scholarly journals Impact of Solidification on Inclusion Morphology in ESR and PESR Remelted Martensitic Stainless Steel Ingots

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Ewa Sjöqvist Persson ◽  
Sofia Brorson ◽  
Alec Mitchell ◽  
Pär G. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Solidification Structure ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Steel Ingots ◽  
Columnar Dendritic Structure ◽  
The Impact

This study focuses on the impact of solidification on the inclusion morphologies in different sizes of production-scale electro-slag remelting (ESR) and electro-slag remelting under a protected pressure-controlled atmosphere, (PESR), ingots, in a common martensitic stainless steel grade. The investigation has been carried out to increase the knowledge of the solidification and change in inclusion morphologies during ESR and PESR remelting. In order to optimize process routes for different steel grades, it is important to define the advantages of different processes. A comparison is made between an electrode, ESR, and PESR ingots with different production-scale ingot sizes, from 400 mm square to 1050 mm in diameter. The electrode and two of the smallest ingots are from the same electrode charge. The samples are taken from both the electrode, ingots, and rolled/forged material. The solidification structure, dendrite arm spacing, chemical analyzes, and inclusion number on ingots and/or forged/rolled material are studied. The results show that the larger the ingot and the further towards the center of the ingot, the larger inclusions are found. As long as an ingot solidifies with a columnar dendritic structure (DS), the increase in inclusion number and size with ingot diameter is approximately linear. However, at the ingot size (1050 mm in diameter in this study) when the center of the ingot converts to solidification in the equiaxial mode (EQ), the increase in number and size of the inclusions is much higher. The transition between a dendritic and an equiaxial solidification in the center of the ingots in this steel grade takes place in the region between the ingot diameters of 800 and 1050 mm.

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of 7Cr17Mo Martensitic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Du ◽  
Zi Li Song ◽  
Yi Qing Chen ◽  
Jia Qing Wang ◽  
Guang Fu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the influence of heat treatment process on the microstructure and properties of a new martensitic stainless steel, which contains 0.7% carbon, 17% chromium and 1% molybdenum and can be used as kitchen knives and scissors. The microstructure and properties of the tested alloys after quenching at 980 - 1100 °C and low tempering were investigated by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Rockwell hardness tester and impact tester. The results show that the microstructure consists of acicular martensite, carbides and a litter retained austenite after quenching and tempering. The carbides are mainly (Fe,Cr)23C6. The content of retained austenite increases with the increase of the quenching temperature. The solubility of carbon in martensite changes similarly. The martensite gets coarser as the quenching temperature increasing. The maximum value of hardness is 59 HRC, when the quenching temperature is 1060 °C. The impact toughness increases when the quenching temperature increases from 980 °C to 1080 °C and then decreases. The suitable heat treatment process for this alloy is quenching at 1060 °C~1080 °C for 30 min and then tempering at 200°C.

Formable Duplex Stainless Steel for High Pressure GPHE Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Groth ◽  
Chang-Ching Sun ◽  
Hailan He ◽  
Li Guan ◽  
Erik Schedin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Steel Grades

The high-pressure applications of traditional Gasket Plate Heat Exchangers (GPHE) are limited by the sheet material, gasket material and the design of the GPHE. The newly developed stainless steel grade UNS S82031 (EN 1.4637) is a duplex stainless steel grade with improved formability compared to other duplex stainless steel grades. It can be used in forming intensive applications, such as in typical chevron corrugated-plate heat exchangers. Compared to the standard austenitic stainless steel grades typically used, the new duplex stainless steel increases the application performance of GPHE applications, such as maintaining higher working pressures. In this paper, the properties and material behavior of UNS S82031 is compared with the standard austenitic stainless steel UNS S30400 (EN 1.4301) in a pressure test at different working pressures. The pressure test is used to evaluate the performance of the selected material for a GPHE application. The experimental test results are compared with Finite Element (FE) simulation of the same pressure test, to achieve a deeper understanding of the results. The results show that plates made of UNS S82031 can withstand significantly higher working pressures than UNS S30400 for the same PHE-design, proving the new duplex stainless steel UNS S82031 is more suitable for high pressure GPHE applications.

