (OR = 3.439, p < 0.001), and increased Internet use (OR = 1.914, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with depression. Moreover, anxiety was significantly related to female gender (OR = 2.065, p < 0.001), “unmarried” status (OR = 1.480, p = 0.017), nonstudents (OR = 1.946–3.030, p = 0.001), and increased substance use (OR = 4.291, p < 0.001). Although there was a significant decrease in social substance use during the pandemic, more attention should be paid to increased Internet use. Increased Internet use was significantly associated with both anxiety and depression, and increased substance use was related to depression. Professional support should be provided to vulnerable individuals to prevent addiction.

scholarly journals Highlighting the Role of Cognitive and Brain Reserve in the Substance use Disorder Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1056-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cutuli ◽  
D. Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda ◽  
E. Castilla-Ortega ◽  
L.J. Santín ◽  
P. Sampedro-Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Brain Reserve ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Preventive Role

Background:Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the ability of an individual to cope with brain pathology remaining free of cognitive symptoms. This protective factor has been related to compensatory and more efficient brain mechanisms involved in resisting brain damage. For its part, Brain reserve (BR) refers to individual differences in the structural properties of the brain which could also make us more resilient to suffer from neurodegenerative and mental diseases.Objective:This review summarizes how this construct, mainly mediated by educational level, occupational attainment, physical and mental activity, as well as successful social relationships, has gained scientific attention in the last years with regard to diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke or traumatic brain injury. Nevertheless, although CR has been studied in a large number of disorders, few researches have addressed the role of this concept in drug addiction.Methods:We provide a selective overview of recent literature about the role of CR and BR in preventing substance use onset. Likewise, we will also discuss how variables involved in CR (healthy leisure, social support or job-related activities, among others) could be trained and included as complementary activities of substance use disorder treatments.Results:Evidence about this topic suggests a preventive role of CR and BR on drug use onset and when drug addiction is established, these factors led to less severe addiction-related problems, as well as better treatment outcomes.Conclusion:CR and BR are variables not taken yet into account in drug addiction. However, they could give us a valuable information about people at risk, as well as patient’s prognosis.

scholarly journals Technological Interventions for Medication Adherence in Adult Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review

10.2196/12493 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e12493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson M Steinkamp ◽  
Nathaniel Goldblatt ◽  
Jacob T Borodovsky ◽  
Amy LaVertu ◽  
Ian M Kronish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Intervention Component ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

Background Medication adherence is critical to the effectiveness of psychopharmacologic therapy. Psychiatric disorders present special adherence considerations, notably an altered capacity for decision making and the increased street value of controlled substances. A wide range of interventions designed to improve adherence in mental health and substance use disorders have been studied; recently, many have incorporated information technology (eg, mobile phone apps, electronic pill dispensers, and telehealth). Many intervention components have been studied across different disorders. Furthermore, many interventions incorporate multiple components, making it difficult to evaluate the effect of individual components in isolation. Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review to develop a literature-driven, transdiagnostic taxonomic framework of technology-based medication adherence intervention and measurement components used in mental health and substance use disorders. Methods This review was conducted based on a published protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018067902) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic review guidelines. We searched 7 electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Engineering Village, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2000 to September 2018. Overall, 2 reviewers independently conducted title and abstract screens, full-text screens, and data extraction. We included all studies that evaluate populations or individuals with a mental health or substance use disorder and contain at least 1 technology-delivered component (eg, website, mobile phone app, biosensor, or algorithm) designed to improve medication adherence or the measurement thereof. Given the wide variety of studied interventions, populations, and outcomes, we did not conduct a risk of bias assessment or quantitative meta-analysis. We developed a taxonomic framework for intervention classification and applied it to multicomponent interventions across mental health disorders. Results The initial search identified 21,749 results; after screening, 127 included studies remained (Cohen kappa: 0.8, 95% CI 0.72-0.87). Major intervention component categories include reminders, support messages, social support engagement, care team contact capabilities, data feedback, psychoeducation, adherence-based psychotherapy, remote care delivery, secure medication storage, and contingency management. Adherence measurement components include self-reports, remote direct visualization, fully automated computer vision algorithms, biosensors, smart pill bottles, ingestible sensors, pill counts, and utilization measures. Intervention modalities include short messaging service, mobile phone apps, websites, and interactive voice response. We provide graphical representations of intervention component categories and an element-wise breakdown of multicomponent interventions. Conclusions Many technology-based medication adherence and monitoring interventions have been studied across psychiatric disease contexts. Interventions that are useful in one psychiatric disorder may be useful in other disorders, and further research is necessary to elucidate the specific effects of individual intervention components. Our framework is directly developed from the substance use disorder and mental health treatment literature and allows for transdiagnostic comparisons and an organized conceptual mapping of interventions.

