scholarly journals Dynamics of Germination Behaviour, Protein Secondary Structure, Techno-Functional Properties, Antinutrients, Antioxidant Capacity and Mineral Elements in Germinating Dhaincha

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Sharma ◽  
Prashant Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Slight Reduction

Research background. Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeate) is a forage legume which is primarily used for green manuring and animal feeding. Good nutritional profile of dhaincha makes it a potential alternative legume in human nutrition. However, the presence of high amount of antinutrients pose problem in its utilization for food applications. The present investigation was intended to germinate dhaincha seeds at different time-temperature regimes and to evaluate the dynamics of characteristics of germinating dhaincha to ascertain optimal germination conditions to improve its potential for utilization. Experimental approach. Dhaincha seeds were germinated at 24, 28 and 32 °C for 24, 48 and 72 h. Germinating dhaincha was evaluated for its germination characteristics and losses, spectral characteristics, techno-functionality, antinutrients, bioactive constituents, antioxidant capacity and mineral elements. Optimal balance of techno-biofunctionality of germinating dhaincha seeds was validated by principal component analysis. Results and conclusions. Sprout length and germination losses increased with the higher germination temperature and prolonged germination time. Seeds showed similar germination rate at 28 and 32 °C and it was markedly higher in contrast to germination at 24 °C Germination for 24 h resulted in mild conformational changes in the secondary structure of protein whereas germination for 48 and 72 h exhibited major conformational changes in the β-sheets, resulting in consequent improvement in the hydration and foaming properties. Progression of germination (72 h) was manifested with the reduction of tannins (24.47 %), phytic acid (16.38 %), saponins (24.58 %), trypsin inhibitor (40.33 %) and lectin activity (62.50 %). Slight reduction was observed for results of DPPH∙ (3.7%) and ABTS∙+ (18.5%) assays, whereas total flavonoids (36.14 %) and metal chelating activity (26.76 %) increased. Total phenolics, FRAP, and reducing power exhibited decline after 24 h followed by a gradual increase. Zinc extractability increased drastically by germination. Germination at 28 °C for 72 h manifested higher reduction of antinutrients with comparatively less compromise on antioxidant activity and better functional characteristics as validated by principal component analysis. Novelty and scientific contribution. Dhaincha is an unknown crop in Europe and even in Asia it is predominantly used as green manure and animal feed. This research demonstrated that that intervention of germination can transform dhaincha into a promising crop for food industry. Germinated dhaincha exhibited enhanced techno-biofunctionality for utilization in various food formulations.

An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry approach for the identification of geographical origin of wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Xingpu Qi ◽  
Zaiyong Si ◽  
Qianwei Cheng ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Energy Channel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Origins

Abstract In this work, a method was established for discriminating geographical origins of wheat flour based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) and chemometrics. 68 wheat flour samples from three different origins were collected and analyzed using ED-XRF technology. Firstly, the principal component analysis method was applied to analyze the feasibility of discrimination and reduce data dimensionality. Then, Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) was used to further extract feature variables, and 12 energy variables (corresponding to mineral elements) were identified and selected to characterize the geographical attributes of wheat flour samples. Finally, a non-linear model was constructed using principal component analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). The CARS-PCA-QDA model showed that the accuracy of five-fold cross-validation was 84.25%. The results showed that the established method was able to select important energy channel variables effectively and wheat flour could be classified based on geographical origins with chemometrics, which could provide a theoretical basis for unveiling the relationship between mineral element composition and wheat origin.

Impacts des milieux pédologiques en bosses et creux sur les teneurs en composés phénoliques et en éléments minéraux dans les feuilles d'érables à sucre (Acersaccharum) en dépérissement du Québec

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sauvesty ◽  
F. Pagé ◽  
M. Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Total N ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Foliar N

We conducted a study on the influence of microrelief on the content of phenolic compounds and mineral elements in leaves of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) at various stages of decline. The stand of origin was located in the Appalachian Highlands of Quebec, on acidic material with a microrelief constituted of hollows and bumps, the height of the latter varying between 30 and 60 cm. Well aerated podzols developed on bumps, while gleysols developed in hollows. Trees generally grew on bumps and their roots could extend as far as 5 m away from the tree. Microrelief and soils were described within a 5-m radius around every sugar maple under study. Pedological sites were classified into three categories according to their microrelief (percent surface area covered by bumps): (i) less than 30% of surface (dominance of poorly drained soils), (ii) between 30 and 50% of surface (dominance of imperfectly drained soils), and (iii) more than 50% of surface (dominance of well drained soils). A principal component analysis on site distribution and a chemical analysis of soils showed an increase in total N and in K, Ca, and Mg availability with an increase in soil humidity. The principal component analysis and chemical analysis of leaves indicated that the content of phenolic compounds was highest, and those of N and K lowest, in moistest soils. The decline was also greatest on those sites. There was a strong correlation between synthesis of phenolic compounds and foliar N contents, and between decline intensity and foliar N content. The high humidity of some soils of the study sites reduces the availability of N, causing a stress to sugar maples. This phenomenon would result in an increased synthesis of phenolic compounds and a decline in less resistant trees. Phenolic compounds could then be utilized as a physiological indicator of stress. Those results explain why healthy trees can grow next to declining trees.

Commodity Testing and Sub-Sample Homogeneity System for the Meatspec Analyser

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M.C. Davies ◽  
Ian A. Cowe ◽  
Robin P. Withey ◽  
Colin G. Eddison ◽  
Tom Fearn
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sample Homogeneity ◽  
Pork Samples

A system based on the use of principal component analysis has been devised for testing the identity and the homogeneity of the sample being analysed by a Meatspec analyser. The system checks that the spectral characteristics of the sample are consistent with the calibration in use and rejects any sub-sample which shows a deviation from the mean of all sub-samples greater than a previously defined specification. The use of principal component distances enabled the design of a system that can accommodate the development of new calibrations for different commodities or different analytes with little additional effort by the calibration developer. Results of the application of the system when analysing for fat, moisture and protein in beef and pork samples are presented for normal beef or pork samples and test samples containing deliberately generated non-homogenous characteristics.

scholarly journals Thermal Infrared Spectral Characteristics of Bunker Fuel Oil to Determine Oil-Film Thickness and API

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Guo ◽  
Bingxin Liu ◽  
Chengyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Continuum Removal

Remote sensing is an important method for monitoring marine oil-spill accidents. However, methods for measuring oil-film thickness remain insufficient. Due to the stable differences in the surface emissivity and temperature of oil and water, the oil film can be detected using thermal infrared. This study measured emissivity of seven different oil-film thicknesses and seven different American Petroleum Institute (API) densities, and analyzed the spectral characteristics. Results show an optimal wavelength position for oil-film thickness and fuel API density monitoring is 12.55 μm. Principal component analysis and continuum removal methods were used for data processing. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to establish relationships between emissivity and oil slick thicknesses and API densities. Oil-film thickness and fuel API density data were analyzed by principal component analysis and continuum removal before regression analysis. The spectral emissivity data was convolved into Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) thermal bands to determine potential of the sensor in oil-film detection. The result shows that neither could be used to estimate thickness. The AVHRR-4 band and band 12 and 13 of the ASTER could be used to separate oils from water and have potential to distinguish different oil types.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document