Ingredients, Functionality, and Safety of the Japanese Traditional Sweet Drink Amazake

The sweet drink amazake is a fermented food made from Aspergillus oryzae and related koji molds in Japan. There are two types of drinks called amazake, one made from koji (koji amazake) and the other made from sake lees, a by-product of sake (sakekasu amazake). The sweetness of koji amazake is from glucose, derived from starch broken down by A. oryzae amylase. The other, sakekasu amazake, depends on added sugar. The main components are glucose and sucrose, but they also contain more than 300 other ingredients. Koji amazake contains oligosaccharides and ergothioneine, and sakekasu amazake has a resistant protein and α-ethyl glucoside, which are characteristic ingredients of each amazake. However, there are also common ingredients such as glycosylceramide. Functionality is known to include anti-fatigue, bowel movement, skin barrier, and other effects on human health. In particular, the bowel movement-improving effects have been well studied for both amazakes. These functions result from ingesting approximately 100 mL per day, but human clinical trials have clarified that this amount has no effect on blood glucose levels and weight gain. In the future, the identification of substances associated with each function is required.

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THE EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY, DIHYDROERGOTAMINE, AND DIBENZYLINE ON THE SENSITIVITY OF RATS TO TOLBUTAMIDE

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o63-246 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 2189-2195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosemary D. Hawkins ◽

R. E. Haist

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

The Other ◽

Compensatory Mechanisms ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tail Blood ◽

Adrenalectomized Rats ◽

Intact Rats

In the rat, the magnitude of the hypoglycaemic response to a dose of tolbutamide (50 mg/kg per os) which does not depress blood glucose levels to the point where adrenal compensatory mechanisms are stimulated is unaffected by adrenalectomy. On the other hand, when a dose is given which induces a greater hypoglycaemia (100 mg/kg per os) a very significant difference between adrenalectomized and sham-operated animals is observed, the adrenalectomized rats displaying a far greater sensitivity to the hypoglycaemic action of this compound. In intact rats, the hypoglycaemia induced by tolbutamide (100 mg/kg per os) is lessened by pretreatment of the animals with Dibenzyline (4 mg/kg) but enhanced by the prior injection of dihydroergotamine (2 mg/kg). Larger doses of dihydroergotamine alone cause a reduction in glucose levels of tail blood which is greater than that found in carotid blood samples withdrawn at the same times.

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Oreocnide integrifoliaFlavonoids Augment Reprogramming for Islet Neogenesis andβ-Cell Regeneration in Pancreatectomized BALB/c Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/260467 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ansarullah ◽

Bhavna Bharucha ◽

Malati Umarani ◽

Mitesh Dwivedi ◽

Naresh C. Laddha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Brdu Incorporation ◽

Cell Regeneration ◽

Mice Model ◽

Islet Neogenesis ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Ductal Cells ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Agents which can either trigger proliferation ofβ-cells or induce neogenesis ofβ-cells from precursors would be of pivotal role in reversing diabetic manifestations. We examined the role of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) ofOreocnide integrifolialeaves using a mice model of experimental regeneration. BALB/c mice were subjected to ~70% pancreatectomy (Px) and supplemented with FRF for 7, 14, and 21 days after pancreatectomy. Px animals displayed increased blood glucose levels and decreased insulin titres which were ameliorated by FRF supplementation. FRF-treated mice demonstrated prominent newly formed islets budding off from ducts and depicting increased BrdU incorporation. Additionally, transcripts levels of Ins1/2, Reg-3α/γ, Ngn-3, and Pdx-1 were upregulated during the initial 1 week. The present study provides evidence of a nutraceutical contributing to islet neogenesis from ductal cells as the mode ofβ-cell regeneration and a potential therapeutic for clinical trials in management of diabetic manifestations.

