scholarly journals Laser Beam and Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Aluminium Alloys

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Ivan Bunaziv ◽  
Odd M. Akselsen ◽  
Xiaobo Ren ◽  
Bård Nyhus ◽  
Magnus Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Hybrid Welding ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Laser Systems ◽  
Weld Work ◽  
Welding Consumables

Aluminium alloys are widely used in many industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratios and resistance to corrosion. Due to their specific thermophysical properties and intricate physical metallurgy, these alloys are challenging to weld. Work-hardened alloys may experience strength loss in heat-affected zones (HAZ). The strength of precipitation-hardened alloys is severely damaged in both HAZ and weld metal due to coarsening or full dissolution. The high thermal conductivity and reflectivity of aluminium causes lower laser beam absorptivity with lower processing efficiency. Weld imperfections such as porosity, humping, and underfills are frequently formed due to the low melting point and density promoting high liquidity with low surface tension. Porosity is the most persistent imperfection and is detrimental for mechanical properties. In this work, extensive review was made on laser beam and laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminium alloys. Solidification cracking, evaporation of alloying elements, porosity and keyhole stability, and other challenges are studied in detail. The current development of laser welding of aluminium alloys is not so mature and new discoveries will be made in the future including the use of newly developed laser systems, welding consumables, welding methods, and approaches.

scholarly journals A Review on Laser-Assisted Joining of Aluminium Alloys to Other Metals

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
Ivan Bunaziv ◽  
Odd M. Akselsen ◽  
Xiaobo Ren ◽  
Bård Nyhus ◽  
Magnus Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Demand ◽  
High Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Hybrid Processes ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Lower Heat

Modern industry requires different advanced metallic alloys with specific properties since conventional steels cannot cover all requirements. Aluminium alloys are becoming more popular, due to their low weight, high corrosion resistance, and relatively high strength. They possess respectable electrical conductivity, and their application extends to the energy sector. There is a high demand in joining aluminium alloys with other metals, such as steels, copper, and titanium. The joining of two or more metals is challenging, due to formation of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer with excessive brittleness. High differences in the thermophysical properties cause distortions, cracking, improper dilution, and numerous weld imperfections, having an adverse effect on strength. Laser beam as a high concentration energy source is an alternative welding method for highly conductive metals, with significant improvement in productivity, compared to conventional joining processes. It may provide lower heat input and reduce the thickness of the IMC layer. The laser beam can be combined with arc-forming hybrid processes for wider control over thermal cycle. Apart from the IMC layer thickness, there are many other factors that have a strong effect on the weld integrity; their optimisation and innovation is a key to successfully delivering high-quality joints.

Development of Innovative and Efficient Welding Technologies for Plates and Profiles Made of High Strength Steels Using the Example of the Production of Mobile Cranes

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2296-2301
Author(s):  
Arite Scharff
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hybrid Welding ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Welding Procedure

An investigation concerning laser beam – GMA – hybrid welding of high strength steels has been completed for a crane plant. Materials, welding procedure qualification tests and the course of action during welding a demonstrator were studied [1].

The Nature of Delta Phase Precipitation in Inconel 718

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
L. S. Lin ◽  
C. C. Law
Keyword(s):  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Delta Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nickel Base

Inconel 718, a precipitation hardenable nickel-base alloy, is a versatile high strength, weldable wrought alloy that is used in the gas turbine industry for components operated at temperatures up to about 1300°F. The nominal chemical composition is 0.6A1-0.9Ti-19.OCr-18.0Fe-3Mo-5.2(Cb + Ta)- 0.1C with the balance Ni (in weight percentage). The physical metallurgy of IN 718 has been the subject of a number of investigations and it is now established that hardening is due, primarily, to the formation of metastable, disc-shaped γ" an ordered body-centered tetragonal structure (DO2 2 type superlattice).

scholarly journals Development of laser welding of high strength aluminium alloy 2024-T4 with controlled thermal cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Mete Demirorer ◽  
Wojciech Suder ◽  
Supriyo Ganguly ◽  
Simon Hogg ◽  
Hassam Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Aa 2024 ◽  
Welding Processes

An innovative process design, to avoid thermal degradation during autogenous fusion welding of high strength AA 2024-T4 alloy, based on laser beam welding, is being developed. A series of instrumented laser welds in 2 mm thick AA 2024-T4 alloys were made with different processing conditions resulting in different thermal profiles and cooling rates. The welds were examined under SEM, TEM and LOM, and subjected to micro-hardness examination. This allowed us to understand the influence of cooling rate, peak temperature, and thermal cycle on the growth of precipitates, and related degradation in the weld and heat affected area, evident as softening. Although laser beam welding allows significant reduction of heat input, and higher cooling rates, as compared to other high heat input welding processes, this was found insufficient to completely supress coarsening of precipitate in HAZ. To understand the required range of thermal cycles, additional dilatometry tests were carried out using the same base material to understand the time-temperature relationship of precipitate formation. The results were used to design a novel laser welding process with enhanced cooling, such as with copper backing bar and cryogenic cooling.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of laser-arc hybrid welding of high strength steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 1676 ◽  
pp. 012162
Author(s):  
ZHANG Fulong ◽  
ZHANG Hong ◽  
LIU Shuangyu ◽  
LIU Fengde
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hybrid Welding
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