scholarly journals Coupled Flow-Seepage–Elastoplastic Modeling for Competition Mechanism between Lateral Instability and Tunnel Erosion of a Submarine Pipeline

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Yumin Shi ◽  
Fuping Gao ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Yin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Ocean Currents ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Transition Line ◽  
Coupled Flow ◽  
Lateral Instability ◽  
Critical Flow Velocity ◽  
Competition Mechanism ◽  
Instability Modes ◽  
Elastoplastic Modeling

The instability of a partially embedded pipeline under ocean currents involves complex fluid–pipe–soil interactions, which may induce two typical instability modes; i.e., the lateral instability of the pipe and the tunnel erosion of the underlying soil. In previous studies, such two instability modes were widely investigated, but separately. To reveal the competition mechanism between the lateral instability and the tunnel erosion, a coupled flow-seepage–elastoplastic modeling approach was proposed that could realize the synchronous simulation of the pipe hydrodynamics, the seepage flow, and elastoplastic behavior of the seabed soil beneath the pipe. The coupling algorithm was provided for flow-seepage–elastoplastic simulations. The proposed model was verified through experimental and numerical results. Based on the instability criteria for the lateral instability and tunnel erosion, the two instability modes and their corresponding critical flow velocities could be determined. The instability envelope for the flow–pipe–soil interaction was established eventually, and could be described by three parameters; i.e., the critical flow velocity (Ucr), the embedment-to-diameter ratio (e/D), and the non-dimensional submerged weight of the pipe (G). There existed a transition line on the envelope when switching from one instability mode to the other. If the flow velocity of ocean currents gets beyond the instability envelope, either tunnel erosion or lateral instability could be triggered. With increasing e/D or concurrently decreasing G, the lateral instability was more prone to being triggered than the tunnel erosion. The present analyses may provide a physical insight into the dual-mode competition mechanism for the current-induced instability of submarine pipelines.

scholarly journals Hybrid Scour Depth Prediction Equations for Reliable Design of Bridge Piers

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2019
Author(s):  
Hossein Hamidifar ◽  
Faezeh Zanganeh-Inaloo ◽  
Iacopo Carnacina
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Critical Velocity ◽  
Depth Estimation ◽  
Hybrid Models ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Scour Depth ◽  
Critical Flow Velocity ◽  
Estimation Equations

Numerous models have been proposed in the past to predict the maximum scour depth around bridge piers. These studies have all focused on the different parameters that could affect the maximum scour depth and the model accuracy. One of the main parameters individuated is the critical velocity of the approaching flow. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of different equations to determine the critical flow velocity on the accuracy of models for estimating the maximum scour depth around bridge piers. Here, 10 scour depth estimation equations, which include the critical flow velocity as one of the influencing parameters, and 8 critical velocity estimation equations were examined, for a total combination of 80 hybrid models. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the selected scour depth equations to the critical velocity was investigated. The results of the selected models were compared with experimental data, and the best hybrid models were identified using statistical indicators. The accuracy of the best models, including YJAF-VRAD, YJAF-VARN, and YJAI-VRAD models, was also evaluated using field data available in the literature. Finally, correction factors were implied to the selected models to increase their accuracy in predicting the maximum scour depth.

An Analysis of In-Flow Fluidelastic Instability Based on a Physical Insight

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomichi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomenon ◽  
Critical Flow Velocity ◽  
Fluid Force ◽  
Tube Arrays ◽  
Fluidelastic Instability

Fluidelastic vibration of tube arrays caused by cross-flow has recently been highlighted by a practical event. There have been many studies on fluidelastic instability, but almost all works have been devoted to the tube-vibration in the transverse direction to the flow. For this reason, there are few data on the fluidelastic forces for the in-flow movement of the tubes, although the measured data on the stability boundary has gradually increased. The most popular method to estimate the fluidelastic force is to measure the force acting on tubes due to the flow, combined with the movement of the tubes. However, this method does not give the physical explanation of the root-cause of fluidelastic instability. In the work reported here, the in-flow instability is assumed to be a nonlinear phenomenon with a retarded or delayed action between adjacent tubes. The fluid force acting on tubes are estimated, based on the measured data in another paper for the fixed cylinders with distributed pressure sensors on the surface of the cylinders. The fluid force acting on the downstream-cylinder is assumed in this paper to have a delayed time basically based on the distance between the separation point of the upstream-cylinder to the re-attachment point, where the fluid flows with a certain flow velocity. Two models are considered: a two-cylinder and three–cylinder models, based on the same dimensions as our experimental data to check the critical flow velocity. Both models show the same order of the critical flow velocity and a similar trend for the effect of the pitch-to-diameter ratio of the tube arrays, which indicates this analysis has a potential to explain the in-flow instability if an adequate fluid force is used.

