scholarly journals 4D Printing Self-Morphing Structures

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Bodaghi ◽  
Reza Noroozi ◽  
Ali Zolfagharian ◽  
Mohamad Fotouhi ◽  
Saeed Norouzi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Digital Tool ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Deposition Modeling

The main objective of this paper is to introduce complex structures with self-bending/morphing/rolling features fabricated by 4D printing technology, and replicate their thermo-mechanical behaviors using a simple computational tool. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is implemented to fabricate adaptive composite structures with performance-driven functionality built directly into materials. Structural primitives with self-bending 1D-to-2D features are first developed by functionally graded 4D printing. They are then employed as actuation elements to design complex structures that show 2D-to-3D shape-shifting by self-bending/morphing. The effects of printing speed on the self-bending/morphing characteristics are investigated in detail. Thermo-mechanical behaviors of the 4D-printed structures are simulated by introducing a straightforward method into the commercial finite element (FE) software package of Abaqus that is much simpler than writing a user-defined material subroutine or an in-house FE code. The high accuracy of the proposed method is verified by a comparison study with experiments and numerical results obtained from an in-house FE solution. Finally, the developed digital tool is implemented to engineer several practical self-morphing/rolling structures.

3D Complex Structures Through Fused Deposition Modeling as a Rapid Prototyping Technology Designed for Replacing Anatomic Parts of Human Body

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Nastase-Dan Ciobota ◽  
Gheorghe Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printing Technique

Abstract The paper aims to demonstrate the capability of FDM – Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing technique to build complex structures designed for replacing anatomic parts of human body. It proposes to push the limits of FDM machine in order to achieve both structural integrity, mechanical properties and complexity of the 3D print part. Main applicability focus on bioengineering - developing new, lightweight implants but also can easily extended to airspace/automotive industry.

scholarly journals Attempts to Diminish the Drawbacks of Polylactic Acid Designed for 3D/4D Printing Technology-Fused Deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Doina Dimonie ◽  
Nicoleta Dragomir ◽  
Rusandica Stoica
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
New Materials ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
New Material ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Laboratory Line

In order to improve thermal behavior and dimensional strability of polylactic acid (PLA) designed both for 3D and 4D printing technology-fused deposition modeling (FDM) using a scalable procedure, the polymer was melt compounded with additives which control the morphology by crystallization and/or reinforcing. Using the formulations which provide polylactic acid (PLA) improved thermo-mechanical properties and desired dimensional stability, the new materials were shaped, on a laboratory line, as filaments for printing technology. The selected compounds were than scaled up on a 50 kg/h compounding line into granules which prove to have good shapability as filaments for printing technology (1.85 +/- 0.05 mm diameter, required ovality, good appearance and smooth surface) and performed properly at 3D printing. The obtained results proved that functional properties of PLA can be improved by various methods so that, depending on the reached performances, the new material can be converted through printing technology into items for performance applications. The novelty of the article is related to the fact that it identifies a modifying solution for controlling the morphology of a type of PLA designed for 3D printing that already has an advanced crystallinity.

Shape Adaptive Structures by 4D Printing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Hu ◽  
A. R. Damanpack ◽  
M. Bodaghi ◽  
W. H. Liao
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Element Formulation ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Plate Structures ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Programming Mechanism ◽  
Polymeric Structures

This paper introduces a 4D printing method to program shape memory polymers (SMPs) during fabrication process. Fused deposition modeling is employed to program SMPs during depositing the material. This approach is implemented to fabricate complicated polymeric structures by self-bending features without need of any post-programming. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate feasibility of one-dimensional (1D)-to 2D and 2D-to-3D self-bending. It is shown that 4D printed plate structures can transform into 3D curved shell structures by simply heating. A 3D macroscopic constitutive model is developed to predict thermo-mechanical behaviors of the printed SMPs. Governing equations are also established to simulate programming mechanism during printing process and shape change of self-bending structures. In this respect, a finite element formulation is developed considering von-Kármán geometric non-linearity and solved by implementing iterative Newton-Raphson scheme. The accuracy of the computational approach is checked with experimental results. It is shown that the structural-material model is capable of replicating the main features observed in the experiments.

