scholarly journals Electrochemical Investigation of the Effect of Process Parameters on the Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum-Cladded Pressure Vessel Steel Using a Friction Stir Diffusion Cladding Process

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Fadi A. Al-Badour ◽  
Akeem Y. Adesina ◽  
Almigdad B. Ibrahim ◽  
Rami K. Suleiman ◽  
Neçar Merah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Pressure Vessel Steel ◽  
Vessel Steel ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Cladded Steel

Surface cladding and coatings are commonly used to protect structures against corrosion in corrosive environments. In this paper, electrochemical properties of friction stir diffusion cladded ASTM A516-70 with corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grade 5052 are studied. The effect of process parameters, tool rotational and traverse speeds on the corrosion behavior of produced cladded steels was comparatively assessed. Electrochemical analyses revealed that the cladded steel sample provided good corrosion protection performance in comparison with the un-cladded steel substrate following an immersion test of up to 21 days in 3.5% NaCl medium. Increasing the tool traverse speed was found to negatively affect the corrosion resistance. Optimum parameters for the selected cladding system were found to be a 500 rpm tool rotational speed, and a 50 mm/min tool traverse speed for protection against general corrosion. Meanwhile, higher traverse speed demonstrated stable passivation behavior and, therefore, lower propensity for pitting localized corrosion. Post characterization of the exposed area indicated that tool shoulder marks were favorable spots for the accumulation of corrosion products.

scholarly journals Assessment of nickel titanium and beta titanium corrosion resistance behavior in fluoride and chloride environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa J. Kassab ◽  
José Ponciano Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Galvanic Coupling ◽  
Beta Titanium

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the influence of fluoride concentration on the corrosion behavior of nickel titanium (NiTi) superelastic wire and to compare the corrosion resistance of NiTi with that of beta titanium alloy in physiological solution with and without addition of fluoride. Materials and Methods: NiTi corrosion resistance was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization in sodium chloride (NaCl 0.15 M) with and without addition of 0.02 M sodium fluoride (NaF), and the results were compared with those associated with beta titanium. The influence of fluoride concentration on NiTi corrosion behavior was assessed in NaCl (0.15 M) with and without 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.12 M NaF solution. Galvanic corrosion between NiTi and beta titanium were investigated. All samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Polarization resistance decreased when NaF concentration was increased, and, depending on NaF concentration, NiTi can suffer localized or generalized corrosion. In NaCl solution with 0.02 M NaF, NiTi suffer localized corrosion, while beta titanium alloys remained passive. Current values near zero were observed by galvanic coupling of NiTi and beta titanium. Conclusions: There is a decrease in NiTi corrosion resistance in the presence of fluoride. The corrosion behavior of NiTi alloy depends on fluoride concentration. When 0.02 and 0.04 M of NaF were added to the NaCl solution, NiTi presented localized corrosion. When NaF concentration increased to 0.05, 0.07, and 0.12 M, the alloy presented general corrosion. NiTi corrosion resistance behavior is lower than that of beta titanium. Galvanic coupling of these alloys does not increase corrosion rates.

scholarly journals Friction Stir Welding with Low-Medium-High Tool Travel Speed of 0.95 Mg-Al-Alloy and Pure Copper: Electrochemical and Surface Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetesh Soni ◽  
Ambrish Singh
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Surface Optical ◽  
Joining Process

The aim of this work is to assess the influence of Friction Stir Welding (FSW), process parameters, optimized tool traveling speed, and corrosion resistance of the 0.95 Mg-Al-alloy and pure copper weldment. Samples of aluminum-copper with and without deformation were characterized to investigate the metallurgical effects created during the welding deformation process. Effect of process parameters on microstructure and corrosion rate have been investigated for all the samples. All the electrochemical and polarization tests were done in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) was done to detect the localized corrosion on the surface. Optical micrography observation indicated that the primary α-Al phase, which was formed during solidification can effectively limit the growth of Cu9Al4 phase. Finer acicular α-Al precipitates were observed in CuAl matrix during joining process that tends to coarser with the increase in tools travel speed. The electrochemical and polarization results showed that among all the tool travelling speed the specimen joined at tool travelling speed of 40 mm/min shows the best non-corrosive property.

Influence of Process Parameters on Microstructure of Friction Stir Processed Mg AZ31 Alloy

2017 ◽  
pp. 1293-1305
Author(s):  
G. Venkateswarlu ◽  
M.J. Davidson ◽  
G.R.N. Tagore ◽  
P. Sammaiah
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Tilt Angle

Friction stir processing (FSP) has been developed on the principles of friction stir welding (FSW) as an effective and efficien new method for grain refinement and microstructural modification, providing intense plastic deformation as well as higher strain rates than other conventional severe plastic deformation methods. FSP produces an equiaxed homogeneous microstructure consisting of fine grains, resulting in the enhancement of the properties of the material at room temperature. The objective of the present paper is to examine the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) parameters namely tool rotational speed (RS), tool traverse speed (TS) and tool tilt angle (TA) on the microstructures of friction stir processed AZ31B-O magnesium alloy. This investigation has focused on the microstructural changes occurred in the dynamically recrystallised nugget zone/ stir zone and the thermo mechanically affected zone during FSP. The results presented in this work indicate that all the three FSP process parameters have a significant effect on the resulting microstructure and also found that the rotational speed has greatly influenced the homogenization of the material. The grain refinement is higher at intermediate rotational speed (1150 rpm), traverse speed (32 mm / min and tilt angle (10). It is established that FSP can be a good grain refinement method for improving the properties of the material.

