Tribological Characterization of Micron-/Nano-Sized WC-9%Co Cemented Carbides Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering at Elevated Temperatures

The present study investigates the high temperature tribological performance of spark plasma sintered, nano- and micron-sized tungsten carbide (WC) bonded by 9 wt.% cobalt (Co). The composites were fabricated using a two-step procedure of mixing followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Ball-on-disc wear tests were conducted at a normal load of 30 N, linear speed of 0.1 m/s under dry conditions and at three different temperatures (room temperature, 300 °C and 600 °C). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), optical profilometry and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface morphology and the wear track area. At room temperature, it was observed that the nano-sized WC composites exhibited better wear resistance than the micron-sized WC composites. The wear resistance of the nano-sized samples declined significantly relative to that of the micron-sized samples with an increase in temperature. This decline in performance was attributed to the higher surface area of nano-sized WC particles, which underwent rapid oxidation at elevated temperatures, resulting in poor wear resistance. The wear rate observed at 600 °C for the micron-sized WC composites was 75% lower than that of the nano-sized cemented carbide. Oxidative wear was observed to be the predominant wear mechanism for both cemented carbide samples at elevated temperatures.

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Effects of nano-alumina on mechanical properties and wear resistance of WC-8Co cemented carbide by spark plasma sintering

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials ◽

10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 105337

Author(s):

Wuli Su ◽

Jie Zou ◽

Lan Sun

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Spark Plasma Sintering ◽

Cemented Carbide ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Nano Alumina ◽

Spark Plasma

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Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Cu-TiC Composites Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.524 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 213 ◽

pp. 524-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jian Zhuang ◽

Yong Bing Liu ◽

Zhan Yi Cao ◽

Yue Ying Li

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Mechanical Alloying ◽

Spark Plasma Sintering ◽

Mixed Layer ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Normal Load ◽

Wear Loss ◽

Sem Images ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Spark Plasma

The microstructure and wear behavior of Cu-TiC composite which prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and mechanical alloying (MA) were discussed in this paper. X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images indicate that TiC were formed during sintering process. The pin-on-disc wear test was carried. Confocal scanning laser microscope (CFSLM) images indicate that mechanical mixed layer appeared on the worn surface the mechanical mixed layer broken up when normal load reached 200N. The composites displayed excellent wear resistance with 2.38×10−5 mm3/Nm specific wear loss.

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Phase Analyses of a TtPt Alloy Synthesized by Spark Plasma Sintering

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.1143 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 675-677 ◽

pp. 1143-1146

Author(s):

Hilda Kundai Chikwanda ◽

Yoko Yamabe-Mitarai ◽

Silethelwe Chikosha

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Spark Plasma Sintering ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Mechanically Alloyed ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

High Temperature Xrd ◽

Pt Alloy ◽

Spark Plasma ◽

Sintered Alloys

A Ti-50at%Pt alloy synthesized using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique has been characterized for phases’ identification. TiPt alloys have potential use as high temperature shape memory alloys(HTSMAs). Test specimens were prepared at SPS temperature of 1300°C. Sintering pressure and time were varied. The microstructural features of the specimens were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electron microscope used was equipped with an EDS detector, that, together with the XRD, were used for both the identification and analyses of the phases in the starting materials and the sintered alloys. High temperature XRD (800 -1300°C) as well as ambient temperature XRD analyses were done on the starting mechanically alloyed powders. All the samples tested at elevated temperatures were subsequently tested at room temperature after cooling. XRD analyses of the sintered samples were all done at room temperature. Analyses of the XRD results revealed new distinct phases from a temperature of 1000°C. A comparison of the room temperature XRD results for alloy powders and that of the sintered alloys was made. The following phases have been identified and studied TiPt B2, TiPt B19, Pt3Ti, Ti3Pt and Pt5Ti3. SPS pressure and sintering time did not show much effect on the phases detected. The alloy composition was found to be very inhomogeneous.

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Formation of a unique glass by spark plasma sintering of a zeolite

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2009.0385 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 3241-3245 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lianjun Wang ◽

Wan Jiang ◽

Lidong Chen ◽

Zhijian Shen

Keyword(s):

Spark Plasma Sintering ◽

Glass Sample ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Vickers Microhardness ◽

Simple Approach ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopic ◽

Spark Plasma

A simple approach, order–disorder transition (ODT), has been developed to synthesize a novel glass using ZSM-5 as starting materials. In this process, the ZSM-5 powders were pressed uniaxially in a graphite die and rapidly sintered using spark plasma sintering (SPS). High-resolution transmission electron microscopic images revealed that a few crystalline zeolite fragments were still preserved locally inside the SPS consolidated sample. Vickers microhardness and fracture toughness of this as-prepared transparent glass sample at room temperature reaches 7.3 ± 0.2 GPa and 2.0 ± 0.3MPa·m1/2, respectively. It is very interesting that these novel bulk transparent glasses exhibit ultraviolet photoluminescence (PL) properties at about ∼360 nm.