scholarly journals The Rule of Carrying Cuttings in Horizontal Well Drilling of Marine Natural Gas Hydrate

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wei ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Zhenjun Cui ◽  
Lin Jiang ◽  
Wantong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
Critical Flow Velocity ◽  
Orthogonal Test Method

Horizontal well drilling is a highly effective way to develop marine gas hydrate. During the drilling of horizontal wells in the marine gas hydrate layer, hydrate particles and cutting particles will migrate with the drilling fluid in the horizontal annulus. The gravity of cuttings is easy to deposit in the horizontal section, leading to the accumulation of cuttings. Then, a cuttings bed will be formed, which is not beneficial to bring up cuttings and results in the decrease of wellbore purification ability. Then the extended capability of the horizontal well will be restricted and the friction torque of the drilling tool will increase, which may cause blockage of the wellbore in severe cases. Therefore, this paper establishes geometric models of different hole enlargement ways: right-angle expansion, 45-degree angle expansion, and arc expanding. The critical velocity of carrying rock plates are obtained by EDEM and FLUENT coupling simulation in different hydrate abundance, different hydrate-cuttings particle sizes and different drilling fluid density. Then, the effects of hole enlargement way, particle size, hydrate abundance and drilling fluid density on rock carrying capacity are analyzed by utilizing an orthogonal test method. Simulation results show that: the critical flow velocity required for carrying cuttings increases with the increase of the particle size of the hydrate-cuttings particle when the hydrate abundance is constant. The critical flow velocity decreases with the increase of drilling fluid density, the critical flow velocity carrying cuttings decreases with the increase of hydrate abundance when the density of the drilling fluid is constant. Orthogonal test method was used to evaluate the influence of various factors on rock carrying capacity: hydrate-cuttings particle size > hole enlargement way > hydrate abundance > drilling fluid density. This study provides an early technical support for the construction parameter optimization and well safety control of horizontal well exploitation models in a marine natural gas hydrate reservoir.

Transition between laminar and turbulent flow in human trachea

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Critical Flow Velocity ◽  
Cylindrical Tubes ◽  
Laminar And Turbulent Flow ◽  
Human Trachea ◽  
The Mean

The critical velocities at which turbulence appears were determined, during the flow of both water and air, in 21 transparent plastic casts of human tracheae. The flow patterns varied considerably in casts from different individuals. The critical flow velocity of air moving through tracheal casts without the larynx averaged about 350 ml of air per second. In tracheal casts including the larynx, with the glottis in cadaveric position, the critical inspiratory flow was about 50 ml of air per second. With the glottis opened into a more natural position, the critical inspiratory flow velocity was higher, about 100 ml of air per second. The mean value of the critical expiratory flow was 122 ml of air per second. Air flow in the trachea of most individuals is probably turbulent during the greater part of normal respiratory activity. Calculation of critical flow velocities in the airways by means of Reynolds' formula for smooth cylindrical tubes leads to erroneously high values. Submitted on April 24, 1961

Active Feedback Control of Leakage-Flow-Induced Sheet Flutter by Injection and Suction of Fluid at Inlet or Outlet of Passage

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Watanabe ◽  
Yutaka Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Critical Flow Velocity ◽  
Active Feedback ◽  
Narrow Passage ◽  
Active Feedback Control

This paper proposes and develops a new non-contact active feedback control of leakage-flow-induced sheet flutter in a narrow passage, by injection and suction of fluid at inlet or outlet of the passage. The strategy of this active control technique is that the active feedback, which is by the activation of the injection/suction of the fluid at the inlet or outlet of the passage, suppresses the original source of the self-exciting fluid force acting on the structure, i.e., cancels the self-excited feedback mechanism. In this paper, the effective suppression of the leakage-flow-induced sheet flutter by the active feedback control technique is demonstrated experimentally. A flexible sheet, as a controlled object, is subjected to fluid flow in a narrow passage. The leakage-flow-induced flutter occurs to the flexible sheet in the translational motion over the critical flow velocity. The leakage-flow-induced sheet flutter is actively controlled and suppressed by the activation of injection/suction of the fluid at the inlet or outlet of the passage. The critical flow velocity under the controlled condition is examined with varying the controller gain and phase-shift between the injection/suction of the fluid and the sensor (vibration displacement) signal of the flexible sheet. As a result, it is indicated experimentally that the active feedback control technique increases the critical flow velocity, and suppress the leakage-flow-induced sheet flutter effectively. Moreover, the control performance is examined experimentally, and stabilization mechanism by the active feedback control is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document