scholarly journals Measuring Multifunctional Agricultural Landscapes

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Bingjie Song ◽  
Guy Robinson ◽  
Douglas Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multifunctional Agriculture ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Future Research Agenda

Multifunctional agriculture (MFA) has attracted increased attention from academics and policymakers in recent years. Academic researchers have utilised various approaches to assess and measure the multifunctionality of agriculture and rural landscapes. This paper outlines the nature of MFA and key supporting policies, before reviewing the applied research approaches, drawing primarily from the European Union and China where specific policies on MFA have been implemented to support rural development and promote sustainable rural communities. Four distinct types of valuation of modern MFA are recognised: economic, biophysical, socio-cultural, and holistic. Following a search of both the recent and older MFA literature, evaluations of the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods applications are provided using examples from a range of recent studies. The review illustrates the diversity of approaches to measure MFA. While noting that many studies operate at a landscape scale, the challenge remains that the lack of commonality in the research approaches applied means it is difficult to provide effective comparisons between studies or to compare findings. A future research agenda will need to emphasise the need for more consideration of the roles of MFA research to support decision-makers, especially policy makers, but also farmers who largely make decisions for individual farms but, if considered collectively, can transform production systems at a landscape scale.

scholarly journals EU health law and policy: shaping a future research agenda

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eleanor Brooks ◽  
Mary Guy
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
National Governments

Abstract The relevance of the European Union (EU) for health has been widely recognised within the health community for some time, and is increasingly apparent to European policy-makers and publics. Despite being an area of policy that national governments would prefer to keep exclusive control of, and though in the past it has rarely been at the top of the agenda, many elements of health have been gradually ‘Europeanised’. This special issue marks the culmination of a British Academy-funded project – EU Health Law and Policy: Shaping a Future Research Agenda – which sought to build on the growing web of expertise in this field and reflect upon the future of health as an EU competence, at a time when it appeared to be under threat.

From Coca Leaf to Cocoa Bean Growers

2018 ◽  
pp. 250-270
Author(s):  
Sara Lopez-Gomez ◽  
Mahmoud Khalik
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Life Conditions

Entrepreneurial associative initiatives (EAI) have been suggested to be a useful way for vulnerable, especially rural, communities to improve their life conditions. Although these organisations initially do get involved in product, process, organisational and marketing innovations, it is important for them to find ways of innovating permanently in order to stay ahead in such a competitive market. This chapter presents a theoretical background on the topics of relevance such as vulnerable communities, entrepreneurship and innovation which it is followed by the case of Distrito Chocolate, an EAI with a background marked by the armed conflict in Colombia, which has taken a step forward on all of their innovations activities, and furthermore has also achieved social innovation. Following the case, the authors presents some recommendations, future research avenues and conclusions, with the aim to be of assistance to practitioners, academic and policy makers interested in the EAI phenomenon

scholarly journals Researchable questions to support evidence-based mental health policy concerning adult mental illness

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Thornicroft ◽  
Jonathan Bindman ◽  
David Goldberg ◽  
Kevin Gournay ◽  
Peter Huxley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
National Service Framework ◽  
Mental Health Department

Policy makers find much mental health research irrelevant to their concerns. What types of research would directly assist those who formulate policy? The two purposes of this paper are (i) to identify important gaps in completed research, particularly in relation to the National Service Framework (NSF) for Mental Health (Department of Health, 1999a) and the NHS Plan (NHS Confederation, 2001); and (ii) to translate these gaps into researchable questions that can contribute to a debate about the future research agenda for general adult mental health in England.

Known and Unknown Aspects of Workplace Bullying: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature and Future Research Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Gupta ◽  
Urvashi Gupta ◽  
Simran Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

Last decades showed a high interest in studying the workplace bullying (WB) phenomenon in a variety of disciplines and in a number of WB areas such as concepts and forms of WB, antecedents and consequences of WB, WB interventions, etc. This study offers classification and description of current WB literature, and identifies research gaps to be bridged by further empirical research. In the first part, authors systematically review 167 refereed journal articles, classify the WB research into five main research themes and summarize their findings. In the second part, the article uncovers various unknown aspects of WB and provides concrete directions for future empirical research. Thrust areas of attention are highlighted for industry and policy makers.

scholarly journals Market-Based Instruments for Managing Hazardous Chemicals: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Slunge ◽  
Francisco Alpizar
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Chemicals Management ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Diffuse Emissions

We take stock of the lessons learned from using market-based instruments in chemicals management and discuss the potential for increased use of risk-based taxation in the management of pesticides and other hazardous chemicals. Many chemical substances cause significant diffuse emissions when emitted over wide areas at individually low concentrations. These emissions are typically very difficult and costly to control. The targeted chemical may exist in many products as well as in a wide variety of end uses. However, the current regulatory instruments used are primarily bans or quantitative restrictions, which are applied to individual chemicals and for very specific uses. Policy makers in the area of chemicals management have focused almost solely on chemicals with a very steep marginal damage cost curve, leading to low use of price regulations. The growing concerns about cumulative effects and combination effects from low dose exposure from multiple chemicals can motivate a broader use of market-based instruments in chemicals management.

scholarly journals Dispute Settlement in the Belt and Road Initiative: Progress, Issues, and Future Research Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-28
Author(s):  
Jiangyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract Policy-makers in China for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) initially did not consider dispute settlement very seriously, but they have realized in recent years that this is an issue that might have to form a critical part of BRI transactions and projects. This introduction gives an overview of the types of disputes emerging out of the BRI deals and critically examines China’s efforts to build institutions and rules for resolving BRI disputes. In this context, it introduces the articles contained in this special issue and presents a future research agenda for moving the study of BRI dispute settlement to the next level.

