scholarly journals Dynamic Prediction and Optimization of Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) for an Operating Ship in Varying Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Sun ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Ye Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Optimization ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Connection Weight ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Operational Index ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Ship Speed

The demands for lower Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) reflect the requirements of international conventions for green shipping. Within this context it is believed that practical solutions for the dynamic optimization of a ship’s main engine and the reduction of EEOI in real conditions are useful in terms of improving sustainable shipping operations. In this paper, we introduce a model for dynamic optimization of the main engine that can improve fuel efficiency and decrease EEOI. The model considers as input environmental factors that influence overall ship dynamics (e.g., wind speed, wind direction, wave height, water flow speed) and engine revolutions. Fuel consumption rate and ship speed are taken as outputs. Consequently, a genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the initial connection weight and threshold of nodes of a neural network (NN) that is used to predict fuel consumption rate and ship speed. Navigation data from the training ship “YUMING” are applied to train the network. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize engine revolution and obtain the lowest EEOI. Results show that the optimization method proposed may assist with the prediction of lower EEOI in different environmental conditions and operational speed.

Development of a Ship Performance Simulator in Actual Seas

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Tsujimoto ◽  
Naoto Sogihara ◽  
Mariko Kuroda ◽  
Akiko Sakurada
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Ship Hydrodynamic ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Ship Performance ◽  
Actual Seas ◽  
Ship Speed ◽  
Drift Forces

Greenhouse gas shall be reduced from shipping sector. For that purpose the regulation of EEDI (energy efficiency design index for new ships) and SEEMP (ship energy efficiency management plan) were entry into force from 2013. In order to improve energy efficiency of ships in service it is necessary to predict the fuel consumption in actual seas. In order to reduce GHG emission from ships, a Vessel Performance Simulator in Actual Seas has been developed. It simulates ship speed and fuel consumption at steady condition by using weather data and designated engine revolution. Physical models for hull, propeller, rudder and engine are used in the simulator. Especially steady wave forces, wind forces, drift forces, steering forces and engine/governor model are important factor for the estimation. The fuel consumption should be evaluated combined the ship hydrodynamic performance with the engine/governor characteristics. Considering the external forces by winds and waves, the operation point of the main engine is important for the estimation, since the torque limit and the other limit of the engine/governor are affected to the ship hydrodynamic performance. To prevent the increase of fuel consumption in service, the engine control system by the Fuel Index has been applied to present ships. In rough weather condition the revolution of the main engine is reduced to lower revolution by the Fuel Index limit. It causes the large decrease of ship speed but reduces the fuel consumption due to reduction of engine revolution. Using the simulator the navigation performance of a container ship, a RoRo vehicle carrier and a bulk carrier is simulated along the route. In this paper following contents are discussed; 1) evaluation of the physical model; steady wave forces, wind forces, drift forces, steering forces and engine/governor model, 2) simulation and validation of the physical model by tank tests and on-board measurements and 3) effectiveness of the ship performance simulator for GHG reduction.

INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PETROL ICE UNDER OZONIZATION OF FAM COMPONENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
A. V. Gritsenko ◽  
◽  
K. V. Glemba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Loading Method ◽  
Crankshaft Rotation ◽  
And Control

Theoretical investigation with reasoning of petrol fuel combustion in the ambient and ozone medium was made. Methods of carrying out the experiment using the engine loading method due to application of power of mechanical losses of deactivated cylinders were worked out. Experimental studies envisage determination of influence of ozone additive into fuel air mix on the basic effective ICE performance, for this purpose cyclic fuel consumption parameter was used. After the analysis of ICE performance methods and control techniques, its condition was evaluated, for this purpose a compressor meter was used with preliminary pressurization of cylinders. During the experiment in order to load the engine its third and fourth cylinders were switched off. The results showed that the utmost fuel efficiency is found at crankshaft rotation values of 1450 and 3350 min-1, when cyclic fuel consumption rate has values of 1,35 and 1,27 mg/cycle respectively, which makes 7,4 and 7,0 % from identical indicators without ozonation of air mass at the same rotations. In general, the effect of fuel air mix ozonation makes it possible to develop target petrol-operated engine rotations at smaller fuel consumption rate, this way increasing its energy efficiency.

Development of a Calculation Method for Fuel Consumption of Ships in Actual Seas With Performance Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Tsujimoto ◽  
Mariko Kuroda ◽  
Naoto Sogihara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Added Resistance ◽  
Operating Limits ◽  
Ship Hydrodynamic ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Actual Seas

Greenhouse gas shall be reduced from shipping sector. For that purpose the regulation of EEDI (energy efficiency design index for new ships) and SEEMP (ship energy efficiency management plan) have been entry into force from 2013. In order to improve the energy efficiency in ship operation it is necessary to predict the fuel consumption accurately. In actual seas the wave effect is the dominant component of the external forces. In particular it is well known the bow shape above water affects the added resistance in waves. To reflect the effect of the bow shape a method which takes into account the result of simplified tank tests is proposed here. Using the results of tank tests the effect of the bow shape above water can be evaluated with accuracy as well as with robustness. Regarding to the fuel consumption it should be evaluated by combining the ship hydrodynamic performance with the engine characteristics. Especially the operating limits of the main engine, such as the torque limit and the over load protection, are affected to the ship hydrodynamic performance. In rough weather condition the revolution of the main engine will be reduced to be below the operating limits of the engine. This causes the large decrease of ship speed. To prevent the increase of fuel consumption, a control system by Fuel Index as an index of fuel injection has been applied to some ships. The calculation method for the fuel consumption by using Fuel Index is presented. In this paper following contents are reported; 1) development of a calculation method for the added resistance due to waves combined with the simplified tank tests in short waves, 2) comparison of the calculation method with onboard measurement, 3) development of a calculation method for the fuel consumption considering the engine operating mode in actual seas and 4) comparison of the method with onboard measurement of a container ship. From these investigations the availability of the present method is confirmed.

