scholarly journals Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid (500–730 Kda) Injections in Tendinopathies—A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Antonio Frizziero ◽  
Filippo Vittadini ◽  
Davide Bigliardi ◽  
Cosimo Costantino
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Usual Therapy

Tendinopathies are common causes of pain and disability in general population and athletes. Conservative treatment is largely preferred, and eccentric exercise or other modalities of therapeutic exercises are recommended. However, this approach requests several weeks of consecutive treatment and could be discouraging. In the last years, injections of different formulations were evaluated to accelerate functional recovery in combination with usual therapy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations were proposed, in particular LMW-HA (500–730 kDa) for its unique molecular characteristics in favored extracellular matrix homeostasis and tenocyte viability. The purpose of our review is to evaluate the state-of-the-art about the role of 500–730 kDa in tendinopathies considering both preclinical and clinical findings and encourage further research on this emerging topic.

scholarly journals Role of Receptor for Hyaluronic Acid-mediated Motility (RHAMM) in Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan (LMWHA)-mediated Fibrosarcoma Cell Adhesion

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (44) ◽  
pp. 38509-38520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Kouvidi ◽  
Aikaterini Berdiaki ◽  
Dragana Nikitovic ◽  
Pavlos Katonis ◽  
Nikos Afratis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Fibrosarcoma Cell

scholarly journals The role of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase-1 in obstructive sleep apnoea

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Meszaros ◽  
Adrian Kis ◽  
Laszlo Kunos ◽  
Adam Domonkos Tarnoki ◽  
David Laszlo Tarnoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Biological functions of hyaluronic acid (HA) depend on its molecular size. High-molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) is an important component of the endothelial wall and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Under inflammation or hypoxia, HMW-HA is degraded by hyaluronidases, such as HYAL-1 resulting in pro-inflammatory low-molecular weight fragments. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by intermittent hypoxia and systemic inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate circulating HMW-HA and HYAL-1 in OSA. We recruited 68 patients with OSA and 40 control volunteers. After full-night sleep study blood samples were taken for HMW-HA and HYAL-1 measurements. HYAL-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with OSA compared to controls (0.59/0.31–0.88/ng/mL vs. 0.31/0.31–0.58/ng/mL; p = 0.005) after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and smoking. There was a trend for reduced HMW-HA concentrations in OSA (31.63/18.11–59.25/ng/mL vs. 46.83/25.41–89.95/ng/mL; p = 0.068). Significant correlation was detected between circulating HMW-HA and apnoea-hypopnoea-index (r = − 0.195, p = 0.043), HYAL-1 and apnoea-hypopnoea-index (r = 0.30, p < 0.01) as well as oxygen desaturation index (r = 0.26, p < 0.01). Our results suggest that chronic hypoxia is associated with increased plasma HYAL-1 concentration and accelerated HMW-HA degradation. Altered hyaluronan metabolism may be involved in the inflammatory cascade potentially leading to endothelial dysfunction in OSA.

Polyamine metabolism and function

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (5) ◽  
pp. C212-C221 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Pegg ◽  
P. P. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Organic Cations ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Polyamine Content ◽  
And Function ◽  
Specific Inhibitors

Polyamines are ubiquitous organic cations of low molecular weight. The content of these amines is closely regulated by the cell according to the state of growth. The reactions responsible for the biosynthesis and interconversion of the polyamines and their precursor putrescine are described and the means by which polyamine content can be varied in response to exogenous stimuli are discussed. The role of polyamines in the cell cycle, cell division, tissue growth, and differentiation is considered. Recent studies using highly specific inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis such as alpha-difluoromethylornithine to prevent accumulation of polyamines have indicated that the synthesis of polyamines is intimately associated with these processes. Such inhibitors have great potential for investigation of the cellular role of polyamines.

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