scholarly journals Influence of Monovalent Cations on the Efficiency of Ferrous Ion Oxidation, Total Iron Precipitation, and Adsorptive Removal of Cr(VI) and As(III) in Simulated Acid Mine Drainage with Inoculation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwei Song ◽  
Heru Wang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yanxiao Cao

Acid mine drainage is highly acidic and contains large quantities of Fe and heavy metal elements. Thus, it is important to promote the transformation of Fe into secondary iron minerals that exhibit strong heavy-metal removal abilities. Using simulated acid mine drainage, this work analyzes the influence of monovalent cations (K+, NH4+, and Na+) on the Fe2+ oxidation and total Fe deposition efficiencies, as well as the phases of secondary iron minerals in an Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans system. It also compares the Cr(VI) (K2Cr2O7) and As(III) (As2O3) removal efficiencies of different schwertmannites. The results indicated that high concentrations of monovalent cations (NH4+ ≥ 320 mmol/L, and Na+ ≥ 1600 mmol/L) inhibited the biological oxidation of Fe2+. Moreover, the mineralizing abilities of the three cations differed (K+ > NH4+ > Na+), with cumulative Fe deposition efficiencies of 58.7%, 28.1%, and 18.6%, respectively [n(M) = 53.3 mmol/L, cultivation time = 96 h]. Additionally, at initial Cr(VI) and As(III) concentrations of 10 and 1 mg/L, respectively, the Cr(VI) and As(III) removal efficiencies exhibited by schwertmannites acquired by the three mineralization systems differed [n(Na) = 53.3 > n(NH4) = 53.3 > n(K) = 0.8 mmol/L]. Overall, the analytical results suggested that the removal efficiency of toxic elements was mainly influenced by the apparent structure, particle size, and specific surface area of schwertmannite.

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 86-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alcolea ◽  
M. Vázquez ◽  
A. Caparrós ◽  
I. Ibarra ◽  
C. García ◽  
...  

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Pat-Espadas ◽  
Rene Loredo Portales ◽  
Leonel Amabilis-Sosa ◽  
Gloria Gómez ◽  
Gladys Vidal

The mining industry is the major producer of acid mine drainage (AMD). The problem of AMD concerns at active and abandoned mine sites. Acid mine drainage needs to be treated since it can contaminate surface water. Constructed wetlands (CW), a passive treatment technology, combines naturally-occurring biogeochemical, geochemical, and physical processes. This technology can be used for the long-term remediation of AMD. The challenge is to overcome some factors, for instance, chemical characteristics of AMD such a high acidity and toxic metals concentrations, to achieve efficient CW systems. Design criteria, conformational arrangements, and careful selection of each component must be considered to achieve the treatment. The main objective of this review is to summarize the current advances, applications, and the prevalent difficulties and opportunities to apply the CW technology for AMD treatment. According to the cited literature, sub-surface CW (SS-CW) systems are suggested for an efficient AMD treatment. The synergistic interactions between CW components determine heavy metal removal from water solution. The microorganism-plant interaction is considered the most important since it implies symbiosis mechanisms for heavy metal removal and tolerance. In addition, formation of litter and biofilm layers contributes to heavy metal removal by adsorption mechanisms. The addition of organic amendments to the substrate material and AMD bacterial consortium inoculation are some of the strategies to improve heavy metal removal. Adequate experimental design from laboratory to full scale systems need to be used to optimize equilibria between CW components selection and construction and operational costs. The principal limitations for CW treating AMD is the toxicity effect that heavy metals produce on CW plants and microorganisms. However, these aspects can be solved partially by choosing carefully constructed wetlands components suitable for the AMD characteristics. From the economic point of view, a variety of factors affects the cost of constructed wetlands, such as: detention time, treatment goals, media type, pretreatment type, number of cells, source, and availability of gravel media, and land requirements, among others.


Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Casey Oliver A. Turingan ◽  
Giulio B. Singson ◽  
Bernadette T. Melchor ◽  
Richard D. Alorro ◽  
Arnel B. Beltran ◽  
...  

Acid mine drainage (AMD) generated from the mining industry elevates environmental concerns due to the pollution and contamination it causes to bodies of water. Over the years, passive treatment of AMD using alkalinity-generating materials have been widely studied with pH neutralization as its commonly observed mechanism. During the treatment process, heavy metal removal is also promoted by precipitation due to pH change or through adsorption facilitated by the mineral component of the materials. In this study, four materials were used and investigated: (1) a low grade ore (LGO) made up of goethite, calcium oxide, and manganese aluminum oxide (2–3) limestone and concrete aggregates (CA) composed of calcite, and (4) fly ash consisting of quartz, hematite, and magnetite. The performance of each alkalinity-generating agent at varying AMD/media ratios was based on the change in pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), oxidation reduction potential (EH); and heavy metals (Fe, Ni, and Al) removal and sulfate concentration reduction. Concrete aggregate displayed the most significant effect in treating AMD after raising the pH to 12.42 and removing 99% Fe, 99% Ni, 96% Al, and 57% sulfates. Afterwards, the efficiency of CA at various particle sizes were evaluated over 1 h. The smallest range at 2.00–3.35mm was observed to be most effective after 60 min, raising the pH to 6.78 and reducing 94% Fe, 78% Ni, and 92% Al, but only 28% sulfates. Larger particles of CA were able to remove higher amounts of sulfate up to 57%, similar to the jar test. Overall, CA is an effective treatment media for neutralization; however, its performance can be complemented by a second media for heavy metal and sulfate removal.


2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
M S M Sihotang ◽  
A Rinanti ◽  
M F Fachrul

Abstract Mining Industry can improve the national economic situation; however, it also can damage the environment, mainly because of its wastewater that contains heavy metal and acidic solid compounds. When exposed to free air, sulfide minerals can be naturally oxidized and create acid mine drainage (AMD), a highly acidic waste that can mobilize heavy metals towards the environment. This literature study will discuss practical and sustainable biological processing to remove AAT. Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) were isolated from AMD polluted soil and grown inside an AMD-containing batch reactor. The environmental conditions (temperature, AMD concentration, SRB concentration, and contact time) were controlled during this research. The implementation of pH sampling was conducted every day, and the heavy metal final result was measured with an Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Spectrophotometry or ICP-OES. SRB produced Hbiogenic2S that reacts with heavy metal and creates metal sulfide sediment. The remediation process by SRB will create biogenic alkalinity as an SRB side product that plays a significant role in neutralizing acidic water. Remediation is also influenced by organic compounds such as animal waste, rice, hay, or coconut husks. In this research, SRB plays a significant role as biosorbent that utilizes organic compounds as electron sources. The iron removal efficiency in AMD reached 96% and occurred on a contact time of 144 hours. To reach similar efficiency removal on a pilot scale, we planned AMD bioremediation on a tube-shaped reactor with 7.3m3 with 3.5 m height and 0.88 of each reactor radiuses. This bioremediation study has provided an alternative solution for environmental management quality due to AAT pollution in water and groundwater around mining areas.


2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Olegario-Sanchez ◽  
Christian Mark Pelicano

In this study, the adsorption efficiency of Philippine natural zeolite for treating acid mine drainage is investigated. The metal ions considered were Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ ions. The natural zeolite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD result revealed that the natural zeolite is mainly composed of heulandite (Ca,Na)2-3Al3(Al,Si)2Si13O36 • 12H2O. Plate-like structures having rough surface and micro-pores were observed. The natural zeolite exhibited adsorption efficiencies of 99.03%, 35.88% and 35.36% for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions, respectively, which are higher than those of alumina adsorbent for the same ions. Based on these results, the Philippine natural zeolite has a great potential for removing cationic heavy metal species from acid mine drainage (AMD).


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