scholarly journals Pathogenesis and Management of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
Khalid O. Alfarouk ◽  
Sari T. S. AlHoufie ◽  
Samrein B. M. Ahmed ◽  
Mona Shabana ◽  
Ahmed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Road Map ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Global War

COVID-19, occurring due to SARS-COV-2 infection, is the most recent pandemic disease that has led to three million deaths at the time of writing. A great deal of effort has been directed towards altering the virus trajectory and/or managing the interactions of the virus with its subsequent targets in the human body; these interactions can lead to a chain reaction-like state manifested by a cytokine storm and progress to multiple organ failure. During cytokine storms the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory mediators is generally increased, which contributes to the instigation of hyper-inflammation and confers advantages to the virus. Because cytokine expression patterns fluctuate from one person to another and even within the same person from one time to another, we suggest a road map of COVID-19 management using an individual approach instead of focusing on the blockbuster process (one treatment for most people, if not all). Here, we highlight the biology of the virus, study the interaction between the virus and humans, and present potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological modulators that might contribute to the global war against SARS-COV-2. We suggest an algorithmic roadmap to manage COVID-19.

Release of anti-inflammatory mediators after major torso trauma correlates with the development of postinjury multiple organ failure

1999 ◽  
Vol 178 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Partrick ◽  
Ernest E Moore ◽  
Frederick A Moore ◽  
Walter L Biffl ◽  
Carlton C Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Torso Trauma

scholarly journals Cytokine Reduction in the Setting of an ARDS-Associated Inflammatory Response with Multiple Organ Failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Träger ◽  
Christian Schütz ◽  
Günther Fischer ◽  
Janpeter Schröder ◽  
Christian Skrabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Respiratory Weaning

A 45-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with a small bowel obstruction due to torsion and was immediately scheduled for surgical intervention. At anesthesia induction, the patient aspirated and subsequently developed a severe SIRS with ARDS and multiple organ failure requiring the use of ECMO, CRRT, antibiotics, and low dose steroids. Due to a rapid deterioration in clinical status and a concurrent surge in inflammatory biomarkers, an extracorporeal cytokine adsorber (CytoSorb) was added to the CRRT blood circuit. The combined treatment resulted in a rapid and significant reduction in the levels of circulating inflammatory mediators. This decrease was paralleled by marked clinical stabilization of the patient including a significant improvement in hemodynamic stability and a reduced need for norepinephrine and improved respiratory function as measured by PaO2/FIO2, ventilator parameters, lung mechanics, and indirect measures of capillary leak syndrome. The patient could be discharged to a respiratory weaning unit where successful respiratory weaning could be achieved later on. We attribute the clinical improvement to the rapid control of the hyperinflammatory response and the reduction of inflammatory mediators using a combination of CytoSorb and these other therapies. CytoSorb treatment was safe and well tolerated, with no device-related adverse effects observed.

scholarly journals Characteristics of complex therapy of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases in COVID-19 pandemic conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
R.R. Samigullina ◽  
◽  
V.I. Mazurov ◽  
E.A. Trofimov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Complex Therapy

The rapid spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) requires innovative solutions, including tactics optimization in using genetically engineered and targeted drugs in patients with immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (RD). The authors studied the characteristics of the complex therapy of immuno-inflammatory RD in the COVID-19 pandemic conditions, analyzed the COVID-19 course in patients with RD who received combined therapy with genetically engineered and basic synthetic anti-rheumatic drugs and were under follow-up from March 2020 to March 2021. The researchers found that synthetic basic (methotrexate, leflunomide, etc.), targeted synthetic (tofacitinib, baricitinib, apremilast) and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used in the RD treatment, except high-dose glucocorticoids and anti-B cell drugs (rituximab), do not have a negative effect and are not associated with a severe COVID-19 course. The use of interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors is the standard pathogenetic therapy for cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19. Proactive therapy with IL-6 inhibitors provides inhibition of systemic inflammation and contributes to the suppression of cytokine storm syndrome, preventing the development of multiple organ failure and fatal outcome. KEYWORDS: rheumatic diseases, cytokine storm, multiple organ failure, genetically engineered biological drugs, interleukin-6, COVID-19. FOR CITATION: Samigullina R.R., Mazurov V.I., Trofimov E.A. Characteristics of complex therapy of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):260–267 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021- 5-5-260-267.

Efficacy of Two Combinations of Blood Purification Techniques for the Treatment of Multiple Organ Failure Induced by Wasp Stings

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yuan ◽  
Shuangqin Chen ◽  
Fengqi Hu ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Wasp Venom ◽  
Wasp Stings

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the clinical efficacy of 2 combinations of blood purification techniques in patients with sting venom-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Methods: A total of 23 patients received 35 sessions of hemoperfusion (HP) + continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) treatment and 22 sessions of plasma exchange (PE) + CVVHDF treatment, respectively. Results: Both HP + CVVHDF and PE + CVVHDF reduced the levels of inflammation, thus improving our patients' health condition. Moreover, PE + CVVHDF was found to be significantly more effective in reducing the levels of specific liver function markers and inflammatory mediators, as well as shortening prothrombin time and increasing the levels of serum albumin. Conclusion: Both combinations of blood purification techniques were capable of improving MODS. However, the PE + CVVHDF approach was more efficient for the removal of wasp venom and inflammatory mediators from the blood.

Phospholipase A2 Regulates Critical Inflammatory Mediators of Multiple Organ Failure

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O. Anderson ◽  
Ernest E. Moore ◽  
Anirban Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Multiple Organ

Inflammatory mediators in relation to the development of multiple organ failure in patients after severe blunt trauma

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi M. H. Roumen ◽  
Heinz Redl ◽  
Gunther Schlag ◽  
Gertrud Zilow ◽  
Wolfgang Sandtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Multiple Organ

scholarly journals Cytokine Storm Syndrome in Covid-19 Patients: Characteristics and Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rim M Harfouch ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Critical Condition ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Haemodynamic Instability ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cytokine Activation ◽  
Global Pandemic

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a critical condition induced by a cascade of cytokine activation, characterized by overwhelming systemic inflammation, hyperferritinaemia, haemodynamic instability and multiple organ failure. At the end of 2019, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly developed into a global pandemic. There is a dramatic increase of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, suggesting the existence of cytokine storm in some critical illness patients. Here, we summarize the p

scholarly journals Surviving the Rookie Virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2): The Immunopathology of a SARS-CoV2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972199376
Author(s):  
Sheng Feng Tsai ◽  
Kang-Yun Lu ◽  
Hong-Meng Chuang ◽  
Ching-Ann Liu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Global Pandemic

Until July 29th, the number of confirmed coronavirus (COVID-19) cases worldwide has risen to over 16 million, within which 655 k deaths. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) emerges as the 11th global pandemic disease, showing the highest infectivity and lowest infection fatality rate. In this review, we compare the immunopathology among SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and SARS-CoV2. SARS-CoV2 is similar to SARS-CoV; it can cause lymphocytopenia and a rising granulocyte count. Here we point out the human body and concentrated society make for an excellent incubator for virus evolution. Most research energies put into developing the SARS-CoV2 vaccine are trying to block virus infection. Sixty-five percent of severe patients die with multiple organ failure, inflammation, and cytokine storm, which indicates that the patient’s immune system maintains functionality. Finding a way to trigger the specific T cell subset and plasmablast in our body is the best shot to get away with SARS-CoV2.

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