Optimism and pessimism in optimised replay

The replay of task-relevant trajectories is known to contribute to memory consolidation and improved task performance. A wide variety of experimental data show that the content of replayed sequences is highly specific and can be modulated by reward as well as other prominent task variables. However, the rules governing the choice of sequences to be replayed still remain poorly understood. One recent theoretical suggestion is that the prioritization of replay experiences in decision-making problems is based on their effect on the choice of action. We show that this implies that subjects should replay sub-optimal actions that they dysfunctionally choose rather than optimal ones, when, by being forgetful, they experience large amounts of uncertainty in their internal models of the world. We use this to account for recent experimental data demonstrating exactly pessimal replay, fitting model parameters to the individual subjects’ choices.

Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy to determine formaldehyde to phenol ratio of phenol formaldehyde resole

A model has been proposed to determine the formaldehyde (F) to phenol (P) ratio [F/P] of resole with the help of Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. The study is based on the comparison of IR absorbance of the dominant peaks corresponding to the formaldehyde and phenol contents in the resin. This study can be of much use in adhesive coating industries to employ the F/P ratio as a quality tool as well as for competition resin benchmarking. It can also be utilized for understanding the kinetics of the reactions between phenol and formaldehyde. Detailed qualitative analyses of various resoles with different formulations have been discussed in this paper, which can be of potential help for the standard analysis of the commercial resins. The validation of results confirms that the most fitting model offers an error less than 7%. Interestingly, this model can also be applied with blends of different Phenol formaldehyde resoles.

Research on Isolated Cloud Point Fast-Filtering Algorithm for Digital Twin

With the establishment of the digital twin stereoscopic warehouse concept, the importance of twin data has become increasingly prominent for digital twin system. Aiming at the problem of low accuracy in obtaining twin data from warehouse stocks, an isolated point cloud filtering algorithm combine with digital signal processing is proposed. The algorithm can retrieve the coordinate value of isolated point in original twin point cloud by constructing a twin point cloud fitting model, thereby filter out the point information of isolated region and obtain the warehousing twin data. The experiment results show that the algorithm can filter all isolated points while keeping the characteristics of original twin point cloud. The method provides accurate twin data support for digital twin stereoscopic warehouse.

A Bifactor Model of Trait Trust, Distrust, and Suspicion

We explored competing models using bifactor item response theory (IRT) analyses to determine the relationship between trait measures of trust, distrust, and suspicion. The model with a general factor for all three scales fits the data best. We explored the relationship of the emergent general factor by correlating it with two latent traits: Agreeableness and the Trust facet of Agreeableness. The exploratory findings showed evidence that the general factor from the best-fitting model was practically identical to the Trust facet of Agreeableness. We concluded that trait trust, distrust, and suspicion reside on a continuum represented by the general factor, which is dispositional trust.

The Maximum Flywheel Load: A Novel Index to Monitor Loading Intensity of Flywheel Devices

Background: The main aim of this study was (1) to find an index to monitor the loading intensity of flywheel resistance training, and (2) to study the differences in the relative intensity workload spectrum between the FW-load and ISO-load. Methods: twenty-one males participated in the study. Subjects executed an incremental loading test in the squat exercise using a Smith machine (ISO-load) or a flywheel device (FW-load). We studied different association models between speed, power, acceleration, and force, and each moment of inertia was used to find an index for FW-load. In addition, we tested the differences between relative workloads among load conditions using a two-way repeated-measures test. Results: the highest r2 was observed using a logarithmic fitting model between the mean angular acceleration and moment of inertia. The intersection with the x-axis resulted in an index (maximum flywheel load, MFL) that represents a theoretical individual maximal load that can be used. The ISO-load showed greater speed, acceleration, and power outcomes at any relative workload (%MFL vs. % maximum repetition). However, from 45% of the relative workload, FW-load showed higher vertical forces. Conclusions: MFL can be easily computed using a logarithmic model between the mean angular acceleration and moment of inertia to characterize the maximum theoretical loading intensity in the flywheel squat.

The First Retrieval of a Substellar Subdwarf: A Cloud-free SDSS J125637.13–022452.4

We present the first retrieval analysis of a substellar subdwarf, SDSS J125637.13−022452.4 (SDSS J1256−0224), using the Brewster retrieval code base. We find SDSS J1256−0224 is best fit by a cloud-free model with an ion (neutral H, H−, and electron) abundance corresponding to Fe / H ion = − 1.5 . However, this model is indistinguishable from a cloud-free model with Fe / H ion = − 2.0 and a cloud-free model with Fe / H ion = − 1.5 assuming a subsolar carbon-to-oxygen ratio. We are able to constrain abundances for H2O, FeH, and CrH, with an inability to constrain any carbon-bearing species likely due to the low metallicity of SDSS J1256−0224. We also present an updated spectral energy distribution (SED) and semiempirical fundamental parameters. Our retrieval- and SED-based fundamental parameters agree with the Baraffe low-metallicity evolutionary models. From examining our “rejected” models (those with ΔBIC > 45), we find that we are able to retrieve gas abundances consistent with those of our best fitting model. We find the cloud in these poorer fitting “cloudy” models is either pushed to the bottom of the atmosphere or made optically thin.

