scholarly journals The Changes in Expression of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 and the Effects of the Inhalation of Their Blockers in Healthy and Ovalbumin-Sensitized Guinea Pig Airways

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Michaela Kocmalova ◽  
Ivana Kazimierova ◽  
Jana Barborikova ◽  
Marta Joskova ◽  
Sona Franova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Asthma Model ◽  
Repetitive Exposure ◽  
Airway Defense ◽  
Beating Frequency

Background: The presented study evaluated the suppositional changes in the airway expression of Nav1.8 and Nav1.7 and their role in the airway defense mechanisms in healthy animals and in an experimental asthma model. Methods: The effects of the blockers inhalation on the reactivity of guinea pig airways, number of citric-acid-induced coughs and ciliary beating frequency (CBF) were tested in vivo. Chronic inflammation simulating asthma was induced by repetitive exposure to ovalbumin. The expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 was examined by ELISA. Results: The Nav 1.8 blocker showed complex antitussive and bronchodilatory effects and significantly regulated the CBF in healthy and sensitized animals. The Nav1.7 blockers significantly inhibited coughing and participated in CBF control in the ovalbumin-sensitized animals. The increased expression of the respective ion channels in the sensitized animals corresponded to changes in CBF regulation. The therapeutic potency of the Nav1.8 blocker was evidenced in combinations with classic bronchodilators. Conclusion: The allergic-inflammation-upregulated expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 and corresponding effects of blocker inhalation on airway defense mechanisms, along with the Nav1.8 blocker’s compatibility with classic antiasthmatic drugs, bring novel possibilities for the treatment of various respiratory diseases. However, the influence of the Nav1.8 blocker on CBF requires further investigation.

Effect of pH, Viscosity and Ionic-Strength Changes on Ciliary Beating Frequency of Human Bronchial Explants

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Ka Luk ◽  
Mauricio J. Dulfano
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Beating Frequency

1. Ciliary activity is significantly influenced by chemical and physical properties of the liquid medium in which the cilia beat. 2. We studied the effect of changes in pH, ionic strength and viscosity on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of explants of human respiratory mucosa. 3. Optimal CBF was elicited at pH 7.0-9.0, with a marked reduction of CBF outside these limits. The CBF was well preserved at NaCl concentrations between 5 g/l (80 mmol/l) and 12 g/l (200 mmol/l), but there was rapid loss at concentrations below 0.5 gA (10 mmol/l). The cilia beat best at viscosities below 1.0 centipoises (1 mN s m−2). Increase of the viscosity gradually decreases CBF with a significant drop at viscosities above 87 millipoises. 4. It is concluded that the above limits may fairly accurately indicate the actual physical characteristics of the periciliary environment (‘sol layer’) in vivo.

scholarly journals Eotaxin Induces a Rapid Release of Eosinophils and Their Progenitors From the Bone Marrow

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 2240-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Palframan ◽  
Paul D. Collins ◽  
Timothy J. Williams ◽  
Sara M. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Femoral Bone Marrow

The CC-chemokine eotaxin is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant that stimulates recruitment of eosinophils from the blood to sites of allergic inflammation. Mobilization from the bone marrow is an important early step in eosinophil trafficking during the allergic inflammatory response. In this paper we examine the potential of eotaxin to mobilize eosinophils and their progenitors from bone marrow. Eotaxin stimulated selective, dose-dependent chemotaxis of guinea pig bone marrow eosinophils in vitro. Intravenous injection of eotaxin (1 nmol/kg) into guinea pigs in vivo stimulated a rapid blood eosinophilia (from 3.9 ± 1.2 to 28 ± 9.9 × 104eosinophils/mL at 30 minutes) and a corresponding decrease in the number of eosinophils retained in the femoral marrow (from 9.0 ± 0.8 to 4.8 ± 0.8 × 106 eosinophils per femur). To show a direct release of eosinophils from the bone marrow an in situ perfusion system of the guinea pig femoral bone marrow was developed. Infusion of eotaxin into the arterial supply of the perfused femoral marrow stimulated a rapid and selective release of eosinophils into the draining vein. In addition, eotaxin stimulated the release of colony-forming progenitor cells. The cytokine interleukin-5 was chemokinetic for bone marrow eosinophils and exhibited a marked synergism with eotaxin with respect to mobilization of mature eosinophils from the femoral marrow. Thus, eotaxin may be involved in both the mobilization of eosinophils and their progenitors from the bone marrow into the blood and in their subsequent recruitment into sites of allergic inflammation.

