scholarly journals Is Low Heart Rate Variability Associated with Emotional Dysregulation, Psychopathological Dimensions, and Prefrontal Dysfunctions? An Integrative View

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Lorena Angela Cattaneo ◽  
Anna Chiara Franquillo ◽  
Alessandro Grecucci ◽  
Laura Beccia ◽  
Vincenzo Caretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Polyvagal Theory ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Starting Point

Several studies have suggested a correlation between heart rate variability (HRV), emotion regulation (ER), psychopathological conditions, and cognitive functions in the past two decades. Specifically, recent data seem to support the hypothesis that low-frequency heart rate variability (LF-HRV), an index of sympathetic cardiac control, correlates with worse executive performances, worse ER, and specific psychopathological dimensions. The present work aims to review the previous findings on these topics and integrate them from two main cornerstones of this perspective: Porges’ Polyvagal Theory and Thayer and Lane’s Neurovisceral Integration Model, which are necessary to understand these associations better. For this reason, based on these two approaches, we point out that low HRV is associated with emotional dysregulation, worse cognitive performance, and transversal psychopathological conditions. We report studies that underline the importance of considering the heart-brain relation in order to shed light on the necessity to implement psychophysiology into a broader perspective on emotions, mental health, and good cognitive functioning. This integration is beneficial not only as a theoretical ground from which to start for further research studies but as a starting point for new theoretical perspectives useful in clinical practice.

Heart Rate Variability Anatomy and Physiology

Biofeedback ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Shaffer ◽  
John Venner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Polyvagal Theory ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Cardiovascular Rehabilitation ◽  
Resonance Frequency Breathing ◽  
Different Time Scales

Heart rate variability (HRV) is generated by the interaction of multiple regulatory mechanisms that operate on different time scales. This article examines the regulation of the heart, the meaning of HRV, Thayer and Lane's neurovisceral integration model, the sources of HRV, HRV frequency and time domain measurements, Porges's polyvagal theory, and resonance frequency breathing. The medical implications of HRV biofeedback for cardiovascular rehabilitation and inflammatory disorders are considered.

scholarly journals Resting high frequency heart rate variability is not associated with the recognition of emotional facial expressions in healthy human adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Beffara ◽  
Nicolas Vermeulen ◽  
Martial Mermillod
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Polyvagal Theory ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Human Adults

This study explores whether the myelinated vagal connection between the heart and the brain is involved in emotion recognition. The Polyvagal theory postulates that the activity of the myelinated vagus nerve underlies socio-emotional skills. It has been proposed that the perception of emotions could be one of this skills dependent on heart-brain interactions. However, this assumption was differently supported by diverging results suggesting that it could be related to confounded factors. In the current study, we recorded the resting state vagal activity (reflected by High Frequency Heart Rate Variability, HF-HRV) of 77 (68 suitable for analysis) healthy human adults and measured their ability to identify dynamic emotional facial expressions. Results show that HF-HRV is not related to the recognition of emotional facial expressions in healthy human adults. We discuss this result in the frameworks of the polyvagal theory and the neurovisceral integration model.

Heart Rate Variability, Emotions, and Music

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riganello ◽  
A. Candelieri ◽  
M. Quintieri ◽  
G. Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Emotional Value

The purpose of the study was to identify significant changes in heart rate variability (an emerging descriptor of emotional conditions; HRV) concomitant to complex auditory stimuli with emotional value (music). In healthy controls, traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients, and subjects in the vegetative state (VS) the heart beat was continuously recorded while the subjects were passively listening to each of four music samples of different authorship. The heart rate (parametric and nonparametric) frequency spectra were computed and the spectra descriptors were processed by data-mining procedures. Data-mining sorted the nu_lf (normalized parameter unit of the spectrum low frequency range) as the significant descriptor by which the healthy controls, TBI patients, and VS subjects’ HRV responses to music could be clustered in classes matching those defined by the controls and TBI patients’ subjective reports. These findings promote the potential for HRV to reflect complex emotional stimuli and suggest that residual emotional reactions continue to occur in VS. HRV descriptors and data-mining appear applicable in brain function research in the absence of consciousness.

Long Term Effects of Low Frequency (10 Hz) Vagus Nerve Stimulation on EEG and Heart Rate Variability in Crohn's Disease: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Clarençon ◽  
Sonia Pellissier ◽  
Valérie Sinniger ◽  
Astrid Kibleur ◽  
Dominique Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Comparing low frequency heart rate variability and preejection period: Two sides of a different coin

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annebet D. Goedhart ◽  
G. Willemsen ◽  
Jan H. Houtveen ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
Eco J. C. De Geus
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Two Sides

scholarly journals The Influence ofNrf2on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Howden ◽  
Eva Gougian ◽  
Marcus Lawrence ◽  
Samantha Cividanes ◽  
Wesley Gladwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Cardiac Responses