scholarly journals Design of new clean and efficient combustion mode and thermodynamics research using NSGA-II algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2699-2706
Author(s):  
Guoqing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Combustion Mode ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Efficient Combustion

In order to study a new clean and efficient combustion mode, which can relieve the pressure of traditional energy and ensure low emissions, in this study, a diesel/natural gas dual fuel engine is designed by non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-?), and its thermodynamic characteristics are studied. The WP10.290 Diesel engine is modified into a diesel/natural gas dual fuel engine. The emissions of harmful substances and thermal efficiency of the modified engine under different working conditions are compared. The combustion chamber structure and adaptability between combustion chamber and injection parameters are optimized by using NSGA-II algorithm and CFD software. The results show that the emission of NOx and CH4 and the fuel consumption rate can be reduced simultaneously by using the composite combustion model compared with the original engine. When the CH4 emission is close to zero, the fuel consumption rate decreases obviously, and NOx slightly increases. When the angle between the injection holes is 141.57? the amount of NOx in the cylinder is large. When the injection advance angle is 21.91?CA, the pressure in the cylinder is the highest, the CH4 production is the lowest, the NOx production is higher, and the oxygen content in the combustion mixture is less. The NOx production is the lowest. diesel/natural gas dual fuel engine can ensure efficient combustion while reducing emissions. In this study, the performance of the dual fuel engine at various speeds can be further studied, which can provide theoretical support for the design of diesel/natural gas dual fuel engine.

Performance of biomass combustor based drying system for ginger drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
D. K. Vyas ◽  
N. Seth ◽  
J. J. Chavda
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Maize Cobs

A biomass combustor based dryer was evaluated with different biomass for drying of ginger. Biomass combustor based dryer consists of fuel hopper, combustion chamber, heat exchanger, grate for proper combustion of the combustible gas, chimney, ambient air inlet, hot air outlet and drying chamber. The system was evaluated at five fuel consumption rate (1 to 5 kg.h–1) and five air flow rate (100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 m3.h–1) using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes for ginger drying. The experimental performances show that the hot air temperature inside the dryer vary between 36 to 81ºC for maize cobs, 53 to 85ºC for sized wood and 49 to 87ºC for biomass briquettes at tested air flow rate and fuel consumption rate in the system. The maximum efficiency of the system was found at the fuel consumption rate of 1 kg.h–1 and 400 m3.h–1 air flow rate using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel respectively. The cost of operation of ginger drying at 1 kg.h–1 fuel consumption rate and 400 m3/h air flow rate was Rs. 32.76, 34.26, 34.76 and 55 per hour using maize cobs, sized wood, saw dust briquettes and mechanical drying system, respectively. Hence, the drying of ginger in biomass combustor based dryer using maize cobs at 1 kg.h–1 fuel consumption rate and 400 m3/h air flow rate resulted in better performance.

scholarly journals The Technological Progress of the Fuel Consumption Rate for Passenger Vehicles in China: 2009–2016

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihu Zheng ◽  
Rujie Yu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Yuhong Zou ◽  
Dongchang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

China has set stringent fuel consumption rate (FCR) targets to address the serious environmental and energy security problems caused by vehicles. Estimating the technological progress and tradeoffs between FCR and vehicle attributes is important for assessing the viability of meeting future targets. In this paper, we explored the relationship between vehicle FCR and other attributes using a regression model with data from 2009–2016. We also quantified the difference in the tradeoff between local and joint venture brands. The result showed that from 2009 to 2016, if power and curb mass were held constant, 2.3% and 2.9% annual technological progress should have been achieved for local and joint venture brands, respectively. The effectiveness of fuel-efficient technologies for joint venture brands is generally better than that of local brands. Impacts of other attributes on FCR were also assessed. The joint venture brands made more technological progress with FCR improvement than that of local brands. Even if 100% of technological progress (assume the technological progress in the future were the same as that of 2009–2016) investment were used to improve actual FCR after 2016, it would be difficult to meet 2020 target. Accelerating the adoption of fuel-efficient technologies, and controlling weight and performance, are both needed to achieve the 2020 and 2025 targets.

The Cost to Quality Ratio in Terms of Voyage Energy Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 1060-1065
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Acomi ◽  
Ovidiu Cristian Acomi ◽  
Alina Lucia Bostina ◽  
Aurel Bostina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Ship Owner ◽  
Operational Index ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Main Engine

Shipping is permanently engaged in efforts to regulate the voyage energy efficiency and to control the marine GHG emissions. In order to achieve this, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed a series of technical and operational measures. The Energy Efficiency Operational Index is one of the operational measures that can be used as a monitoring tool for the voyage optimization and represents the mass of CO2 emitted per unit of transport work. The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitiveness of using different types of marine fuels during the voyage and also to emphasize their influence over the Energy Efficiency Operational Index. The emissions from ships are directly proportional to the bunker consumption and with its quality, and this paper presents the Energy Efficiency Operational Index value for one complete voyage, varying the type of fuel for different legs for the main consumers: main engine, diesel generators, boiler and inert gas generator. The results consist in the cost to quality ratio, where the cost is the sum of money spent for different types of fuel and the quality is the ships Energy Efficiency Operational Index. The cost-to-quality ratio is presented in graphs in order to allow the ship-owner to choose the solution of protecting the marine environment, acting over the EEOI, based on the cost involved.

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