Optimization of friction stir welding process parameters for AA6063-ETP copper using central composite design

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Panaskar ◽  
Ravi Prakash Terkar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Tool Rotational Speed ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Central Composite

Purpose Recently, several studies have been performed on lap welding of aluminum and copper using friction stir welding (FSW). The formation of intermetallic compounds at the weld interface hampers the weld quality. The use of an intermediate layer of a compatible material during welding reduces the formation of intermetallic compounds. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the FSW process parameters for AA6063-ETP copper weld, using a compatible zinc intermediate filler metal. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, a three-level, three-factor central composite design (CCD) has been used to determine the effect of various process parameters, namely, tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed and thickness of inter-filler zinc foil on ultimate tensile strength of the weld. A total of 60 experimental data were fitted in the CCD. The experiments were performed with tool rotational speeds of 1,000, 1,200 and 1,400 rpm each of them with tool traverse speeds of 5, 10 and 15 mm/min. A zinc inter-filler foil of 0.2 and 0.4 mm was also used. The macrograph of the weld surface under different process parameters and the tensile strength of the weld have been investigated. Findings The feasibility of joining 3 mm thick AA6063-ETP copper using zinc inter-filler is established. The regression analysis showed a good fit of the experimental data to the second-order polynomial model with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9759 and model F-value of 240.33. A good agreement between the prediction model and experimental findings validates the reliability of the developed model. The tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed and thickness of inter-filler zinc foil significantly affected the tensile strength of the weld. The optimal conditions found for the weld were, rotational speed of 1,212.83 rpm and traverse speed of 9.63 mm/min and zinc foil thickness is 0.157 mm; by using optimized values, ultimate tensile strength of 122.87 MPa was achieved, from the desirability function. Originality/value Aluminium and copper sheets could be joined feasibly using a zinc inter-filler. The maximum tensile strength of joints formed by inter-filler (122.87 MPa) was significantly better as compared to those without using inter-filler (83.78 MPa). The optimum process parameters to achieve maximum tensile strength were found by CCD.

scholarly journals Research the Effect of Process Parameters on Friction Stir Welded AA6063-ETP Copper joint using Taguchi Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 884-888
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Tool Rotational Speed ◽  
Alloy Plate ◽  
Friction Stir

Aluminium and copper, or their combination finds application in heat sinks because of their excellent thermal conductivity. In the present study, Al–6063 and ETP copper were lap welded using friction stir welding wherein the aluminum alloy plate was placed on top of the copper plate. The optimum process parameters were found using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The process parameters namely tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed and thickness of zinc inter-filler material were considered. The optimal process parameters were ascertained with respect to the thermal conductivity of weld. The predicted optimum value of thermal conductivity was verified by conducting the confirmation run using the optimal parameters. Analysis of variance depicted that all the three process parameters were significant, wherein the tool rotational speed and the tool traverse speed were the most dominant factors contributing to thermal conductivity.

Influence of Process Parameters on Microstructure of Friction Stir Processed Mg AZ31 Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
G. Venkateswarlu ◽  
M.J. Davidson ◽  
G.R.N. Tagore ◽  
P. Sammaiah
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Friction Stir

Friction stir processing (FSP) has been developed on the principles of friction stir welding (FSW) as an effective and efficien new method for grain refinement and microstructural modification, providing intense plastic deformation as well as higher strain rates than other conventional severe plastic deformation methods. FSP produces an equiaxed homogeneous microstructure consisting of fine grains, resulting in the enhancement of the properties of the material at room temperature. The objective of the present paper is to examine the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) parameters namely tool rotational speed (RS), tool traverse speed (TS) and tool tilt angle (TA) on the microstructures of friction stir processed AZ31B-O magnesium alloy. This investigation has focused on the microstructural changes occurred in the dynamically recrystallised nugget zone/ stir zone and the thermo mechanically affected zone during FSP. The results presented in this work indicate that all the three FSP process parameters have a significant effect on the resulting microstructure and also found that the rotational speed has greatly influenced the homogenization of the material. The grain refinement is higher at intermediate rotational speed (1150 rpm), traverse speed (32 mm / min and tilt angle (10). It is established that FSP can be a good grain refinement method for improving the properties of the material.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Micro Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Metal Joints

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hreetabh Kishore ◽  
Mainak Banerjee ◽  
Saruabh Rai ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Anupam Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Friction Stir

Abstract Micro Friction Stir welding (μFSW) has found its broader application in the area of packaging of MEMS devices, biomedical components, and joining of micro-mechanical assemblies. This study focuses on the effect of process parameters over the joint strength while joining Al6061-T6 and pure copper sheets of 0.3 mm thickness. Also, a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) numerical model has been developed in the finite element suite of ABAQUS®. The boundary conditions used in the numerical simulation are kept almost similar to the experimental conditions to record thermal results. Moreover, an analytical approach for finding microhardness of welded joints using the Hall-Petch equation is also presented. The process parameters like rotational tool speed and welding traverse speed were found to be dominating in order to get better joint strength. The essential μFSW process parameters combination suggested that 1100rpm rotational speed, 20mm/min. traverse speed and 0.15mm pin depth (tool) result in superior flexural, thermal, and morphological properties of the joint. A good agreement between the experimental and simulation results was found with a maximum of 8% error in the predicted temperature values. The anticipated joint strength and surface characterization of the samples revealed a complex flow and homogeneous mixture at the pin-sheet interaction zone with higher micro-hardness values.

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