Nrf2protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role ofNrf2on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption ofNrf2would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures.Nrf2-/-andNrf2+/+mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P<0.001) and HF HRV (P<0.001) inNrf2-/-mice compared toNrf2+/+mice.Nrf2-/-mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less thanNrf2+/+mice (~22 hrs;P<0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater inNrf2-/-compared toNrf2+/+mice (P<0.01). Results demonstrate thatNrf2deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations.

scholarly journals Effect of Acupuncture on Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne W. Y. Chung ◽  
Vincent C. M. Yan ◽  
Hongwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group

Aim.To summarize all relevant trials and critically evaluate the effect of acupuncture on heart rate variability (HRV).Method.This was a systematic review with meta-analysis. Keyword search was conducted in 7 databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data extraction and risk of bias were done.Results.Fourteen included studies showed a decreasing effect of acupuncture on low frequency (LF) and low frequency to high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) of HRV for nonhealthy subjects and on normalized low frequency (LF norm) for healthy subjects. The overall effect was in favour of the sham/control group for high frequency (HF) in nonhealthy subjects and for normalized high frequency (HF norm) in healthy subjects. Significant decreasing effect on HF and LF/HF ratio of HRV when acupuncture was performed on ST36 among healthy subjects and PC6 among both healthy and nonhealthy subjects, respectively.Discussion.This study partially supports the possible effect of acupuncture in modulating the LF of HRV in both healthy and nonhealthy subjects, while previous review reported that acupuncture did not have any convincing effect on HRV in healthy subjects. More published work is needed in this area to determine if HRV can be an indicator of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture.

Modulation of Neurocardiac Function by Oesophageal Stimulation in Humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervais Tougas ◽  
Markad Kamath ◽  
Geena Watteel ◽  
Debbie Fitzpatrick ◽  
Ernest L. Fallen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Autonomic Reflexes ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Beat Heart

1. The heart and the oesophagus have similar sensory pathways, and sensations originating from the oesophagus are often difficult to differentiate from those of cardiac origin. We hypothesized that oesophageal sensory stimuli could alter neurocardiac function through autonomic reflexes elicited by these oesophageal stimuli. In the present study, we examined the neurocardiac response to oesophageal stimulation and the effects of electrical and mechanical oesophageal stimulation on the power spectrum of beat-to-beat heart rate variability in male volunteers. 2. In 14 healthy volunteers, beat-to-beat heart rate variability was compared at rest and during oesophageal stimulation, using either electrical (200 μs, 16 mA, 0.2 Hz) or mechanical (0.5 s, 14 ml, 0.2 Hz) stimuli. The power spectrum of beat-to-beat heart rate variability was obtained and its low- and high-frequency components were determined. 3. Distal oesophageal stimulation decreased heart rate slightly (both electrical and mechanical) (P < 0.005), and markedly altered heart rate variability (P < 0.001). Both electrical and mechanical oesophageal stimulation increased the absolute and normalized area of the high-frequency band within the power spectrum (P < 0.001), while simultaneously decreasing the low-frequency power (P < 0.005). 4. In humans, oesophageal stimulation, whether electrical or mechanical, appears to amplify respiratory-driven cardiac vagoafferent modulation while decreasing sympathetic modulation. The technique provides access to vagoafferent fibres and thus may yield useful information on the autonomic effects of visceral or oesophageal sensory stimulation.

Sleep Stage Assessment Using Power Spectral Indices of Heart Rate Variability With a Simple Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Tanida ◽  
Masashi Shibata ◽  
Margaret M. Heitkemper
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Power Spectral

Clinical researchers do not typically assess sleep with polysomnography (PSG) but rather with observation. However, methods relying on observation have limited reliability and are not suitable for assessing sleep depth and cycles. The purpose of this methodological study was to compare a sleep analysis method based on power spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV) data to PSG. PSG and electrocardiography data were collected synchronously from 10 healthy women (ages 20–61 years) over 23 nights in a laboratory setting. HRV was analyzed for each 60-s epoch and calculated at 3 frequency band powers (very low frequency [VLF]-hi: 0.016–0.04 Hz; low frequency [LF]: 0.04–0.15 Hz; and high frequency [HF]: 0.15–0.4 Hz). Using HF/(VLF-hi + LF + HF) value, VLF-hi, and heart rate (HR) as indices, an algorithm to categorize sleep into 3 states (shallow sleep corresponding to Stages 1 & 2, deep sleep corresponding to Stages 3 & 4, and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) was created. Movement epochs and time of sleep onset and wake-up were determined using VLF-hi and HR. The minute-by-minute agreement rate with the sleep stages as identified by PSG and HRV data ranged from 32 to 72% with an average of 56%. Longer wake after sleep onset (WASO) resulted in lower agreement rates. The mean differences between the 2 methods were 2 min for the time of sleep onset and 6 min for the time of wake-up. These results indicate that distinguishing WASO from shallow sleep segments is difficult using this HRV method. The algorithm's usefulness is thus limited in its current form, and it requires additional modification.

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