scholarly journals Retouchée au Féminin: The Gendered Nature of the French Law Mandating Labeling of Digitally Modified Images

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Rachel F. Rodgers ◽  
Katherine Laveway
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
French Law ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
The Media ◽  
Disorder Risk

The majority of advertisements contain thin-ideal imagery that have been digitally modified. A robust body of research has suggested that exposure to these retouched images has negative effects on body image and increases eating disorder risk. Furthermore, these concerns are known to be highly gendered both in nature and in their extent, with women revealing higher levels of concerns predominantly related to thinness. Although not supported as a useful approach by empirical data, in 2017, France introduced a law requiring advertisers to label images featuring models whose weight and/or shape have been altered. These images must bear the label “photographie retouchée”, or “retouched image”. However, this legislation has been difficult to enforce, as unlike other French legislation related to labeling advertising, its lack of specificity makes it difficult to identify violations. Paradoxically, given its intentions, where applied, uses of the label disproportionately focus on women’s bodies in the media, as compared to men’s bodies. These findings highlight the need for legislation that is enforceable and supported by the allocation of sufficient resources. In addition, findings highlight the importance of grounding legislation and policy in the extant relevant data and involving strategic stakeholders in its creation.

Media Literacy Interventions to Facilitate Positive Body Image and Embodiment

2019 ◽  
pp. 374-384
Author(s):  
Simon Wilksch
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Literacy Interventions ◽  
Positive Body Image ◽  
The Media ◽  
Disorder Risk

This chapter explores the media literacy approach to body image and eating disorder risk reduction through a positive body image and embodiment lens. While most media literacy research in the field to date has focused on reducing eating disorder risk factors, available evidence is discussed for how media literacy programs can impact the physical, mental, and social power domains relevant to the developmental theory of embodiment. The media literacy approach appears well suited to investigations of positive body image and embodiment. While media literacy primarily focuses on reducing the perceived importance of appearance and weight, the mechanism by which this is achieved needs further exploration where it is likely that such “positive” features play an important part.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Eating Disorder Risk and Body Image Dissatisfaction among ROTC Cadets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8137
Author(s):  
Allison Smith ◽  
Dawn Emerson ◽  
Zachary Winkelmann ◽  
Devin Potter ◽  
Toni Torres-McGehee
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Rotc Cadets ◽  
Eat 26 ◽  
Disorder Risk

Injury risk is multifactorial including non-modifiable and modifiable factors such as nutrition and mental health. The purpose of this study was to estimate eating disorder risk and body image (BI) dissatisfaction among Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. A total of 102 (male: n = 75, female: n = 27; age: 20 ± 2 years) ROTC cadets self-reported height, current and ideal weight, and completed the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and self-perceived BI current and perceived sex-specific figural stimuli. The overall eating disorder risk for ROTC cadets was 32.4%. No significant differences were found when comparing sex, ethnicity, or military branch. Overall risk of pathogenic behaviors included 11.8% who reported binge eating; 8.8% who used laxatives, diuretics, or diet pills; 8.8% who exercised for >60 min to control their weight; and 8.8% who lost 9.1 kg or more within the last 6 months. We identified significant interactions (p ≤ 0.01) between sex of the solider, overall perceptions of male and female soldiers, and BI self-perceptions. The ROTC cadets in this study displayed eating disorder risk and BI dissatisfaction, which is concerning for tactical readiness, long-term behavioral health issues, and injury from pathogenic behaviors. Education and quality healthcare are necessary to mitigate the increased risk of eating and BI dissatisfaction within this population.

Prevalence of Eating Disorder Risk and Body Image in NCAA Collegiate Cheerleaders

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Toni M. Torres-McGehee ◽  
Eva V. Monsma ◽  
Stefanie Washburn ◽  
Dawn M. Minton ◽  
Jeremy R. Searson
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Disorder Risk

scholarly journals Prevalence of Eating Disorder Risk and Body Image Distortion Among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Varsity Equestrian Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni M. Torres-McGehee ◽  
Eva V. Monsma ◽  
Jennifer L. Gay ◽  
Dawn M. Minton ◽  
Ashley N. Mady-Foster
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Academic Status ◽  
Eating Attitudes Test ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Disorder Risk

Context: Participation in appearance-based sports, particularly at the collegiate level, may place additional pressures on female athletes to be thin, which may increase the likelihood of their resorting to drastic weight control measures, such as disordered eating behaviors. Objectives: (1) To estimate the prevalence and sources of eating disorder risk classification by academic status (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior) and riding discipline (English and Western), (2) to examine riding style and academic status variations in body mass index (BMI) and silhouette type, and (3) to examine these variations across eating disorder risk classification type (eg, body image disturbances). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Seven universities throughout the United States. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 138 participants volunteered (mean age = 19.88 ± 1.29 years). They represented 2 equestrian disciplines: English riding (n = 91) and Western riding (n = 47). Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants self-reported menstrual cycle history, height, and weight. We screened for eating disorder risk behaviors with the Eating Attitudes Test and for body disturbance with sex-specific BMI silhouettes. Results: Based on the Eating Attitudes Test, estimated eating disorder prevalence was 42.0% in the total sample, 38.5% among English riders, and 48.9% among Western riders. No BMI or silhouette differences were found across academic status or discipline in disordered eating risk. Overall, participants perceived their body images as significantly larger than their actual physical sizes (self-reported BMI) and wanted to be significantly smaller in both normal clothing and competitive uniforms. Conclusions: Disordered eating risk prevalence among equestrian athletes was similar to that reported in other aesthetic sports and lower than that in nonaesthetic sports. Athletic trainers working with these athletes should be sensitive to these risks and refer athletes as needed to clinicians knowledgeable about disordered eating. Professionals working with this population should avoid making negative comments about physical size and appearance.

Compulsive Buying: The Impact of Attitudes Toward Body Image, Eating Disorders, and Physical Appearance Investment

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1632-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Harnish ◽  
Joshua T. Gump ◽  
K. Robert Bridges ◽  
Frederick J. Slack ◽  
Karen M. Rottschaefer
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Fitness And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disorder Risk

Objective: The current research examined whether eating disorder risk and the attitudinal elements related to body image predict compulsive buying. Method: A sample of students attending two public universities located in the northeast United States were surveyed. Results: A multiple regression indicated that attitudes related to one’s physical appearance, fitness, and health as well as eating disorder risk were predictors of compulsive buying with appearance orientation being the strongest predictor of compulsive buying. Conclusions: Understanding the factors that affect compulsive buying aids the identification of problematic compulsive buying and informs the treatment of compulsive buying. Treatment models may be more effective if additional attention is given to addressing the anxiety compulsive buyers experience when they experience a discrepancy between their ideal and actual self.

A longitudinal perspective of eating disorder risk in immigrant and Spanish native adolescents: The longitudinal up & down study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-597
Author(s):  
Laura Esteban-Gonzalo ◽  
Juan Luis González-Pascual ◽  
Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez ◽  
Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez ◽  
Oscar L. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Disorder Risk
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