scholarly journals The Effect of (Poly)phenol-Rich Interventions on Cognitive Functions and Neuroprotective Measures in Healthy Aging Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achraf Ammar ◽  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
Patrick Müller ◽  
Bassem Bouaziz ◽  
Omar Boukhris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Aging Adults

Context: As the food industry is continually involved in the development of new attractive alternative therapeutic agents, the evaluation of the beneficial impact of (poly)phenols on cognitive and brain function during aging has gained increasing interest. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of (poly)phenol-rich diet supplementation on cognitive function and brain health in aging adults. Data Sources: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to July 2019. Study Selection: Two researchers independently screened 4303 records, using the PICOS criteria: Participants were aging adults; Intervention was based on acute and/or chronic (poly)phenols-rich supplementation; Comparator was any comparator; Outcomes included cognitive function and neuroprotective measures; and Study design was RCTs. A third researcher was consulted when discrepancies arose. Fifteen high-quality (mean PEDro score = 8.8 ± 0.56) RCTs (total participants: 918 healthy older adults) were included in the final sample. Data Extraction: Information on study design, employed treatment, characteristics of participants, outcomes, and the correspondent assessing methods were extracted. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Data Analysis and Results: A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool estimates across studies. Effect size (ES) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Pooled results yielded a trivial ES (−0.2 to 0.03) for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuroinflammatory parameters and small (0.36) to moderate (0.82) ES for executive functions. Conclusion: This meta-analysis failed to provide evidence regarding the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of (poly)phenols supplementation in aging adults. However, findings from individual studies, included in this systematic review, suggest polyphenol-rich supplementation may improve some cognitive and brain functions in older adults. The beneficial effect of polyphenols seems to depend on ingested dose and bioavailability. Results suggest at least an intermediate dose (≥500 mg), and intermediate (≈9%) to high (43%) bioavailability rates are needed to cross the brain blood barrier and to exert a significant effect on cognitive health.

scholarly journals Sleep Duration in Relation to Cognitive Function among Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Devore ◽  
Francine Grodstein ◽  
Eva S. Schernhammer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Context: Increasing evidence suggests that circadian and sleep parameters influence cognitive function with aging. Objective: To evaluate observational studies of sleep duration and cognition in older adults. Data Sources: A systematic review of OVID Medline and PsycINFO through September 2015, and review of bibliographies from studies identified. Study Selection: English-language articles reporting observational studies of sleep duration and cognitive function in older populations. Data Extraction: Data extraction by 2 authors using predefined categories of desired information. Results: Thirty-two studies met our inclusion criteria, with nearly two-thirds published in the past 4 years. One-third of studies indicated that extreme sleep durations were associated with worse cognition in older adults. More studies favored an association with long vs. short sleep durations (35 vs. 26% of studies, respectively). Four studies found that greater changes in sleep duration over time were related to lower cognition. Study design and analytic methods were very heterogeneous across studies; therefore, meta-analysis was not undertaken. Limitations: We reviewed English-language manuscripts only, with a qualitative summary of studies identified. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings: Observational studies of sleep duration and cognitive function in older adults have produced mixed results, with more studies suggesting that long (rather than short) sleep durations are related to worse cognition. Studies more consistently indicate that greater changes in sleep duration are associated with poor cognition. Future studies should be prospectively designed, with objective sleep assessment and longer follow-up periods; intervention studies are also needed to identify strategies for promoting cognitive health with aging.

scholarly journals Implementing Digital Storytelling for Health-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: Protocol for a Systematic Review

10.2196/15512 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e15512
Author(s):  
Jennifer Stargatt ◽  
Sunil Bhar ◽  
Jahar Bhowmik ◽  
Abdullah Al Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Digital Storytelling ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Psychological Comorbidities ◽  
Health Related

Background The number of older adults is increasing rapidly worldwide. Older adults face a unique set of challenges and may experience a range of psychological comorbidities. Advances in multimedia technology have allowed for digital storytelling to be utilized as an intervention for health-related outcomes. Objective The primary aim of the proposed systematic review is to examine the reported health-related outcomes for older adults engaged in digital storytelling. The review also aims to examine the methods associated with digital storytelling, characteristics of digital story products, and implementational considerations. Methods This protocol adheres to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. We will systematically search selected electronic databases to identify studies that meet our eligibility criteria. From the included studies, data will be extracted and synthesized using a narrative approach and summarized in tables. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results Systematic searches, data extraction and analysis, and writing of the systematic review are expected to be completed by the end of 2019. Conclusions The proposed systematic review will summarize the existing studies using digital storytelling to improve health-related outcomes for older adults. Results from this review will provide an evidence base for the development of digital storytelling interventions that are effective and implementable with older adults. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/15512