Experimental investigations for preparation of biocompatible feedstock filament of fused deposition modeling (FDM) using twin screw extrusion process

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1455-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Nishant Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Ceramic Fillers

Twin screw extrusion (TSE) is one of the commercially established processes for reinforcement of metallic/nonmetallic/ceramic fillers in polymer matrix for tailor-made applications. In this study, biocompatible feedstock filament has been prepared (in-house) for commercial fused deposition modeling (FDM) setup with biocompatible grade polymers, namely polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene which was reinforced with the hydroxyapatite particles. The process parameters (namely, material composition, rotational speed of TSE, die temperature of TSE, HAp particle grain size, and applied load on TSE) were optimized using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. In this study, mechanical, thermal, and metallurgical properties have been established, and best-feedstock filament wire for development of partial/complete denture on the FDM with functionally graded surfaces properties has been recommended for future applications.

Virtual Design, Modelling and Analysis of Functionally graded materials by Fused Deposition Modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 3660-3665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Srivastava ◽  
Sachin Maheshwari ◽  
T.K. Kundra ◽  
Sandeep Rathee ◽  
Ramkrishna Yashaswi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Characterization of Mechanical Property of PLA-ABS Functionally Graded Material Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Su ◽  
Kazuaki Inaba ◽  
Amit Karmakar ◽  
Apurba Das
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Abstract Application of functionally graded materials (FGMs) in energy, aviation and nuclear industries has increased since the last decade due to potential reduction of in-plane and transverse through-the-thickness stresses, enhanced residual stress distribution, superior thermal properties, free from delamination, and reduced stress intensity factors. FGMs are categorized as an advanced class of composite materials where the two constituent materials are graded along the thickness direction. Absence of sharp change in material property in the interface layer eliminates the problem of delamination and debonding, which is a major concern for traditional composite material. In this work, PLA-ABS functionally graded material is manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques through fused deposition modeling (FDM) using Y-type extruder. X-ray computed tomography test is conducted to see the air void (generated during printing) distribution in the printed FGM. Tensile test (as per ISO-527standrad) is conducted to evaluate the Young’s Modulus of additive manufactured FGMs. Three different measuring positions are considered in the FGM specimens to check the effect of property change along the grading direction. Tensile test results of PLA-ABS FGM are compared with their individual constituents (ABS and PLA). Further, flexural vibration test is conducted to evaluate the natural frequency of printed FGM beam. Experimentally determined mechanical and dynamic characteristics in terms effective Young’s Modulus and natural frequency are analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals Shape-Adaptive Metastructures with Variable Bandgap Regions by 4D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Noroozi ◽  
Mahdi Bodaghi ◽  
Hamid Jafari ◽  
Ali Zolfagharian ◽  
Mohammad Fotouhi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Material Tailoring

This article shows how four-dimensional (4D) printing technology can engineer adaptive metastructures that exploit resonating self-bending elements to filter vibrational and acoustic noises and change filtering ranges. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is implemented to fabricate temperature-responsive shape-memory polymer (SMP) elements with self-bending features. Experiments are conducted to reveal how the speed of the 4D printer head can affect functionally graded prestrain regime, shape recovery and self-bending characteristics of the active elements. A 3D constitutive model, along with an in-house finite element (FE) method, is developed to replicate the shape recovery and self-bending of SMP beams 4D-printed at different speeds. Furthermore, a simple approach of prestrain modeling is introduced into the commercial FE software package to simulate material tailoring and self-bending mechanism. The accuracy of the straightforward FE approach is validated against experimental observations and computational results from the in-house FE MATLAB-based code. Two periodic architected temperature-sensitive metastructures with adaptive dynamical characteristics are proposed to use bandgap engineering to forbid specific frequencies from propagating through the material. The developed computational tool is finally implemented to numerically examine how bandgap size and frequency range can be controlled and broadened. It is found out that the size and frequency range of the bandgaps are linked to changes in the geometry of self-bending elements printed at different speeds. This research is likely to advance the state-of-the-art 4D printing and unlock potentials in the design of functional metastructures for a broad range of applications in acoustic and structural engineering, including sound wave filters and waveguides.

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