scholarly journals Optimization of Residual Stress Measurement Conditions for a 2D Method Using X-ray Diffraction and Its Application for Stainless Steel Treated by Laser Cavitation Peening

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2772
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Soyama ◽  
Chieko Kuji ◽  
Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa ◽  
Christopher R. Chighizola ◽  
Michael R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stress Variation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slitting Method ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Measured Residual Stress

As the fatigue strength of metallic components may be affected by residual stress variation at small length scales, an evaluation method for studying residual stress at sub-mm scale is needed. The sin2ψ method using X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a common method to measure residual stress. However, this method has a lower limit on length scale. In the present study, a method using at a 2D XRD detector with ω-oscillation is proposed, and the measured residual stress obtained by the 2D method is compared to results obtained from the sin2ψ method and the slitting method. The results show that the 2D method can evaluate residual stress in areas with a diameter of 0.2 mm or less in a stainless steel with average grain size of 7 μm. The 2D method was further applied to assess residual stress in the stainless steel after treatment by laser cavitation peening (LCP). The diameter of the laser spot used for LCP was about 0.5 mm, and the stainless steel was treated with evenly spaced laser spots at 4 pulses/mm2. The 2D method revealed fluctuations of LCP-induced residual stress at sub-mm scale that are consistent with fluctuations in the height of the peened surface.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jaeger ◽  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Holger Hoche ◽  
Peter Groche ◽  
Matthias Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

X-Ray Residual Stress Measurement on Stress Corrosion Fracture Surfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tsuda ◽  
Yukio Hirose ◽  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Surfaces

X-ray fractography is a new method utilizing the X-ray diffraction technique to observe the fracture surface for the analysis of the micromechanisms and mechanics of fracture. X-ray residual stress has been confirmed to be a particularly useful parameter when studying the fracture surfaces of high strength steels. The method has been applied to the fracture surface of fracture toughness and fatigue specimens.

X-ray Residual Stress Measurement on Fracture Surface of Stress Corrosion Cracking

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tsuda ◽  
Yukic Hirose ◽  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

X-ray fractography is a new method utilizing the X-ray diffraction technique to observe the fracture surface for the analysis of the micromechanisms and mechanics of fracture. The X-ray residual stress has been confirmed to be a particularly useful parameter when studying the fracture surfaces of high strength steels. The method has been applied to the fracture surface of fracture toughness and fatigue specimens.

Measurement of Residual Stress Distribution of Ground Silicon Nitride by Glancing Incidence X-ray Diffraction Technique

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Sakaida ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka ◽  
Shintaro Harada
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Very High

A new method of X-ray stress measurement was proposed to estimate non-destructively the steep residual stress distribution in the surface layer of ground Si3N4. We assumed an exponential decrement of the residual stress near the ground surface, and derived a formula for the lattice strain as a function of sin2Ψ. In the experiments, the diffraction angles were measured on the ground surface for a widest possible range of sin2ѱ using an Ω-goniometer. In order to measure the diffraction angle at very high sin η values, a scintillation counter was located on the -η side and an incident X-ray beam impinged on the ground surface with a very low angle from the +η side using the glancing incidence X-ray diffraction technique. A strong non-linearity was found in the 20-sin2ѱ diagrams especially at very high ѱ -angles. From the analysis of non-linearity, the stress distribution in the surface layer was determined. Tine residual stress took the maximum compression of 2 GPa at a depth of about 0.5 μm from the surface, and then diminished to zero at about 25 μm in depth. In the close vicinity of the ground surface, the compressive residual stress was relieved because of both the surface roughness and microcracking induced during the grinding process.

X-Ray Diffraction Measurement of Residual Stresses in Thick, Multi-Pass Steel Weldments

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Ruud ◽  
R. N. Pangborn ◽  
P. S. DiMascio ◽  
D. J. Snoha
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement ◽  
Stress Fields ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Technique

A unique X-ray diffraction instrument for residual stress measurement has been developed that provides for speed, ease of measurement, accuracy, and economy of surface stress measurement. Application of this instrument with a material removal technique, e.g., electropolishing, has facilitated detailed, high resolution studies of three-dimensional stress fields. This paper describes the instrumentation and techniques applied to conduct the residual stress measurement and presents maps of the residual stress data obtained for the surfaces of a heavy 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo steel plate weldment.

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