scholarly journals Dark personality traits and problematic smartphone use: The mediating role of fearful attachment

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Balta ◽  
Peter Jonason ◽  
Amanda Denes ◽  
Emrah Emirtekin ◽  
Şule Betül Tosuntaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Smartphone Use

scholarly journals Self and Other Ratings of Problematic Smartphone Use: The Role of Personality and Relationship Type

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Horwood ◽  
Jeromy Anglim
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Relationship Type ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Common Method Bias ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Method Bias ◽  
The Relationship

Reliance on self-report to measure problematic smartphone use is a limitation of the extant literature. It is unclear whether self- and other-ratings of problematic smartphone use converge and whether correlations between personality and self-reported problematic smartphone use are distorted by common method bias. The current study provides the first comprehensive assessment of self-other agreement of problematic smartphone use and the relationship between personality and other-rated problematic smartphone use in a large sample of young adults. Focal participants (n = 1073) were Australian university students who completed measures of Big Five (IPIP) and HEXACO (HEXACO PI-R) personality, and problematic smartphone use. One or more people who knew the focal participant well (n = 2445) rated the focal participant's problematic smartphone use. People rated their own smartphone use as more problematic than did others. Self- and other-ratings of problematic smartphone use correlated 0.38. The pattern of self-other and other-other correlations indicated that self-ratings were more accurate than other-ratings. The pattern of high neuroticism and low conscientiousness predicting greater problematic smartphone use was observed for both self- and other-ratings. Findings suggest that self-report measures are reasonably valid, problematic smartphone usage is observable, and the relationship between personality and problematic smartphone use is robust.

scholarly journals Technological Interventions for Medication Adherence in Adult Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson M Steinkamp ◽  
Nathaniel Goldblatt ◽  
Jacob T Borodovsky ◽  
Amy LaVertu ◽  
Ian M Kronish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Intervention Component ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

BACKGROUND Medication adherence is critical to the effectiveness of psychopharmacologic therapy. Psychiatric disorders present special adherence considerations, notably an altered capacity for decision making and the increased street value of controlled substances. A wide range of interventions designed to improve adherence in mental health and substance use disorders have been studied; recently, many have incorporated information technology (eg, mobile phone apps, electronic pill dispensers, and telehealth). Many intervention components have been studied across different disorders. Furthermore, many interventions incorporate multiple components, making it difficult to evaluate the effect of individual components in isolation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review to develop a literature-driven, transdiagnostic taxonomic framework of technology-based medication adherence intervention and measurement components used in mental health and substance use disorders. METHODS This review was conducted based on a published protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018067902) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic review guidelines. We searched 7 electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Engineering Village, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2000 to September 2018. Overall, 2 reviewers independently conducted title and abstract screens, full-text screens, and data extraction. We included all studies that evaluate populations or individuals with a mental health or substance use disorder and contain at least 1 technology-delivered component (eg, website, mobile phone app, biosensor, or algorithm) designed to improve medication adherence or the measurement thereof. Given the wide variety of studied interventions, populations, and outcomes, we did not conduct a risk of bias assessment or quantitative meta-analysis. We developed a taxonomic framework for intervention classification and applied it to multicomponent interventions across mental health disorders. RESULTS The initial search identified 21,749 results; after screening, 127 included studies remained (Cohen kappa: 0.8, 95% CI 0.72-0.87). Major intervention component categories include reminders, support messages, social support engagement, care team contact capabilities, data feedback, psychoeducation, adherence-based psychotherapy, remote care delivery, secure medication storage, and contingency management. Adherence measurement components include self-reports, remote direct visualization, fully automated computer vision algorithms, biosensors, smart pill bottles, ingestible sensors, pill counts, and utilization measures. Intervention modalities include short messaging service, mobile phone apps, websites, and interactive voice response. We provide graphical representations of intervention component categories and an element-wise breakdown of multicomponent interventions. CONCLUSIONS Many technology-based medication adherence and monitoring interventions have been studied across psychiatric disease contexts. Interventions that are useful in one psychiatric disorder may be useful in other disorders, and further research is necessary to elucidate the specific effects of individual intervention components. Our framework is directly developed from the substance use disorder and mental health treatment literature and allows for transdiagnostic comparisons and an organized conceptual mapping of interventions.

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