scholarly journals Eotaxin Induces a Rapid Release of Eosinophils and Their Progenitors From the Bone Marrow

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 2240-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Palframan ◽  
Paul D. Collins ◽  
Timothy J. Williams ◽  
Sara M. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Femoral Bone Marrow

Abstract The CC-chemokine eotaxin is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant that stimulates recruitment of eosinophils from the blood to sites of allergic inflammation. Mobilization from the bone marrow is an important early step in eosinophil trafficking during the allergic inflammatory response. In this paper we examine the potential of eotaxin to mobilize eosinophils and their progenitors from bone marrow. Eotaxin stimulated selective, dose-dependent chemotaxis of guinea pig bone marrow eosinophils in vitro. Intravenous injection of eotaxin (1 nmol/kg) into guinea pigs in vivo stimulated a rapid blood eosinophilia (from 3.9 ± 1.2 to 28 ± 9.9 × 104eosinophils/mL at 30 minutes) and a corresponding decrease in the number of eosinophils retained in the femoral marrow (from 9.0 ± 0.8 to 4.8 ± 0.8 × 106 eosinophils per femur). To show a direct release of eosinophils from the bone marrow an in situ perfusion system of the guinea pig femoral bone marrow was developed. Infusion of eotaxin into the arterial supply of the perfused femoral marrow stimulated a rapid and selective release of eosinophils into the draining vein. In addition, eotaxin stimulated the release of colony-forming progenitor cells. The cytokine interleukin-5 was chemokinetic for bone marrow eosinophils and exhibited a marked synergism with eotaxin with respect to mobilization of mature eosinophils from the femoral marrow. Thus, eotaxin may be involved in both the mobilization of eosinophils and their progenitors from the bone marrow into the blood and in their subsequent recruitment into sites of allergic inflammation.

scholarly journals Mast cell mediators cause early allergic bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs in vivo: a model of relevance to asthma

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (11) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Riley ◽  
Barbara Fuchs ◽  
Lisa Sjöberg ◽  
Gunnar P. Nilsson ◽  
Lars Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Airway Inflammation ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique

One feature of allergic asthma, the EAR (early allergic reaction), is not present in the commonly used mouse models. We therefore investigated the mediators involved in EAR in a guinea-pig in vivo model of allergic airway inflammation. Animals were sensitized using a single OVA (ovalbumin)/alum injection and challenged with aerosolized OVA on day 14. On day 15, airway resistance was assessed after challenge with OVA or MCh (methacholine) using the forced oscillation technique, and lung tissue was prepared for histology. The contribution of mast cell mediators was investigated using inhibitors of the main mast cell mediators [histamine (pyrilamine) and CysLTs (cysteinyl-leukotrienes) (montelukast) and prostanoids (indomethacin)]. OVA-sensitized and challenged animals demonstrated AHR (airway hyper-responsiveness) to MCh, and lung tissue eosinophilic inflammation. Antigen challenge induced a strong EAR in the sensitized animals. Treatment with a single compound, or indomethacin together with pyrilamine or montelukast, did not reduce the antigen-induced airway resistance. In contrast, dual treatment with pyrilamine together with montelukast, or triple inhibitor treatment, attenuated approximately 70% of the EAR. We conclude that, as in humans, the guinea-pig allergic inflammation model exhibits both EAR and AHR, supporting its suitability for in vivo identification of mast cell mediators that contribute to the development of asthma. Moreover, the known mast cell mediators histamine and leukotrienes were major contributors of the EAR. The data also lend further support to the concept that combination therapy with selective inhibitors of key mediators could improve asthma management.

Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipids on mucociliary transport and ciliary beating

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2271-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Read ◽  
P. Roberts ◽  
N. Munro ◽  
A. Rutman ◽  
A. Hastie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Ciliary Beating

Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipid causes ciliostasis and cell membrane damage to rabbit tissue, is a secretagogue in cats, and inhibits epithelial ion transport in sheep tissue. It could therefore perturb mucociliary clearance. We have investigated the effect of rhamnolipid on mucociliary transport in the anesthetized guinea pig and guinea pig and human respiratory epithelium in vitro. Application of rhamnolipid to the guinea pig tracheal mucosa reduced tracheal mucus velocity (TMV) in vivo in a dose-dependent manner: a 10-microgram bolus caused cessation of TMV without recovery; a 5-micrograms bolus reduced TMV over a period of 2 h by 22.6% (P = 0.037); a 2.5-microgram bolus caused no overall changes in TMV. The ultrastructure of guinea pig tracheal epithelium exposed to 10 micrograms of rhamnolipid in vivo was normal. Application of 1,000 micrograms/ml rhamnolipid had no effect on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of guinea pig tracheal rings in vitro after 30 min, but 250 micrograms/ml stopped ciliary beating after 3 h. Treatment with 100 micrograms/ml rhamnolipid caused immediate slowing of the CBF (P less than 0.01) of human nasal brushings (n = 7), which was maintained for 4 h. Mono- and dirhamnolipid had equivalent effects. The CBF of human nasal turbinate organ culture was also slowed by 100 micrograms/ml rhamnolipid, but only after 4 h (CBF test, 9.87 +/- 0.41 Hz; control, 11.48 +/- 0.27 Hz; P less than 0.05, n = 6), and there was subsequent recovery by 14 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