How Do Local Policy Makers Learn about Climate Change Adaptation Policies? Examining Study Visits as an Instrument of Policy Learning in the European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 107808742093844
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Haupt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
Adaptation Policies ◽  
Research Show

Study visits are an underresearched phenomenon, particularly in the field of climate change adaptation. Drawing on interviews with key local stakeholders, this article investigates study visits organized by European municipal climate networks. The results of this exploratory research show that study visits about adaptation policies can (1) particularly stimulate conceptual learning, (2) increase the credibility of policies within municipal administrations, (3) be used as strategic instruments by mentor cities, (4) be more successful if the peer-cities are not too different (in terms of size, institutional context), and (5) under certain conditions, lead to policy adoption in a learning city. Future research needs to critically discuss the mass suitability of learning from frontrunner cities. Furthermore, a call is raised for more research and practical action on how to initiate and improve learning exchanges beyond the strict division between mentors and learners. Instead, the focus needs to be on mutual learning exchanges.

scholarly journals CARONTE project: Creating an Agenda for Research on Transportation Security

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Leon Bello ◽  
Emilio Gonzalez Viosca
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Level

Europe’s prosperity relies on effective transport systems. Any attacks and disturbances to land freight and passenger transport would have significant impact on economic growth, territorial cohesion, social development and the environment. Unfortunately, there are weaknesses in the land transport security.The objective of CARONTE project is define a future research agenda for security in land transport that focuses on core gaps caused by emerging risks while avoiding any doubling-up of research elsewhere. Its research agenda will cover all threats, including cyber-crime, and security aspects across all modes of land transportation. At the same time, it will respect the fundamental human rights and privacy of European citizens. The step-by-step method of CARONTE’s consortium has analyzed the state of the art and emerging risks; has identified gaps, analyses and assessments of potential solutions; and has produced an overall research agenda for the future. CARONTE’s results will answer the following questions among others: Which existing research projects merit a follow up and extension?Where are the combinations or synergy effects to be attended?Which themes and topics should be elaborated in new research projects?Who should be involved and integrated in future research projects (stakeholders, authorities, etc.)? The CARONTE consortium includes universities and research institutes, companies, and end-users providing with experience in research and consultancy in transportation, logistics, infrastructure management, security and communications. ITENE - Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística-  has been one of the Project partners among a total of 11 members from eight different countries in the European Union which have also been supported via a High Level Advisory Board.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3272

scholarly journals Monitoring Traditional Rural Landscapes. The Case of Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Agnoletti ◽  
Francesca Emanueli ◽  
Federica Corrieri ◽  
Martina Venturi ◽  
Antonio Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
National Monitoring

The importance of rural landscapes is recognized at both the international and national level. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has established a program called Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and agricultural landscapes are also listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The World Bank and the Convention on Biological Diversity also have departments working on this topic, while landscape has been included in the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union 2020–2027. One of the most important tools for landscape management, conservation and valorization is the development of a monitoring system, suited to control not only dynamics, but also the effectiveness of the policies affecting rural landscape. A research project of the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies has identified 123 areas scattered in the entire Italian territory, with an average size of 1300 ha, in order to establish a national monitoring system for traditional rural landscapes. As a result of this national survey, the Ministry decided to establish the National Register of Historical Rural Landscapes, that is also the Italian list for potential application to GIAHS. These landscapes are characterized by a long history, presence of traditional practices, typical foods, complex landscape mosaics and high biocultural diversity. Detailed land use maps have been produced for each area, and among other data, the average number of land use types (19.6 ha) and the average patch size (2.7 ha) detected, confirm the fine grain of these landscapes characterized by high complexity and diversity of the landscape structure. A second survey was carried out five years later, in order to create a national monitoring system based on fixed study areas. The paper shows that in the last five years no major changes occurred, and even in the 33 areas where transformations are considered significant (i.e., >5% of the surface of the area), the characteristic features of the historical landscape are still well preserved. This confirms the resilience of these systems despite climatic and socioeconomic pressures.

scholarly journals How changing conditions make us reconsider the relationship between immigration attitudes, religion, and EU attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes H de Vreese
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship

In a world where attitudes towards immigration and the European Union are at the forefront of political and economic agendas across the continent, this Special Issue is highly relevant and well timed. This Forum article reviews the Special Issue and summarizes lessons learned and identifies open, remaining and new, questions. As a future research agenda, it is advised to pay attention to (a) differentiation in EU attitudes, (b) the role of national political elites, (c) the changing communications environment, and (d) the role of religion and religious attitudes.

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