scholarly journals Thermal Infrared Spectral Characteristics of Bunker Fuel Oil to Determine Oil-Film Thickness and API

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Guo ◽  
Bingxin Liu ◽  
Chengyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Continuum Removal

Remote sensing is an important method for monitoring marine oil-spill accidents. However, methods for measuring oil-film thickness remain insufficient. Due to the stable differences in the surface emissivity and temperature of oil and water, the oil film can be detected using thermal infrared. This study measured emissivity of seven different oil-film thicknesses and seven different American Petroleum Institute (API) densities, and analyzed the spectral characteristics. Results show an optimal wavelength position for oil-film thickness and fuel API density monitoring is 12.55 μm. Principal component analysis and continuum removal methods were used for data processing. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to establish relationships between emissivity and oil slick thicknesses and API densities. Oil-film thickness and fuel API density data were analyzed by principal component analysis and continuum removal before regression analysis. The spectral emissivity data was convolved into Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) thermal bands to determine potential of the sensor in oil-film detection. The result shows that neither could be used to estimate thickness. The AVHRR-4 band and band 12 and 13 of the ASTER could be used to separate oils from water and have potential to distinguish different oil types.

Commodity Testing and Sub-Sample Homogeneity System for the Meatspec Analyser

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M.C. Davies ◽  
Ian A. Cowe ◽  
Robin P. Withey ◽  
Colin G. Eddison ◽  
Tom Fearn
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sample Homogeneity ◽  
Pork Samples

A system based on the use of principal component analysis has been devised for testing the identity and the homogeneity of the sample being analysed by a Meatspec analyser. The system checks that the spectral characteristics of the sample are consistent with the calibration in use and rejects any sub-sample which shows a deviation from the mean of all sub-samples greater than a previously defined specification. The use of principal component distances enabled the design of a system that can accommodate the development of new calibrations for different commodities or different analytes with little additional effort by the calibration developer. Results of the application of the system when analysing for fat, moisture and protein in beef and pork samples are presented for normal beef or pork samples and test samples containing deliberately generated non-homogenous characteristics.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Germination Behaviour, Protein Secondary Structure, Techno-Functional Properties, Antinutrients, Antioxidant Capacity and Mineral Elements in Germinating Dhaincha

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Sharma ◽  
Prashant Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Slight Reduction

Research background. Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeate) is a forage legume which is primarily used for green manuring and animal feeding. Good nutritional profile of dhaincha makes it a potential alternative legume in human nutrition. However, the presence of high amount of antinutrients pose problem in its utilization for food applications. The present investigation was intended to germinate dhaincha seeds at different time-temperature regimes and to evaluate the dynamics of characteristics of germinating dhaincha to ascertain optimal germination conditions to improve its potential for utilization. Experimental approach. Dhaincha seeds were germinated at 24, 28 and 32 °C for 24, 48 and 72 h. Germinating dhaincha was evaluated for its germination characteristics and losses, spectral characteristics, techno-functionality, antinutrients, bioactive constituents, antioxidant capacity and mineral elements. Optimal balance of techno-biofunctionality of germinating dhaincha seeds was validated by principal component analysis. Results and conclusions. Sprout length and germination losses increased with the higher germination temperature and prolonged germination time. Seeds showed similar germination rate at 28 and 32 °C and it was markedly higher in contrast to germination at 24 °C Germination for 24 h resulted in mild conformational changes in the secondary structure of protein whereas germination for 48 and 72 h exhibited major conformational changes in the β-sheets, resulting in consequent improvement in the hydration and foaming properties. Progression of germination (72 h) was manifested with the reduction of tannins (24.47 %), phytic acid (16.38 %), saponins (24.58 %), trypsin inhibitor (40.33 %) and lectin activity (62.50 %). Slight reduction was observed for results of DPPH∙ (3.7%) and ABTS∙+ (18.5%) assays, whereas total flavonoids (36.14 %) and metal chelating activity (26.76 %) increased. Total phenolics, FRAP, and reducing power exhibited decline after 24 h followed by a gradual increase. Zinc extractability increased drastically by germination. Germination at 28 °C for 72 h manifested higher reduction of antinutrients with comparatively less compromise on antioxidant activity and better functional characteristics as validated by principal component analysis. Novelty and scientific contribution. Dhaincha is an unknown crop in Europe and even in Asia it is predominantly used as green manure and animal feed. This research demonstrated that that intervention of germination can transform dhaincha into a promising crop for food industry. Germinated dhaincha exhibited enhanced techno-biofunctionality for utilization in various food formulations.

A German version of the Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ): cultural adaptation and validation

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirchberger ◽  
Finger ◽  
Müller-Bühl
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
German Version ◽  
Average Completion Time ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Related Quality

Background: The Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ) is a short questionnaire for the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The objective of this study was to translate the ICQ into German and to investigate the psychometric properties of the German ICQ version in patients with IC. Patients and methods: The original English version was translated using a forward-backward method. The resulting German version was reviewed by the author of the original version and an experienced clinician. Finally, it was tested for clarity with 5 German patients with IC. A sample of 81 patients were administered the German ICQ. The sample consisted of 58.0 % male patients with a median age of 71 years and a median IC duration of 36 months. Test of feasibility included completeness of questionnaires, completion time, and ratings of clarity, length and relevance. Reliability was assessed through a retest in 13 patients at 14 days, and analysis of Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. Construct validity was investigated using principal component analysis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the ICQ scores with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) as well as clinical measures. Results: The ICQ was completely filled in by 73 subjects (90.1 %) with an average completion time of 6.3 minutes. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reached 0.75. Intra-class correlation for test-retest reliability was r = 0.88. Principal component analysis resulted in a 3 factor solution. The first factor explained 51.5 of the total variation and all items had loadings of at least 0.65 on it. The ICQ was significantly associated with the SF-36 and treadmill-walking distances whereas no association was found for resting ABPI. Conclusions: The German version of the ICQ demonstrated good feasibility, satisfactory reliability and good validity. Responsiveness should be investigated in further validation studies.

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