scholarly journals In-Pixel Temperature Sensors with an Accuracy of ±0.25 °C, a 3σ Variation of ±0.7 °C in the Spatial Domain and a 3σ Variation of ±1 °C in the Temporal Domain

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Accel Abarca ◽  
Albert Theuwissen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Spatial Domain ◽  
Dynamic Element Matching ◽  
Bipolar Junction Transistor ◽  
Correlated Double Sampling ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Junction Transistor ◽  
Improved Accuracy

This article presents in-pixel (of a CMOS image sensor (CIS)) temperature sensors with improved accuracy in the spatial and the temporal domain. The goal of the temperature sensors is to be used to compensate for dark (current) fixed pattern noise (FPN) during the exposure of the CIS. The temperature sensors are based on substrate parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and on the nMOS source follower of the pixel. The accuracy of these temperature sensors has been improved in the analog domain by using dynamic element matching (DEM), a temperature independent bias current based on a bandgap reference (BGR) with a temperature independent resistor, correlated double sampling (CDS), and a full BGR bias of the gain amplifier. The accuracy of the bipolar based temperature sensor has been improved to a level of ±0.25 °C, a 3σ variation of ±0.7 °C in the spatial domain, and a 3σ variation of ±1 °C in the temporal domain. In the case of the nMOS based temperature sensor, an accuracy of ±0.45 °C, 3σ variation of ±0.95 °C in the spatial domain, and ±1.4 °C in the temporal domain have been acquired. The temperature range is between −40 °C and 100 °C.

Process compensated bipolar junction transistor‐based CMOS temperature sensor with a ±1.5°C (3σ) batch‐to‐batch inaccuracy

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (22) ◽  
pp. 1270-1272
Author(s):  
Dapeng Sun ◽  
Tan‐Tan Zhang ◽  
Man‐Kay Law ◽  
Pui‐In Mak ◽  
Rui Paulo Martins
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Bipolar Junction Transistor ◽  
Junction Transistor

Aspect and space

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Champollion
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Domain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
The Way

This chapter models the relation between temporal aspect (run for an hour vs. *run all the way to the store for an hour) and spatial aspect (meander for a mile vs. *end for a mile) previously discussed by Gawron (2009). The chapter shows that for-adverbials impose analogous conditions on the spatial domain and on the temporal domain, and that an event may satisfy stratified reference with respect to one of the domains without satisfying it with respect to the other one as well. This provides the means to extend the telic-atelic opposition to the spatial domain. The chapter argues in some detail that stratified reference is in this respect empirically superior to an alternative view of telicity based on divisive reference (Krifka 1998).

scholarly journals 1/f Noise Modelling and Characterization for CMOS Quanta Image Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Wei Deng ◽  
Eric R. Fossum
Keyword(s):  
Analog Circuits ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Image Sensors ◽  
Correlated Double Sampling ◽  
Cmos Image Sensors ◽  
Source Follower ◽  
Cmos Analog Circuits ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Noise Models ◽  
Fitting Model

This work fits the measured in-pixel source-follower noise in a CMOS Quanta Image Sensor (QIS) prototype chip using physics-based 1/f noise models, rather than the widely-used fitting model for analog designers. This paper discusses the different origins of 1/f noise in QIS devices and includes correlated double sampling (CDS). The modelling results based on the Hooge mobility fluctuation, which uses one adjustable parameter, match the experimental measurements, including the variation in noise from room temperature to –70 °C. This work provides useful information for the implementation of QIS in scientific applications and suggests that even lower read noise is attainable by further cooling and may be applicable to other CMOS analog circuits and CMOS image sensors.

scholarly journals Self-Consistent Solution of the Multi Band Boltzmann, Poisson and Hole-Continuity Equations

VLSI Design ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Surinder P. Singh ◽  
Neil Goldsman ◽  
Isaak D. Mayergoyz
Keyword(s):  
Boltzmann Transport Equation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Boltzmann Transport ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Bipolar Junction Transistor ◽  
Continuity Equations ◽  
The Poisson Equation ◽  
Curvilinear Grid ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
Junction Transistor

The Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) for multiple bands is solved by the spherical harmonic approach. The distribution function is obtained for energies greater than 3 eV. The BTE is solved self consistently with the Poisson equation for a one dimensional npn bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The novel features are: the use of boundary fitted curvilinear grid, and Scharfetter Gummel type discretization of the BTE.

Nano World: A Novel Path for Modern Drug Discovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishka Ranjan ◽  
A.H. Manjunatha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Circuit Element ◽  
Bipolar Junction Transistor ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Pegylated Nanoparticles ◽  
Traditional Drug ◽  
Junction Transistor ◽  
Self Differentiation

The last two decades have witnessed a plethora of novel biomaterials that work significantly in the discovery of drugs and the point check of drugs, Biosensors. PLGA (Poly-(L-Lactide-co-glycolic Acid)), has already been shown to be a substrate for manufacture of substrates for OFETs, that in the future would be the forefront of electroceuticals. But, Polylactic Acid (PLA) derived and pegylated nanoparticles generated scaffolds, promote neural self-differentiation, nanowires derived from Polythiophene (PTs) can be utilised in the area of biosensors. Similarly, PT derived PEDOT:PSS(poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate) polymer doped with appropriate cations is useful to manipulate directly the biological response of cells on the same grounds, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on PEDOTPSS coupled with bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) were shown to act as ion-to-electron converters. A solid-state ion bipolar junction transistor (IBJT) has been developed to serve as a circuit element for neurotransmitter signal delivery. Consequently, the traditional drug discovery methods have far gone by. This era demands a much more modified and multiple disciplined methods for modern drug discovery. This review gives an insight and instance of this paradigm.

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