Effects of cooling path and resulting microstructure on the impact toughness of a hot stamping martensitic stainless steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Godin ◽  
Jean-Denis Mithieux ◽  
Coralie Parrens ◽  
Guillaume Badinier ◽  
Mohamed Sennour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Cooling Path ◽  
The Impact

UGI 4313

Alloy Digest ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Steel Grades

Abstract UGI 4313 (EN 10083-3 , No. 1.4313) is a martensitic stainless steel with low carbon for good impact strength and corrosion resistance. It has good mechanical properties and impact strength, and a corrosion resistance superior to that of conventional martensitic stainless steel grades with a high carbon content. This datasheet provides information on composition and physical properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1287. Producer or source: Schmolz + Bickenbach USA Inc..

Effect of tempering temperature on impact energy of AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel at low temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 699-704
Author(s):  
Kittipat Suwanpatcharakul ◽  
Nithi Saenarjhan ◽  
Nathi Nakthong ◽  
Anchaleeporn Waritswat Lothongkum ◽  
Gobboon Lothongkum
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbide Precipitation ◽  
Transgranular Fracture ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Impact Surface ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Abstract AISI 410 martensitic stainless-steel specimens were austenitized at 1253 K then oil quenched and tempered at 573, 673, 773 and 923 K for 3600 s. The impact energy of the specimens was tested at 298, 253, 223, 213 K and measured using ASTM E23 standard. After austenitizing and tempering, the microstructure of the specimens showed carbide precipitation. Tempering at 773 K resulted in the highest hardness due to secondary hardening, while tempering at 923 K resulted in the lowest hardness due to brittle carbide precipitation at the grain boundary which caused softening of the matrix by decreasing the solute carbon content. By contrast, the change in impact energy is inversely proportional to the hardness values. The impact surface of specimens tempered at 573, 673 and 773 K revealed transgranular fracture; on the other hand, the impact surface of the specimen tempered at 923 K revealed intergranular fracture. From our experimental results, the appropriate hardening and tempering procedure of AISI 410 for low temperatures applications is selectable.

scholarly journals Corrosion of stainless steel water storage tanks exposed in coastal atmospheric conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3B) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
NHI TRU NGUYEN ◽  
MAI HAN TRAN ◽  
ANH QUANG VU ◽  
HOANG TAM LUU ◽  
THI THAO NGUYEN BUI
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Steel Tanks ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Time Of Wetness ◽  
Water Tanks

Results of corrosion survey for stainless steel tanks used in water storage at various coastal areas are presented. Corrosion damages were revealed at both the outer and inner surfaces of tanks made of 304 and 201 steel grades. Corrosion deterioration was more severely observed for the atmospheric areas with higher airborne salinity and time of wetness.  Corrosion products examined by visual inspection and SEM-EDX technique show relatively distinctive characteristics for outer and inner surfaces which are attributed to different mechanisms of corrosion initiated by various corrosive agents in the atmosphere. Atmospheric chlorides from airborne sources are considered the main reason for causing corrosion of 304 and 201 steel grade water tanks.

scholarly journals Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Electron Beam Welded Joints of High Strength S960QL and Weldox 1300 Steel Grades

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Błacha ◽  
M.S. Węglowski ◽  
S. Dymek ◽  
M. Kopyściański
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Fusion Line ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper shows the results of metallographic examination and mechanical properties of electron beam welded joints of quenched and tempered S960QL and Weldox 1300 steel grades. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of producing good quality electron beam welded joints without filler material. Metallographic examination revealed that the concentrated electron beam significantly affects the changes of microstructure in the weld and the adjacent heat affected zone (HAZ) in both steel grades. The microstructure of the welded joints is not homogeneous. The four zones, depending on the distance from the weld face, can be distinguished. Basically, the microstructure of the weld consists of a mixture of martensite and bainite. However, the microstructure of HAZ depends on the distance from the fusion line. It is composed of martensite near the fusion line and a mixture of bainite and ferrite in the vicinity of the base material. Significant differences in mechanical properties of the welded joints were observed. For a butt welded joint of the S960QL steel grade the strength is at the level of the strength of the base material (Rm = 1074 MPa). During the bending test the required angle of 180° was achieved. The impact strength at −40°C was 71,7 J/cm2. In the case of the Weldox 1300 steel grade butt welded joints exhibit high mechanical properties (Rm = 1470 MPa), however, the plastic properties are on the lower level than for the base material.

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