scholarly journals Correction: Krauss, J., et al. Epichloë Endophyte Infection Rates and Alkaloid Content in Commercially Available Grass Seed Mixtures in Europe. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 498

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Jochen Krauss ◽  
Veronika Vikuk ◽  
Carolyn A. Young ◽  
Markus Krischke ◽  
Martin J. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte ◽  
Seed Mixtures

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]

scholarly journals Epichloë Endophyte Infection Rates and Alkaloid Content in Commercially Available Grass Seed Mixtures in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Jochen Krauss ◽  
Veronika Vikuk ◽  
Carolyn A. Young ◽  
Markus Krischke ◽  
Martin J. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Toxic Alkaloids ◽  
Cool Season Grass ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte ◽  
Seed Mixtures

Fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë live symbiotically in cool season grass species and can produce alkaloids toxic to insects and vertebrates, yet reports of intoxication of grazing animals have been rare in Europe in contrast to overseas. However, due to the beneficial resistance traits observed in Epichloë infected grasses, the inclusion of Epichloë in seed mixtures might become increasingly advantageous. Despite the toxicity of fungal alkaloids, European seed mixtures are rarely tested for Epichloë infection and their infection status is unknown for consumers. In this study, we tested 24 commercially available seed mixtures for their infection rates with Epichloë endophytes and measured the concentrations of the alkaloids ergovaline, lolitrem B, paxilline, and peramine. We detected Epichloë infections in six seed mixtures, and four contained vertebrate and insect toxic alkaloids typical for Epichloë festucae var. lolii infecting Lolium perenne. As Epichloë infected seed mixtures can harm livestock, when infected grasses become dominant in the seeded grasslands, we recommend seed producers to test and communicate Epichloë infection status or avoiding Epichloë infected seed mixtures.

ABC transporter and metallothionein expression affected by NI and Epichloe endophyte infection in tall fescue

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Mirzahossini ◽  
Leila Shabani ◽  
Mohammad R. Sabzalian ◽  
Majid Sharifi-Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

scholarly journals Evaluation of different revegetation measures on mudflow deposits in the Nature Park Sölktäler (Styria, Austria)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Andreas Bohner ◽  
Silvia Winter ◽  
Franz Starlinger
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Seed Addition ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Seed Mixtures

Summary In mountain regions, the likelihood of mudflows might increase due to climate change. Although mudflows are common worldwide and devastate agricultural land, virtually nothing is known about the revegetation of mudflow deposits for agricultural purposes. To provide recommendations for rapid revegetation of mountain pastures, 52 permanent plots (4 m × 4 m) on 20 revegetated mudflow deposits in the Nature Park Sölktäler were established. We evaluated different revegetation measures (seed addition alone or combined with application of straw, lime or cattle manure) two years after sowing using commercial clover-grass seed mixtures. Furthermore, 27 permanent plots on 15 unsown mudflow deposits were surveyed. Sowing seeds can considerably accelerate revegetation on siliceous mudflow deposits. Festuca rubra, Agrostis capillaris, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens and Lotus corniculatus are particularly suitable for rapid grassland reestablishment, whereas Poa pratensis is not recommendable. A pure straw application should be avoided because it delays the revegetation success. Lime addition is not recommended because it can lead to an undesirable legume dominance if clover-grass seed mixtures are used for revegetation. The most effective measure for large-scale revegetation seems to be seed addition without additives. To facilitate revegetation on coarse-grained deposits, large rocks should be crushed using a stone mill.

Endophytes improve ryegrass persistence by controlling insects

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
A.J. Popay ◽  
D.E. Hume
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Climatic Stress ◽  
Endophyte Infection

Fungal endophytes reduce populations and damage by several different insect pests which alone or in combination with each other can reduce ryegrass persistence. AR1, AR37, the Standard endophytes and two endophytes in tetraploid ryegrasses, NEA2 in cv. Bealey and Endo5 in cvs. Quartet II and Banquet II, are available to the New Zealand farmer. Their effects on insects depend on the spectrum and concentration of alkaloids they produce. Argentine stem weevil is controlled by all endophytes except perhaps Bealey NEA2; black beetle is controlled by all endophytes except AR1; pasture mealybug are controlled by AR1, AR37 and Standard and likely to also be controlled by Endo5 and NEA2; porina and root aphid are controlled by AR37. Increased persistence of ryegrass infected with endophyte is reflected in increases in endophyte infection rates in pasture, higher yields and tiller densities and reduced weed invasion, particularly where climatic stress is also present. AR37, with the protection it provides against a range of insect pests, is the most effective endophyte for improving persistence. Keywords: alkaloids, Argentine stem weevil, black beetle, insect damage, Neotyphodium

Nitrogen‐form and endophyte‐Infection effects on growth, nitrogen uptake, and alkaloid content of chewings fescue turf grass

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Richardson ◽  
Raul I. Cabrera ◽  
James A. Murphy ◽  
David E. Zaurov
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Turf Grass ◽  
Endophyte Infection
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