Lubricating oils impact crankshaft rotation speed in outboard motors

The most effective assessment of the quality of transmission and motor lubricating oils for marine engines in general and of outboard motors in particular can be given by practical tests on real engines. An important factor for improving the technical characteristics of outboard motors by reducing friction in the movable joints of the internal combustion engine and gearbox is the right choice of a lubricating oil. The stability of the engine crankshaft rotating speed, reducing noise and vibration during the outboard motor operation indicate good lubricating properties of the engine and transmission oil used. There are shown the results of comparative tests of outboard motors SEA-PRO T2.5 (two-stroke) and YAMAHA F4B (four-stroke) using the most common on the market lubricating oil and the oil produced by KUPPER, LLC (Russia). There are presented the illustrations of outboard motors SEA-PRO T2.5 and YAMAHA F4B. The tests were carried out in the laboratory conditions in a small experimental pool by specialists from the Outboard Motors Research and Production Laboratory of Astrakhan State Technical University. The control and measuring devices used were: a tachometer SEA-PRO TSP-02, a gas analyzer “Infrakar-A-02” with a built-in tachometer. It has been inferred that there is a direct dependence of the crankshaft rotation speed during long-term operation of the outboard motor on the quality and characteristics of the lubricating oil. The probability of the research on stationary propulsion systems in water transport is indicated.

Comparative Study of Combustible Species for 4-stroke Otto Cycle Combustion Motor and 6-stroke MUB-2 Cycle Combustion Motor with Fuel Pertamax

This paper describes the ratio of levels of combustible species (CO, HC, CO2 and lambda) of a four-cycle otto motor with a six-stroke MUB-2 motor with additional combustion duration and two working steps. The increase in combustion duration aims to re-burn combustible species that have not been completely burned in the first combustion. This study used a 4 stroke motor with a capacity of 125 cc and then modified it into a 6 stroke motorbike with twice the duration of combustion. The observed local atmospheric conditions at a relative humidity of about 76% rH, and the ambient temperature and pressure were around 24 ° C and 101.32kPa, respectively. The implementation of data retrieval with crankshaft rotation at intervals of 600 rpm from 2400 rpm to 7200 rpm.Using an anlyser gas, the MUB-2 six-stroke engine showed 12.36% CO levels, 27.30% HC levels, 30.8 CO2 levels % and 1.7% lower lambda than conventional four-stroke engines. This means that in the 6 stroke MUB-2 motor, the combustion process of the air and fuel mixture is more perfect than the conventional 4 stroke motor.

The influence of engine gyroscopic moments on vehicle transient handling

This study presents the dynamics of a 15-DOF model of the vehicle by performing simulations to investigate the vehicle handling dynamics in J-turn maneuver. Using Newton’s equations of motion, the equations of motion for the sprung and unsprung masses are all written in the vehicle coordinate system and the tire is modeled with the Pacejka 89 model. Since the engine crankshaft has a rotation relative to the vehicle coordinate system, in order to investigate the effect of the engine gyroscopic moments on the vehicle handling dynamics, the effect of the crankshaft rotation on the torque vector of external forces is considered. The direction of crankshaft rotation can change the direction of engine rotation in the direction of the wheels rotation or in the opposite direction of their rotation, which causes some changes in the gyroscopic torque vector of the engine. Due to the rotation speed of the crankshaft and its moment of inertia, the gyroscopic moments which resulted from the angular momentum of the engine crankshaft are considerable. These gyroscopic moments are added to the torque equation of external forces in the vehicle coordinate system and affect the vehicle handling dynamics. By using the numerical method of Newmark, vehicle’s dynamic behavior is investigated and the validation of its dynamic behavior is done by ADAMS/Car software. This study shows that in transverse engine, if the direction of engine rotation is in the opposite direction of the wheels, the vehicle handling dynamics is improved.