Detectability of exomoons by examining the signals from a model of transiting exoplanets with moons

Exomoons are natural satellites of exoplanets. Nowadays, none has been confirmed. However, a number of detection techniques have been proposed, including Transit Timing Variations (TTV) and Transit Duration Variations (TDV) techniques. From a recent study, fitting observed transit with the traditional photocentric fitting model shows unique features around the primary and secondary exomoon transits in TDV and transit depth signals, which might reduce the detectability. The aim of this work is to retrieve the variation of TTV, TDV and transit depth signals of exomoon systems with the photocentric fitting model. One year star-planet-moon transit light curves are simulated with LUNA algorithm and fit with TransitFit. The results show that neglecting the TDV and transit depth data with phase around exomoon’s primary and secondary transits improve the exomoon detectability by a factor of ten and the systems with large moon orbital semi-major axis with nearly edge-on orbit around low mass stars can be detected.

Reliability and validity of the sense of humor scale

This study examined the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the sense of humor scale (SHS; McGhee, Paul E. 1999. Health, healing and the amuse system: Humor as survival training, 3rd edn. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt), a 24-item questionnaire developed to measure overall sense of humor. Participants included 99 adults, 105 undergraduates, and 111 comedians. One-week test-retest reliability was good (r = 0.75). Internal consistency of the overall scale was excellent, and acceptable-to-excellent for the six subscales. Item-total correlations were generally strong. Comedians scored higher than undergraduates and adults, supporting the construct validity of the SHS. Convergent validity was strong as the SHS was positively correlated with the Humor Styles Questionnaire total and its subscales. Our analyses of SHS’s associations with the Big Five personality dimensions led to findings that are consistent with prior research, as the SHS was positively correlated with extraversion and openness to experience, but uncorrelated with neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Factor analyses found a bifactor model to be the best fitting model for the SHS. Ancillary bifactor fit indices provided additional support for the notion that the SHS may not be best described as unidimensional. Thus, it can be argued that the subscales are relevant for both research and applied work as they offer unique contributions.

Asteroseismological Analysis of the DAV HS 0507+0434B: The Influence of Chemical Profile on the Pulsation Periods

Asteroseismology is a powerful tool to infer the details of the inner chemical structure of white dwarfs. Using the nine observed frequencies of HS 0507+0434B, we explore the influence of the inner chemical profile on the pulsation periods. Based on the evolutionary C/O profile, we modify slightly the C/O core profile and make an asteroseismic analysis for HS 0507+0434B. We find that the trapped mode with the period of 445.3 s is mainly affected by the hydrogen and helium mass fraction. The inner C/O core profile has an influence on all modes extending into the inner core. When we use the iteration method with the optimal C/O core profile, the fit between the theoretical periods and observed ones is significantly improved. For the best-fitting model with the optimal parametric C/O core, there is a smaller C/O ratio and a smaller overshooting zone in the stellar interior. The fundamental parameters of the model with the optimal C/O core are M */M ⊙ ∼ 0.710 ± 0.005, T eff ∼ 12570 ± 106K, log M H / M * ∼ − 8.01 ± 0.08 , and log M He / M * ∼ − 2.51 ± 0.08 .

Synthesis, characterization and effect of dopant on magnetic hyperthermic efficacy of Gd2O3 nanoparticles

Rare-earth oxides are paramagnetic materials and their high magnetic susceptibility in the bulk makes them potentially promising materials, but the magnetic properties of their nanoparticles remain incompletely characterized. We explore the effect of dopant (Tb3+ and Eu3+) in Gd2O3 host lattice as a heating agent for magnetic hyperthermia application. The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the pristine, Gd2O3:Tb3+ and Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanocrystals were studied by XRD, HR-TEM, FTIR, and VSM. XRD analysis revealed the presence of mixed phase (cubic and monoclinic) in pristine, and doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles. The morphological information has been observed with the help of HRTEM and the calculated inter-planar spacing is in well agreement with JCPDS data. Particles are nearly spherical and diameter ~15nm, estimated from HRTEM image. FTIR spectroscopic analysis confirms the presence of Gd-O-Gd stretching at 583cm-1 . We confirmed the paramagnetic nature for all samples using VSM analysis. The self-heating capability of prepared samples are investigated by performing the induction heating experiment and it is assessed through calculated SAR and ILP values with help of Box-Lucas fitting model where 10% Tb3+ doped Gd2O3 has maximum values.