scholarly journals Craniofacial Analysis May Indicate Co-Occurrence of Skeletal Malocclusions and Associated Risks in Development of Cleft Lip and Palate

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise K. Liberton ◽  
Payal Verma ◽  
Konstantinia Almpani ◽  
Peter W. Fung ◽  
Rashmi Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Dentofacial Deformities ◽  
Dentofacial Deformity ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
The Impact

Non-syndromic orofacial clefts encompass a range of morphological changes affecting the oral cavity and the craniofacial skeleton, of which the genetic and epigenetic etiologic factors remain largely unknown. The objective of this study is to explore the contribution of underlying dentofacial deformities (also known as skeletal malocclusions) in the craniofacial morphology of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate patients (nsCLP). For that purpose, geometric morphometric analysis was performed using full skull cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients with nsCLP (n = 30), normocephalic controls (n = 60), as well as to sex- and ethnicity- matched patients with an equivalent dentofacial deformity (n = 30). Our outcome measures were shape differences among the groups quantified via principal component analysis and associated principal component loadings, as well as mean shape differences quantified via a Procrustes distance among groups. According to our results, despite the shape differences among all three groups, the nsCLP group shares many morphological similarities in the maxilla and mandible with the dentofacial deformity group. Therefore, the dentoskeletal phenotype in nsCLP could be the result of the cleft and the coexisting dentofacial deformity and not simply the impact of the cleft.

Craniofacial Morphology in Patients with Kallmann's Syndrome with and without Cleft Lip and Palate

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Mølsted ◽  
Inger Kjær ◽  
Aleksander Giwercman ◽  
Søren Vesterhauge ◽  
Niels Erik Skakkebæk
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Endocrine Treatment ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Kallmann's Syndrome ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Kallmann’S Syndrome

Objective: Kallmann's syndrome is characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia. The principal endocrine defect of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a failure to secrete luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), resulting in underdevelopment of the pituitary gonadotropes and an inability to synthesize and release luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. The purpose of the present investigation was to describe the dentition and the craniofacial morphology in patients diagnosed with Kallmann's syndrome. Design: The sample consisted of 11 patients, 2 of whom also had bilateral cleft lip and palate. Radiographic investigations, including cephalometry, were performed. Comparisons were made to normal individuals and to cleft lip individuals without Kallmann's syndrome. Results: Dentition: tooth agenesis occurred more frequently in patients with Kallmann's syndrome. Craniofacial morphology: Increased mandibular inclination and mandibular angulation were seen in Kallmann patients. When clefting also occurred, extreme retrognathism of both maxilla and mandible was seen, a deviation which seemingly worsened during growth. The anterior cranial base and the sphenoid bone showed an altered morphology in one of the patients with Kallman's syndrome. Conclusions: An early diagnosis of Kallmann's syndrome is very important because the prognosis for endocrine treatment thereby improves, and therefore, it is recommended that the sense of smell be evaluated in patients with the craniofacial morphology described.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Pharyngeal Airway Volume and Craniofacial Morphology in Patients With Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562094698
Author(s):  
Wenying Kuang ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Shaolin Li ◽  
Shiyu Yuan ◽  
Hong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Class I ◽  
Oropharyngeal Airway ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible

Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlations between the craniofacial morphology and pharyngeal airway volume in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary hospital. Participants: Twenty-seven patients with complete BCLP and 27 class I control patients, aged 10 to 14 years. Main Outcome Measure: The pharyngeal airway volume and craniofacial morphology were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography. Measurements were compared between groups and any correlations were identified. Results: A significantly smaller total pharyngeal airway volume (TPV), oropharyngeal airway volume, and upper (UOPV) and lower (LOPV) oropharyngeal airway volume were found in patients with BCLP than in class I control patients, with no difference in the nasopharyngeal volume between groups. Furthermore, the craniofacial morphology measurements of N-Me, S-Go, Or-C, Ptm-C, Me-C, Co-Go, Go-Me, Ptm-Or, N-S-Ar, and Ar-Go-Me significantly differed between the BCLP and control groups (all P < .05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that Ptm-C and Me-C; Ptm-C, Or-C, and Me-C; and Me-C explained 20.3%, 38.9%, and 17.1% of the variations in TPV ( P = .025), UOPV ( P = .002), and LOPV ( P = .018), respectively. Conclusions: Total pharyngeal airway volume, TPV, OPV, UOPV, and LOPV were significantly smaller in patients with BCLP than in class I controls. In patients with BCLP, the maxilla showed inhibited sagittal development and a retrograde position; moreover, the pharyngeal airway volume was weakly associated with the position of the maxilla and mandible relative to the coronal plane.

scholarly journals Quality of life of individuals with cleft lip and palate pre- and post-surgical correction of dentofacial deformity