The feasibility of determining the condition of friction units of engines by the EMF magnitude

The paper is devoted to theoretical studies of the feasibility to determine the clearance size in the friction units of an internal combustion engine by the magnitude of the electromotive force (EMF) that arises in them. The effect of the contact area of the friction pairs and the clearance between them on the electrical resistance in the contact, and, accordingly, on the magnitude of the emerging EMF was theoretically confirmed. As a result of the theoretical studies, the relationship of the influence of changing clearances on the magnitude of the EMF arising in them was established. To confirm the theoretical calculations, bench studies of the UMZ-417 engine were carried out to determine the magnitude of the EMF arising in its friction pairs depending on the change in the crankshaft rotation speed, followed by micrometry of the parts. The study was carried out using the designed current collector. The obtained theoretical and experimental results confirm the feasibility of determining the condition of friction units by the magnitude of the EMF generated in them and with sufficient accuracy to determine the dynamics of the clearance size between rubbing parts.

INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PETROL ICE UNDER OZONIZATION OF FAM COMPONENTS

Theoretical investigation with reasoning of petrol fuel combustion in the ambient and ozone medium was made. Methods of carrying out the experiment using the engine loading method due to application of power of mechanical losses of deactivated cylinders were worked out. Experimental studies envisage determination of influence of ozone additive into fuel air mix on the basic effective ICE performance, for this purpose cyclic fuel consumption parameter was used. After the analysis of ICE performance methods and control techniques, its condition was evaluated, for this purpose a compressor meter was used with preliminary pressurization of cylinders. During the experiment in order to load the engine its third and fourth cylinders were switched off. The results showed that the utmost fuel efficiency is found at crankshaft rotation values of 1450 and 3350 min-1, when cyclic fuel consumption rate has values of 1,35 and 1,27 mg/cycle respectively, which makes 7,4 and 7,0 % from identical indicators without ozonation of air mass at the same rotations. In general, the effect of fuel air mix ozonation makes it possible to develop target petrol-operated engine rotations at smaller fuel consumption rate, this way increasing its energy efficiency.

THE CALCULATING MODEL OF AIR COMPRESSION PROCESS WITH LIQUID IN THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CYLINDER

The paper discusses the features and performs a preliminary analysis of the symptoms and the causes of the connecting rod damage of an internal combustion engine caused by liquid entering the cylinder (hy­drolock). Object of the study is the cylinder of an internal combustion engine when liquid enters it. Purpose of the study is to research the mechanism of compression air with a liquid in the engine cyl­inder for identifying currently absent quantitative characteristics of the phenomenon of hydrolock, which causes deformation (buckling) and subsequent destruction of the connecting rod. Method of the study is theoretical, includes the development of a methodology for calculating the variation of the air parameters during compression air with a liquid. Based on simplifying assumptions, a system of differential equations for the pressure and temperature of the air with a liquid in a cylinder is ob­tained from the equations of gas state and energy. The system is solved by numerical integration over the crankshaft rotation angle with initial conditions were obtained using the standard ICE cycle calculation soft­ware. As a result, computation of the cylinder pressure in compression process by the crankshaft rotation angle depending on the filling ration of the combustion chamber with liquid was performed. The practical use of the methodology and the results obtained consists in their application in the problems of the engine damage simulation, including the calculations of the connecting rod buckling during hydrolock, as well as to clarify the symptoms and the causes of the damage. By calculation using the developed methodology, it was found that with an increase in the amount of a liquid, the maximum pressure in the internal combustion engine cylinder rapidly increases during compres­sion, starting with the combustion chamber filling ratio of 80%. With a further increase in liquid filling, commensurate with the volume of the combustion chamber, pressure rise in the final phase of the compres­sion stroke is possible tens or even hundreds of times, which determines the damage to the connecting rod during hydrolock. KEYWORDS: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, ICE, CONNECTING ROD, CYLINDER, FAILURE, DAMAGE, HYDROLOCK, SIMULATION.

