scholarly journals X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Some Organic and Inorganic Modified Clay Minerals

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7115
Author(s):  
J. Theo Kloprogge ◽  
Concepcion P. Ponce ◽  
Danilo O. Ortillo
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxidative Transformations ◽  
Layered Clay

Layered clay systems intercalated with inorganic and organic compounds were analyzed to highlight how XPS can provide information on the different environments surrounding a particular atom as well as provide discernments on the size, coordination, and structural and oxidative transformations of the intercalating/pillaring compounds. XPS data on the intercalation of urea and K-acetate in low- and high-defect kaolinite revealed the interaction of the intercalating group NH2 with the siloxane functional groups in the interlayer surface. The intercalation of HDTMA in Mt demonstrated the use of XPS in monitoring the change in conformation assumed by alkylammonium intercalating compounds in Mt with increasing CEC. Studies on the pillaring of Mt by Al13 and Ga13 by XPS allowed determination of the coordination of the pillaring compound within the Mt layer. Lastly, the intercalation of hexacyanoferrate in hydrotalcite demonstrated the capability of XPS in following changes in the oxidation state of the iron compound. These were gleaned from interpretation of the shifts in binding energies and presence of multiplet splitting in the XPS of the component elements of the minerals or the intercalating compounds.

Determination of the oxidation state of manganese in lepidolite by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Clay Minerals ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Evans ◽  
E. Raftery
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation State ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electronic Spectroscopy ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Core Electron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Occasional Occurrence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Electron Binding Energies

It is usually assumed that the oxidation state of the small proportion of Mn sometimes present in micas is +2, although there is evidence from electronic spectroscopy (Burns, 1970) for at least the occasional occurrence of Mn(III) in manganophyllite. We describe here X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements on the Mn in a Norwegian lepidolite which was the subject of a concurrent structural study by X-ray photoelectron diffraction (Evans & Raftery, 1982). To establish the Mn oxidation state we have compared the Mn2p core-electron binding energies (BE), the Mn2P3/2-O ls BE differences, and the Mn2p XPS peak profiles from the four common oxides of manganese (MnO, Mn3O4, Mn2O3 and MnO2) with those from the lepidolite. A re-examination of these oxides was undertaken because the agreement between reports in the literature was unsatisfactory, and uncertainty existed concerning the integrity of some of the surfaces previously examined.

A Review of Bromine Determination in Foods

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton E Getzendaner
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Bromine Determination

Abstract Organic compounds containing bromine, including methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide, and l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, have been used extensively for the fumigation of foods, or soils in which foods grow, making it necessary to determine residues of bromine and bromine-containing organic compounds. A large number of methods for the determination of bromine in foods, as organic, inorganic, and combined total bromide, have been developed. In methods for organic bromide, the bromine is converted to the inorganic form for measurement by titration, photometry, or other means. In recent years, instrumental methods have been developed in which the total bromine in the sample is determined, regardless of the state in which it exists. X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis are the 2 instrumental methods used most widely. Residue data are presented for some typical bromine-containing samples.

Determination of the oxidation state of iron by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy using chemometric approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Panchuk ◽  
N. O. Rabdano ◽  
A. A. Goidenko ◽  
A. V. Grebenyuk ◽  
S. M. Irkaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
X Ray

Direct determination of oxidation state of gold deposits in metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella algae using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES)

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Konishi ◽  
Takeshi Tsukiyama ◽  
Norizoh Saitoh ◽  
Toshiyuki Nomura ◽  
Shinsuke Nagamine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation State ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shewanella Algae ◽  
X Ray Absorption

An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Free Surface Segregation of Impurities in Platinum and Palladium

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Alan J. Paul ◽  
Peter M. A. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Segregation ◽  
Pure Metal ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Core ◽  
Segregation Of Impurities ◽  
Elemental Form

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to observe the free surface segregation of impurities in samples of platinum and palladium. Heating in vacuo to 600°C promoted the surface segregation of silver, gold, and carbon in platinum and the surface segregation of silver and sulfur in palladium. All species segregated in their elemental form. The core level binding energies of the silver and gold segregants were lower than those measured for the corresponding pure metal states.

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