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Swallowing food without chewing; a simple way to reduce postprandial glycaemia

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19860008 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

N. W. Read ◽

I. McL. Welch ◽

C. J. Austen ◽

C. Barnish ◽

C. E. Bartlett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Slow Release ◽

The Other ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Glycaemic Response ◽

Healthy Human ◽

White Rice ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Human Volunteers

1. The degree to which disruption by mastication affects the glycaemic response to four different carbohydrate foods was investigated in healthy human volunteers; each food was eaten by six subjects.2. Subjects ate meals of sweetcorn, white rice, diced apple or potato on two occasions; on one occasion they chewed the food thoroughly, on the other occasion they swallowed each mouthful without chewing it.3. When the foods were chewed the postprandial blood glucose levels rose to levels which vaned according to the food ingested.4. Swallowing without chewing reduced the glycaemic response to each food, achieving a similar effect as administration of viscous polysaccharides or ‘slow-release’ carbohydrates.

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THE EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY, DIHYDROERGOTAMINE, AND DIBENZYLINE ON THE SENSITIVITY OF RATS TO TOLBUTAMIDE

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y63-246 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 2189-2195

Author(s):

Rosemary D. Hawkins ◽

R. E. Haist

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

The Other ◽

Compensatory Mechanisms ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tail Blood ◽

Adrenalectomized Rats ◽

Intact Rats

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Lifestyle Modification Therapy in Diabetes Disease: A Review Article

Endocrinology and Disorders ◽

10.31579/2640-1045/112 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 01-03

Author(s):

Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur ◽

Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur ◽

Soesilaningtyas Soesilaningtyas ◽

Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur ◽

Mega Kahdina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

The Other ◽

Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Nutritional Management ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Other Hand ◽

Onset Of Diabetes

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from disturbances in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Insulin is a hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells, which is needed to utilize glucose from digested food. Comprehensive care is taken to treat patients with either prediabetes or diabetes. Diabetes management includes lifestyle interventions along with pharmacologic therapy and routine blood glucose monitoring. So that a decrease in blood glucose can occur and can be stable for a long time. Discussion:Lifestyle modification is an economical treatment that saves costs to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes. On the other hand, nutritional management provided by a dietitian is also recommended. Moderate weight loss goals are an important component of diabetes prevention and treatment, as large body weight can increase blood glucose levels, and can also have an increasing impact on blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Weight loss can be achieved through a balanced diet, with total control of calories and free carbohydrates. However, for diabetic patients following a low-carbohydrate diet, they should be informed about possible side effects such as hypoglycemia, headaches and constipation. Other studies have suggested the consumption of complex dietary fiber and whole grains to improve blood sugar control. Greater adherence to diet combined with light physical activity was associated with a lower likelihood of diabetes after adjusting for various factors. Conclusion:Lifestyle modification is a fairly cost-effective treatment to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes, with a risk reduction of about 58% in 3 years. It is strongly recommended by the ADA that patients with IGT, IFG or HbA1C levels of 5.7-6.4% be counseled on lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. On the other hand, nutritional management provided by a dietitian is also recommended.

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A New Islet Transplantation Method Combining Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Recombinant Peptide Pieces, Microencapsulated Islets, and Mesh Bags

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8090299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 299

Author(s):

Ryo Kogawa ◽

Kentaro Nakamura ◽

Yusuke Mochizuki

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Islet Transplantation ◽

The Other ◽

Recombinant Peptide ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Transplantation Site ◽

Mesh Bag

Microencapsulated islet transplantation was widely studied as a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, micro-encapsulated islet transplantation has the following problems—early dysfunction of the islets due to the inflammatory reaction at the transplantation site, and hyponutrition and hypoxia due to a lack of blood vessels around the transplantation site, and difficulty in removal of the islets. On the other hand, we proposed a cell transplantation technique called CellSaic, which was reported to enhance the vascular induction effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in CellSaic form, and to enhance the effect of islet transplantation through co-transplantation. Therefore, we performed islet transplantation in diabetic mice by combining three components—microencapsulated islets, MSC-CellSaic, and a mesh bag that encapsulates them and enables their removal. Mesh pockets were implanted in the peritoneal cavity of Balb/c mice as implantation sites. After 4 weeks of implantation, a pocket was opened and transplanted with (1) pancreatic islets, (2) microencapsulated islets, and (3) microencapsulated islets + MSC-CellSaic. Four weeks of observation of blood glucose levels showed that the MSC-CellSaic co-transplant group showed a marked decrease in blood glucose levels, compared to the other groups. A three-component configuration of microcapsules, MSC-CellSaic, and mesh bag was shown to enhance the efficacy of islet transplantation.

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