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marli Luiz Beluci ◽  
Katia Flores Genaro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dentofacial Deformity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assesses the quality of life and the impact of oral health conditions in the pre- and post-surgical correction of dentofacial deformity of individuals with cleft lip and palate. METHOD Quantitative and prospective study in a referral hospital in the period from June 2011 to May 2013. A total of 50 participants responded the questionnaires World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref (WHOQOL-Bref) and Oral Health Impact Profile - 14 (OHIP-14), approximately 3 days before and 3 to 12 months after surgery. The "t" test for paired samples and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS After surgery, differences were found in the domains: Physical, Psychological, Environmental and General Questions of the WHOQOL-Bref and domains: Psychological Discomfort, Psychological Disability, Social Disability, Handicap and Overall Score of OHIP-14. CONCLUSION Surgical correction of dentofacial deformity improved quality of life and had positive impact of oral health condition.

Craniofacial Morphology in Twins with Cleft Lip and Palate

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Laatikainen ◽  
Reijo Ranta ◽  
Rolf Nordström
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Single Birth

The craniofacial morphology of 11 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 28 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) Finnish twins, discordant or concordant for cleft of the lip (CL), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), or cleft palate only (CP) were investigated by means of lateral cephalometric radiographs. The results were compared to those of age-, sex-, and cleft-type matched single-birth cleft subjects, and also with normative data from the Nordic population. The co-twins with no cleft lip or palate (NONC) showed only slightly more obtuse gonial and steeper mandibular angles compared to normative data. Twins with CL, UCLP or CP had a more retrusive mandible, a wider cranial base and mandibular angle, and a wider angle between the maxilla and mandible than did the single-birth cleft subjects. Comparison of the noncleft twin group with the CL, UCLP, and CP twin groups for the CL twins showed no significant differences. For the UCLP twins, a more retrusive and down- and backward rotation of both jaws, a wider gonial angle, and a wider cranial base angle was seen. The CP twins had their maxillae slightly retrusive, the down- and backward rotation of both jaws was apparent, and the gonial angle was more obtuse. A comparison between the noncleft MZ and noncleft CDZ twins showed no significant differences. The MZ CP twins had a more retrusive mandible and more down- and backward rotation of both jaws than did DZ CP twins. It thus can be suggested that twinning itself does not seem to have an effect on maxillofacial morphology, but the features of the mandibular structure, the cranial base angulation, and the inclination of the jaws are at least partly genetically induced.

Craniofacial Morphology in Twins with Cleft Lip and Palate

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Laatikainen ◽  
Reijo Ranta ◽  
Rolf Nordström
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology

Effects of Fetus Weight, Dam Strain, Dam Weight, and Litter Size on the Craniofacial Morphogenesis of CL/Fr Mouse Fetuses Affected with Cleft Lip and Palate

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Nonaka ◽  
Yasunori Sasaki ◽  
Yoshihisa Watanabe ◽  
Ken-ichi Yanagita ◽  
Minoru Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Mouse Fetus ◽  
Mouse Fetuses ◽  
Craniofacial Morphogenesis

Objective: This study examined the factors related to the morphogenesis of the craniofacial complex of the CL/Fr mouse fetus affected with CLP based on the findings of a lateral cephalogram. Design: Embryo transfer experiments were performed to determine the effect of the fetus weight, dam strain, dam weight, and litter size on the intra-uterine craniofacial morphogenesis of CL/Fr mouse fetuses. On the 18th gestational day, each pregnant dam that had received CL/Fr mouse embryos was laparotomized to remove the transferred fetuses that had developed in the uteri of the cleft lip and palate (CLP)-susceptible CL/Fr strain dam and the CLP-resistant C57BL strain dam. A cephalometric observation of the craniofacial morphology of each fetus was subsequently performed. Results: Based on a multiple regression analysis, the standardized partial regression coefficients of the affected fetus weight, the dam weight, and the litter size on the maxillary size of the affected CL/Fr fetus were 0.71 (p < .01), 0.03, and −0.07. According to a least-squares analysis of variance, the dam strain effect in addition to the effect of the affected fetus weight on the maxillary size and the cranial size of the affected fetuses was significant (p < .01 for cranial size, p < .05 for maxillary size) and close to a significant level (p = .09) for the mandibular size of the affected fetuses. The adjusted maxillary size and cranial size after statistically eliminating the effects of the affected fetus weight, dam weight, and lifter size on each original craniofacial size of the affected fetuses that had developed in the CL/Er dam strain were also significantly smaller than those of the affected fetuses that had developed in the C57BL dam strain. Conclusions: The present results indicate that the craniofacial growth of the CL/Fr mouse fetus affected with CLP increased in proportion to the fetus weight. The dam strain effect, in addition to the effect of the affected fetus weight, could thus not be ignored when the etiology of the spontaneous CLP was examined, while the uterine environment, provided by the CL/Fr strain dam, retarded the intra-uterine craniofacial growth of the affected fetuses. It was therefore concluded that the dam strain effect, as well as the effect of the affected fetus weight, both play an important role on the craniofacial morphogenesis of the CL/Fr strain of the affected fetuses that developed in both strain dams.