scholarly journals Are digital technology interventions effective to reduce loneliness in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ghulam Sarwar Shah ◽  
David Nogueras ◽  
Hugo Cornelis van Woerden ◽  
Vasiliki Kiparoglou
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objective: To review the latest literature on the effectiveness of DTIs in reducing loneliness in (older) adults. Data Sources: Electronic searches in PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science covering publication period from 1 January 2010 to 31 July 2019. Subjects: Adult men and women Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis Main Outcome Measure: Loneliness. Study Selection: Primary studies that used DTIs for tackling loneliness in adults (aged ≥18 years) with follow-up measurements at least three months or more and publication in the English language. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data on several variables: participants, interventions, comparators and outcomes. Data was extracted on the primary outcome i.e. loneliness measured at the baseline and follow-up measurements at three, four, six and twelve months after the intervention. Results: Six studies were selected from 4939 articles screened. Selected studies included 5 clinical trials (4 RCTs and 1 quasi experimental study) and one before and after study, which enrolled 646 participants (men =154 (24%), women =427 (66%), no gender information =65 (10%) with average age between 73 and 78 years (SD 6-11). Five clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis and standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated for each trial and pooled across studies using a random effects model. The overall effect estimates were not statistically significant in follow-up measurements at three months (SMD= 0.02, 95% CI= -0.36, 0.40; P=0.92), four months (SMDs= -1.11, 95% CI= -2.60, 0.38; P=0.14) and six months (SMD= -0.11, 95% CI= -0.54, 0.32; P=0.61). The quality of evidence was very low to moderate in these trials. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to make conclusions that DTIs are effective in reducing loneliness in older adults. Future research may consider RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer duration of interventions and follow-up.

Dietary patterns and depression risk in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yu Wu ◽  
Kuei-Min Chen ◽  
Frank Belcastro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Context Diet may be one of the modifiable environmental factors that could reduce depressive symptoms or abate the development of depression without side effects. However, previous reviews mainly focused on general adult populations. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the association between healthy dietary patterns and depression risk in older adults. Data Sources Eight databases were searched up to September 2019. The inclusion criteria were older adults aged ≥ 65 years, healthy dietary patterns, depression assessed by a physician or by validated screening tools, and quantitative study design. Data Extraction Data were extracted independently by 2 researchers, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline was followed. Data Analysis Meta-analysis was conducted by calculating the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs. A total of 18 eligible studies were meta-analyzed. Results showed that a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a reduced risk of depression in older adults (OR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.78–0.92; P < 0.001). There was high heterogeneity (I2 = 64.9%; P < 0.001) among the studies. Subgroup analyses indicated that sample size and depression screening tools were the main sources of study heterogeneity. Conclusions An inverse association between healthy dietary patterns and depression risk in older adults was found. However, the high heterogeneity among the studies should be considered. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD 42020169195.

Vitamin B12, B6, or Folate and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenbo Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Luo ◽  
Changzheng Yuan ◽  
Ding Ding
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Previous studies have indicated that B vitamin deficiencies are an essential cause of neurological pathology. There is a need to provide evidence of the benefit of B vitamins for the prevention of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Objective: To examine the association between intake and plasma levels of vitamins B12, B6, and folate and cognitive function in older populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were used to search the literature though August 8, 2019. We included observational population-based studies evaluating the association between concentrations or intake levels of vitamins B6, B12, or folate and cognition in older adults aged ≥45 years. The quality of all studies was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were analyzed by the random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by excluding the studies with significant heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-one observational studies with sample sizes ranging from 155–7030 were included in the meta-analysis. Higher levels of vitamin B12 (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61–0.97) and folate concentration (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51–0.90) were associated with better cognition in cross-sectional studies, but not in sensitivity analyses or prospective studies. High vitamin B6 concentrations showed no significant benefit on cognition and dementia risk. Prospective studies did not provide substantial evidence for the relationship. Conclusion: The results from our meta-analysis suggest that vitamins B12, B6, and folate may not be modifiable risk factors for slowing cognitive decline among community-dwelling older individuals.

Impact of exercise training on physical and cognitive function among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Falck ◽  
Jennifer C. Davis ◽  
John R. Best ◽  
Rachel A. Crockett ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Effects of dance on cognitive function among older adults: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASM Borhan ◽  
Patricia Hewston ◽  
Dafna Merom ◽  
Courtney Kennedy ◽  
George Ioannidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Medication Review in Preventing Older Adults’ Fall-Related Injury: a Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Yu Ming ◽  
Aleksandra A. Zecevic ◽  
Susan W. Hunter ◽  
Wenxin Miao ◽  
Rommel G. Tirona
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Medication Review ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background Medication review is essential in managing adverse drug reactions and improving drug safety in older adults. This systematic review evaluated medication review’s role as a single intervention or combined with other interventions in preventing fall-related injuries in older adults. Methods Electronic databases search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full texts, and performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Meta-analyses were conducted on studies with similar participants, interventions, outcomes or settings. Results Fourteen randomized, controlled studies were included. The pooled results indicated that medication review as a stand-alone intervention was effective in preventing fall-related injuries in community-dwelling older adults (Risk Difference [RD] = -0.06, 95% CI: [-0.11, -0.00], I2 = 61%, p = .04). Medication review also had a positive impact on decreasing the risk of fall-related fractures (RD = -0.02, 95% CI: [-0.04, -0.01], I2 = 0%, p = .01). Discussion This systematic review and meta-analysis has demonstrated that medication review is effective in preventing fall-related injuries in general, and fractures specifically, in community-dwelling older adults. Future investigations focusing on the process of performing medication review will further inform fall-related injury prevention for older adults.

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