scholarly journals Macular Thickness Decrease in Asymptomatic Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease: An OCT Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1728
Author(s):  
Inés López-Cuenca ◽  
Rosa de Hoz ◽  
Elena Salobrar-García ◽  
Lorena Elvira-Hurtado ◽  
Pilar Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
History Of

In this case control study, we examined the retinal thickness of the different layers in the macular region and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy cognitive subjects (from 51 to 74 years old) at high genetic risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thirty-five subjects with a family history of Alzheimer disease (AD) (FH+) and ApoE ɛ4 carriers and 29 age-matched control subjects without a family history of AD (FH−) and ApoE ɛ4 non-carriers were included. Compared to FH− ApoE ɛ4 non-carriers, in FH+ ApoE ɛ4 carriers, there were statistically significant decreases (p < 0.05) in (i) the foveal area of mRNFL; (ii) the inferior and nasal sectors in the outer and inner macular ring in the inner plexiform layer (IPL); (iii) the foveal area and the inferior sector in the outer macular ring in the inner nuclear layer (INL); and (iv) the inferior sector of the outer macular ring in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). However, no statistically significant differences were found in the peripapillary thickness of RNFL between both study groups. In subjects with cognitive health and high genetic risk for the development of AD, initial changes appeared in the macular area. OCT could be a promising, cost-effective and non-invasive test useful in early AD, before the onset of clinical symptoms.

Neuro-Retina Might Reflect Alzheimer’s Disease Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1455-1468
Author(s):  
Roberto Santangelo ◽  
Su-Chun Huang ◽  
Maria Paola Bernasconi ◽  
Monica Falautano ◽  
Giancarlo Comi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathological hallmarks were found in retinas of AD patients. Several studies showed a significant reduction of neuro-retina thickness measured through optical coherence tomography (OCT) in AD patients, but possible correlations between retina morphology, cognition, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers (Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau) have been poorly investigated so far. Objective: In the present cross-sectional study, we measured the thickness of neuro-retinal layers through OCT searching for possible correlations with patients’ cognitive performances and CSF AD biomarkers. Methods: 137 consecutive subjects [43 with AD, 37 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 57 healthy controls (HC)], received an OCT scan acquisition to measure the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. In a subsample of 21 AD, 18 MCI, and 18 HC, the macular volume of ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and inner nuclear layer was computed. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and CSF AD biomarkers’ concentrations were available in AD and MCI patients. Results: Peripapillary RNFL, global, and in superior quadrant was significantly thinner in AD and MCI patients when compared to HC, while macular GCL volume was significantly reduced only in AD. RNFL thickness in nasal and inferior quadrants was correlated with single CSF AD biomarker concentrations, but no differences were found in retina morphology depending on the presence of a CSF profile typical for AD. Memory performances were positively associated with GCL and IPL volume. Conclusion: Our findings might propose OCT as a reliable and easy to handle tool able to detect neuro-retinal atrophy in AD in relation with cognitive performances.

scholarly journals Sex differences in brain aging among adults with family history of Alzheimer’s disease and APOE4 genetic risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 102620
Author(s):  
Sivaniya Subramaniapillai ◽  
Sricharana Rajagopal ◽  
Jamie Snytte ◽  
A. Ross Otto ◽  
Gillian Einstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
History Of

The complexity of Alzheimer's disease: an evolving puzzle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Sorbi ◽  
Camilla Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Static View

The history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) started in 1907, but we needed to wait until the end of the century to identify the component of pathological hallmarks, genetic subtypes and to formulate the first pathogenic hypothesis. Thanks to biomarkers and new technologies, the concept of AD then rapidly changed from a static view of an amnestic dementia of the presenium to a biological entity that could be clinically manifested as normal cognition or dementia of different types. What is clearly emerging from studies is that AD is heterogeneous in each aspect, such as amyloid composition, tau distribution, relation between amyloid and tau, clinical symptoms, genetic background, and thus it is probably impossible to explain AD with a single pathological process. The scientific approach to AD suffers from chronological mismatches between clinical, pathological and technological data, causing difficulty in conceiving diagnostic gold standards and in creating models for drug discovery and screening. A recent mathematical computer-based approach offers the opportunity to study AD in real life and to provide a new point of view and the final missing pieces of the AD puzzle.

scholarly journals P4-573: PROXIMITY TO PARENTAL ONSET AND APOE ε4 INDEPENDENTLY CONTRIBUTE TO AMYLOID BURDEN IN MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF SPORADIC ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P1539-P1539
Author(s):  
Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo ◽  
Gemma Salvadó ◽  
Carolina Minguillón ◽  
Marta Crous-Bou ◽  
Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Amyloid Burden ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sporadic Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

scholarly journals Investigation of the Polymorphic Region in the 5' Flanking Region of the Insulin Gene in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (S4) ◽  
pp. 471-474
Author(s):  
Michael Fisman ◽  
Valerie M. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Insulin Gene ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Polymorphic Region ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
History Of

Abstract:A potential relationship between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and insulin gene expression was suggested by the observation that patients with AD have altered levels of fasting blood sugar and insulin. Since polymorphisms in the region 5' to the insulin gene have been associated with blood glucose levels, we have studied this polymorphism in AD patients. Subjects were 19 nondiabetic AD patients with symptoms of aphasia and apraxia and a family history of AD; and 20 age and sex-matched nondiabetic controls without family history of AD. The 5' polymorphic region of the insulin gene was analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion of DNA extracted from whole venous blood. We did not observe a correlation between the size of the 5' polymorphic region and AD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document