Craniofacial Morphology in Children with Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Does Infantile Size of the Premaxilla Predetermine Outcome?

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Fang Liao ◽  
Chiung-Shing Huang ◽  
Ya-Yu Tsai ◽  
M. Samuel Noordhoff
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Dental Cast ◽  
Craniofacial Characteristics

Objective To evaluate the possible association between the size of the premaxilla in infants and craniofacial morphology in children with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (CBCLP) and identify the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia (MFD). Design Retrospective study. Setting A university hospital craniofacial center. Subjects Thirty-four patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 24 boys and 10 girls, had large premaxilla (LP group). Thirty-six patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 16 boys and 20 girls, had small premaxilla (SP group). Thirteen CBCLP patients with MFD, five boys and eight girls (MFD group). Main Outcome Measures Infant maxillary dental cast at the age of 1 year was used to measure the size of the premaxilla. Cephalometric analysis was used to determine craniofacial morphology in children at the age of 5 years. Results The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP varied greatly. The LP group tended to have a longer maxilla and a more protruded maxilla, producing a better interjaw relation. The opposite phenomena were observed in the MFD group; the SP group yielded results between those of the LP and the MFD groups. Conclusion The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP can be used to predetermine subsequent craniofacial morphology at the age of 5 years. Children with nonsyndromic CBCLP had craniofacial characteristics that differed significantly from those of children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional craniofacial morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyas Abuhijleh ◽  
Halise Aydemir ◽  
Ufuk Toygar-Memikoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology

scholarly journals MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF SNP C677T OF THE GENE MTHFR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONGENITAL ISOLATED CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
V. S. Uchaeva ◽  
Yu. A. Vasiliev ◽  
A. S. Gracheva ◽  
O. V. Gulenko ◽  
I. G. Udina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Study ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Genetic Study ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Congenital Cleft ◽  
The Impact

Aim. This research was designed to conduct an associative population genetic study for the consideration of the impact of SNP C677T of the gene MTHFR in the congenital maxillofacial developmental anomalies (CMDA): congenital cleft lip (CCL), congenital cleft palate (CCP), congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) in the Krasnodar territory. The aim of the study is to establish the associations between SNP C677T of the gene MTHFR and the development of congenital cleft lip and/ or palate.Materials and methods. In this research, the peculiarities of distribution of SNP C667T of the gene MTHFR in children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate (n=223) and their mothers (n=78) in comparison with the control group (n=124) were studied in the Krasnodar territory. The genetic demographic questionnaires were gathered for children with CMDA, the information about diagnosis was obtained from the medical records. The biological samples, including blood or scrapings of oral mucosa, were collected from children with the pathology and their mothers. The DNA was extracted from the samples by the standard method. The study of the peculiarities of distribution of alleles of SNP C677T of the gene MTHFR was performed by PCR-PFLP with endonuclease Hinf I or by tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method in children with CCL, CCP, CCLP, their mothers and the control group. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed by the algorithms of the “Statistica” program.Results. While comparing the profiles of frequencies of SNP C677T in children with CCL, CCP and CCLP with the control group, there were identified no significant differences in the frequency of this SNP and no peculiarities of genotypes distribution. There was identified a significant difference in the peculiarities of genotypes distribution with the control group (G=19,5232, d.f.=1, p<0,001) as well as united genotypes (С/C и С/T) in accordance to T/T (G=10,4657, d.f.=1; p<0,001) and united genotypes (C/T и T/T) in accordance to C/C (G=15,1896, d.f.=1, p<0,001) for the mothers of children with CCL, CCP and CCLP.Conclusion. As a result of the study, we established the association of SNP C677T of the MTHFR gene with the development of congenital cleft lip and/or palate: mothers’ T/T genotype is associated with the increased risk of giving birth to a child with CCL, CCP and CCLP (in comparison with mothers with C/C+C/T genotype): odds ratio [OR]=16,63, 95% CI: 3,86-71,71; p=0,0003 and also for mothers with genotypes (C/T+T/T) in comparison with mothers with genotypes C/C: OR=3,22, CI:1,71-6,08; p=0,0002. The amount of risk is not significant in children with CMDA for T/T genotype. So it is possible to make a conclusion about the impact of C677T of the gene MTHFR in the development of CCL, CCP and CCLP only in mother’s genotype. 

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