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MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF AMORPHOUS Al–Cu–Ti METAL FOAMS SYNTHESIZED BY SPARK PLASMA SINTERING

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x18500221 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (Supp02) ◽

pp. 1850022

Author(s):

MAOYUAN LI ◽

LIN LU ◽

ZHEN DAI ◽

YIQIANG HONG ◽

WEIWEI CHEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Intermetallic Compounds ◽

Spark Plasma Sintering ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Metal Foams ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Spark Plasma ◽

Xrd Patterns

Amorphous Al–Cu–Ti metal foams were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process with the diameter of 10[Formula: see text]mm. The SPS process was conducted at the pressure of 200 and 300[Formula: see text]MPa with the temperature of 653–723[Formula: see text]K, respectively. NaCl was used as the space-holder, forming almost separated pores with the porosity of 65 vol%. The microstructure and mechanical behavior of the amorphous Al–Cu–Ti metal foams were systematically investigated. The results show that the crystallinity increased at elevated temperatures. The effect of pressure and holding time on the crystallization was almost negligible. The intermetallic compounds, i.e. Al–Ti, Al–Cu and Al–Cu–Ti were identified from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. It was found that weak adhesion and brittle intermetallic compounds reduced the mechanical properties, while lower volume fraction and smaller size of NaCl powders improved the mechanical properties.

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Effect of Cobalt Content on Microstructures and Wear Resistance of Tungsten Carbide–Cobalt-Cemented Carbides Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/207/1/012019 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 207 ◽

pp. 012019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Renqi Ma ◽

Shaodong Ju ◽

Haiyan Chen ◽

Chenyang Shu

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Tungsten Carbide ◽

Spark Plasma Sintering ◽

Cobalt Content ◽

Cemented Carbides ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Spark Plasma

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Spark Plasma Sintering of Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Fe-2Mo (SP-700)

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.819 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 654-656 ◽

pp. 819-822

Author(s):

Genki Kikuchi ◽

Hiroshi Izui ◽

Yuya Takahashi ◽

Shota Fujino

Keyword(s):

Spark Plasma Sintering ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Titanium Boride ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Spark Plasma ◽

Tib2 Particles

In this study, we focused on the sintering performance of Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe (SP-700) and mechanical properties of SP-700 reinforced with titanium boride (TiB/SP-700) fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). TiB whiskers formed in titanium by a solid-state reaction of titanium and TiB2 particles were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The TiB/SP-700 was sintered at temperatures of 1073, 1173, and 1273 K and a pressure of 70 MPa for 10, 30, and 50 min. The volume fraction of TiB ranged from 1.7 vol.% to 19.9 vol.%. Tensile tests of TiB/SP-700 were conducted at room temperature, and the effect of TiB volume fraction on the tensile properties was investigated.

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Formation of Metal-Intermetallic Laminate Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering of Metal Plates and Powder Work Pieces

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.277 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 698 ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daria V. Lazurenko ◽

Vyacheslav I. Mali ◽

Alexander Thoemmes

Keyword(s):

Spark Plasma Sintering ◽

Titanium Aluminide ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Intermetallic Layer ◽

Functional Materials ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Laminate Composites ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Metal Plates ◽

Spark Plasma

Laminate composites with an intermetallic component are some of the most prospective constructional and functional materials. The basic formation method of such materials consists in heating a stack composed of metallic plates reacting at elevated temperatures to form intermetallic phases. The temperature of the process is usually approximately equal to a melting point of a more easily fusible component. In this study, an alternative technology of producing a titanium – titanium aluminide composite with a laminate structure is suggested. It consists in combining metallic (titanium and aluminum) powder mixtures pre-sintered at 400 оС with titanium plates, alternate stacking of these components and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the fabricated workpieces. Applying this technology allowed for the fabrication of metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) materials with an inhomogeneous structure of intermetallic interlayers. The phases revealed in the composite by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were α-Ti, Al, Al3Ti and Al2Ti. Moreover, the results of the energy-dispersive analysis gave the evidence of the formation of Ti-enriched phases in powder layers after SPS. A small number of voids were observed between the structural components of the intermetallic layers. Voids were also detected at “metal-intermetallic” interfaces; however, the quality of connection between different layers in the composite was very high. The microhardness of an intermetallic layer formed in the composite was comparable to the microhardness of the Al3Ti compound. The microhardness of titanium was equal to 1600 MPa.

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