Kinematics and dynamics of automobile piston engines

The fundamentals of kinematics and dynamics of transport piston internal combustion engines made using different layout schemes are presented. Along with the traditional in-line, V-shaped, including oppositional, arrangement of cylinders, schemes with "staggered" arrangement of cylinders in the block at the displaced connecting rod necks of the crankshaft of the engine are considered. The kinematics of the coaxial crank mechanism is considered in detail. The questions of dynamics with reduction of calculated dependences of forces, moments, a choice of a rational order of work of cylinders in relation to the considered kinematic schemes are in detail stated. Considerable attention is paid to the unevenness of the crankshaft rotation speed and engine balancing. The loads on the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, the knowledge of which is necessary in determining the bearing capacity of bearing units, are also considered. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 23.03.03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes" and related areas.

Analisis Perbandingan Durasi Cam Shaft Terhadap Torsi Dan Daya Pada Motor Bensin 4 Langkah

Sepeda motor Honda Vario 110cw merupakan jenis kendaraan automatic dengan mesin konvensional yang artinya proses penyalaan campuran bahan bakar dan udara terjadi di dalam mesin itu sendiri dimana untuk menghasilkan satu tenaga dibutuhkan empat kali langkah piston atau dua kali putaran poros engkol dan satu kali putaran cam shaft. Semakin seringnya penggunaan kendaraan dalam sehari-hari akan membuat performa dari kendaraan ini akan semakin menurun ini dibuktikan dari hasil dynotest motor dalam keadaan standar di dapat hasil rata-rata torsi sebesar 7,17 N.m dan rata-rata daya sebesar 7,16 HP. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui secara detail pengaruh yang terjadi pada penggunaan cam shaft durasi 2300 dan durasi 2350. Metode yang akan di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan dynotest, berdasarkan hasil pengujian dan analisis data Cam shaft durasi 2350 menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dari cam shaft standar dan 2300 , dimana pada cam shaft durasi 2350 mendapatkan rata rata torsi sebesar 11,82 N.m. dibandingkan dengan torsi yang didapatkan cam shaft durasi 2300 sebesar 10,53 N.m. Cam shaft durasi 2350 menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dari cam shaft standar dan 2300 terhadap daya, dimana pada cam shaft durasi 2350 mendapatkan rata rata daya sebesar 8,06 HP. dibandingkan dengan daya yang didapatkan cam shaft durasi 2300 sebesar 8,02 HP.Kata Kunci : Cam Shaft, Durasi, Daya, Torsi Honda Vario 110cw motorbike is a type of automatic vehicle with conventional engines which means the ignition process of the fuel and air mixture takes place inside the engine itself where to produce one power four times the piston step or twice the crankshaft rotation and one cam shaft rotation. The more frequent use of vehicles in everyday life will make the performance of this vehicle will decrease this is evidenced from the results of the dynotest motor in a standard state with an average torque of 6.46N.m and an average power of 5.86 HP. This research was conducted with the aim to find out in detail the effect that occurred on the use of cam shafts duration of 2300 and duration of 2350. The method that will be used in this study is the experimental method. Data retrieval is done using dynotest, based on the results of testing and data analysis Cam shaft duration of 2350 shows better results than standard cam shafts and 2300, where on the cam shaft the duration of 2350 gets an average torque of 11,82 N.m. compared to the torque obtained by the cam shaft the duration of 2300 is 10,53 N.m. 2350 duration cam shafts show better results than 2300 standard cam shafts for power, where on the 2350 duration cam shafts get an average power of 8,06 HP. compared to the power obtained by the cam shaft the duration of 2300 is 8,02 HP.keyword : Cam shaft, Duration, Power, Torque

Formation and Study of Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Electronically Controlled Diesel Engine

Manufacturing companies of electronic control systems of diesel engines protect access to a program operation algorithm of the regulator that makes impossible adjustments and settings of its work, for example, at re-equipment or operational development of a new diesel engine. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the solution of the scientific and technical problem of an effective and reliable system creation of electronic control of diesel fuel supply with an open program algorithm of its work. During the current research, settlement and experimental studies of a diesel engine supplied with a system of electronic control of a crankshaft rotation frequency developed by the authors show rather high adequacy in results. The dynamic mathematical model of the single-cylinder diesel engine supplied with the electronic regulator of rotation frequency has been developed and verified.