OCCURRENCE OF THE RISKS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO THE CHEMICAL FACTORS OF THE EXPOSURE OF ALUMINA REFINERY- ASSOCIATED BUSINESS ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zemlianova ◽  
I.V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Chronic Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Alumina refineries are among the leading sources of atmospheric air pollution with a wide range of pollutants hazardous to human respiratory organs. It is relevant to study and evaluate the occurrence of the risks for development of respiratory diseases in children living in the area affected by the emission components of an alumina refinery. We assessed air quality of the area under observation and comparison according to monitoring observations, risk of non-carcinogenic effects from the respiratory organs. The content of chemicals in the blood and urine adequate to risk factors was quantified. The structure of individual groups of respiratory diseases was analyzed. The causal relationships of violations of laboratory parameters with an increased content of chemicals in biological media were evaluated. It was found that an aerogenic exposure of chemical pollutants is formed on the territory with the production of metallurgical alumina. It determines the risk for development of respiratory diseases, exceeding an acceptable level up to 49.9 times. In the exposed children, the content of manganese, chromium, nickel, copper, xylenes, formaldehyde and aluminum, fluoride ion in the urine was increased to 4.2 times in relation to the indices in the comparison group. A high level of additional respiratory morbidity(1.8 times) was revealed. Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of the nasopharynx and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (up to 6.6 times more often), inflammatory diseases with a predominance of the mechanism of allergic inflammation ( up to 2.1 times more often)are more often detected in the framework of the respiratory diseases. Negative effects on the part of the respiratory system in the form of activation of antioxidant processes, the development of an inflammatory reaction, local, general and specific sensitization of the respiratory tract were established. It confirms the occurrence of the risks for the development of respiratory diseases in children in the exposure area of the chemical factors of alumina refinery-associated economic activity.

In vivo activity of pyrimidine-dispirotripiperaziniumin in the male guinea pig model of genital herpes

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novoselova EA ◽  
Alimbarova LM ◽  
Monakhova NS ◽  
Lepioshkin AY ◽  
Ekins S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Genital Herpes ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Guinea Pig Model

scholarly journals Optimization of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with a supercontinuum source for in vivo motion detection of low reflective outer hair cells in guinea pig cochleae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Nin ◽  
Samuel Choi ◽  
Takeru Ota ◽  
Zhang Qi ◽  
Hiroshi Hibino
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Total Acquisition Time ◽  
Sd Oct

AbstractSound evokes sub-nanoscale vibration within the sensory epithelium. The epithelium contains not only immotile cells but also contractile outer hair cells (OHCs) that actively shrink and elongate synchronously with the sound. However, the in vivo motion of OHCs has remained undetermined. The aim of this work is to perform high-resolution and -accuracy vibrometry in live guinea pigs with an SC-introduced spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system (SD-OCT). In this study, to reveal the effective contribution of SC source in the recording of the low reflective materials with the short total acquisition time, we compare the performances of the SC-introduced SD-OCT (SCSD-OCT) to that of the conventional SD-OCT. As inanimate comparison objects, we record a mirror, a piezo actuator, and glass windows. For the measurements in biological materials, we use in/ex vivo guinea pig cochleae. Our study achieved the optimization of a SD-OCT system for high-resolution in vivo vibrometry in the cochlear sensory epithelium, termed the organ of Corti, in mammalian cochlea. By introducing a supercontinuum (SC) light source and reducing the total acquisition time, we improve the axial resolution and overcome the difficulty in recording the low reflective material in the presence of biological noise. The high power of the SC source enables the system to achieve a spatial resolution of 1.72 ± 0.00 μm on a mirror and reducing the total acquisition time contributes to the high spatial accuracy of sub-nanoscale vibrometry. Our findings reveal the vibrations at the apical/basal region of OHCs and the extracellular matrix, basilar membrane.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document