scholarly journals Reversal of Polymicrobial Biofilm Tolerance to Ciprofloxacin by Blue Light plus Carvacrol

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074
Author(s):  
Yongli Li ◽  
Mei X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Multispecies Biofilm ◽  
Chronic Wound Infections ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms ◽  
Dual Treatment

Chronic wound infections are often caused by multi-species biofilms and these biofilm-embedded bacteria exhibit remarkable tolerance to existing antibiotics, which presents huge challenges to control such infections in the wounds. In this investigation, we established a polymicrobial biofilm composed of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii. We tested a cocktail therapy comprising 405-nm blue light (BL), carvacrol (Ca), and antibiotics on the multispecies biofilm. Despite the fact that all strains used to form the biofilm were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (CIP) in planktonic cultures, the biofilm was found to withstand ciprofloxacin as well as BL-Ca dual treatment, mainly because K. pneumoniae outgrew and became dominant in the biofilm after each treatment. Strikingly, when ciprofloxacin was combined with BL-Ca, the multispecies biofilms succumbed substantially and were eradicated at an efficacy of 99.9%. Mechanistically, BL-Ca treatment increased membrane permeability and potentiated the anti-biofilm activity of ciprofloxacin, probably by facilitating ciprofloxacin’s entrance of the bacteria, which is particularly significant for K. pneumoniae, a species that is refractory to either ciprofloxacin or BL-Ca dual treatment. The results suggest that bacterial membrane damage can be one of the pivotal strategies to subvert biofilm tolerance and combat the recalcitrant multispecies biofilms.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation Reducing Properties of Manuka Honey and Propolis in Proteus mirabilis Rods Isolated from Chronic Wounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg ◽  
Jana Przekwas ◽  
Michał Majkut ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Manuka Honey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Wound Infections

Chronic wound infections are difficult to manage because of the biofilm formation in the wound environment. New measures for eliminating infections are necessary to increase the chance of wound healing. Apitherapy may be the new solution. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of wound infection factors and to examine the impact of Manuka honey and ethanol extract of propolis on biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis isolated from chronic wound infections. According to the findings, the most frequent factors of infection are Staphylococcus aureus (46.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.0%), and Proteus mirabilis (10.6%). Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration values were assigned using the microbroth dilution test according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Biofilm of Proteus mirabilis isolates was formed in 96-well polystyrene plates and treated with Manuka honey (concentrations from 1.88% to 30.0%) and ethanol extract of propolis (1.0% to 40.0%). After 24 h, the biofilm viability was expressed by formazan absorbance (λ = 470 nm). Manuka honey reduced the biofilm viability in all, and ethanol extract of propolis in most, of the concentrations tested. Ethanol extract of propolis at the concentrations of 20.0% and 40.0%, reduced biofilm viability stronger than ethanol itself. With these results comes the conclusion that these substances can reduce biofilm formation.

Treating Chronic Wound Infections with Genetically Modified Free Flaps

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Ghali ◽  
Kirit A. Bhatt ◽  
Marlese P. Dempsey ◽  
Deidre M. Jones ◽  
Sunil Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Chronic Wound Infections

Chronic wound infections: the role ofPseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Serra ◽  
Raffaele Grande ◽  
Lucia Butrico ◽  
Alessio Rossi ◽  
Ugo Francesco Settimio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Chronic Wound Infections

scholarly journals Hypertonic glucose inhibits growth and attenuates virulence factors of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Ye Xu ◽  
Wenya Xu ◽  
Wenli Liao ◽  
Chunquan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Hypertonic Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Chronic Wound Infections

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common Gram-negative pathogen responsible for chronic wound infections, such as diabetic foot infections, and further exacerbates the treatment options and cost of such conditions. Hypertonic glucose, a commonly used prolotherapy solution, can accelerate the proliferation of granulation tissue and improve microcirculation in wounds. However, the action of hypertonic glucose on bacterial pathogens that infect wounds is unclear. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of hypertonic glucose on multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from diabetic foot infections. Hypertonic glucose represents a novel approach to control chronic wound infections caused by P. aeruginosa. Results: Four multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers from a tertiary hospital in China and the reference P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain were studied. Hypertonic glucose significantly inhibited the growth, biofilm formation, and swimming motility of P. aeruginosa clinical strains and PAO1. Furthermore, hypertonic glucose significantly reduced the production of pyocyanin and elastase virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. The expression of major quorum sensing genes (lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR) in P. aeruginosa were all downregulated in response to hypertonic glucose treatment. In a Galleria mellonella larvae infection model, the administration of hypertonic glucose was shown to increase the survival rates of larvae infected by P. aeruginosa strains (3/5).Conclusions: Hypertonic glucose inhibited the growth, biofilm formation, and swimming motility of P. aeruginosa, as well as reduced the production of virulence factors and quorum sensing gene expression. Further studies that investigate hypertonic glucose therapy should be considered in treating chronic wound infections.

scholarly journals Combinatorial Antimicrobial Efficacy and Mechanism of Linalool Against Clinically Relevant Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-Kai Yang ◽  
Khatijah Yusoff ◽  
Mokrish Ajat ◽  
Chien-Yeong Wee ◽  
Polly-Soo-Xi Yap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopies

Antibiotic–adjuvant combinatory therapy serves as a viable treatment option in addressing antibiotic resistance in the clinical setting. This study was carried out to assess and characterize the adjuvant potential and mode of action of linalool against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-KP). Linalool exhibited bactericidal activity alone (11,250 μg/ml) and in combination with meropenem (5,625 μg/ml). Comparative proteomic analysis showed significant reduction in the number of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, indicating membrane damage in linalool-treated KPC-KP cells. Upregulation of oxidative stress regulator proteins and downregulation of oxidative stress-sensitive proteins indicated oxidative stress. Zeta potential measurement and outer membrane permeability assay revealed that linalool increases the bacterial surface charge as well as the membrane permeability. Intracellular leakage of nucleic acid and proteins was detected upon linalool treatment. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies further revealed the breakage of bacterial membrane and loss of intracellular materials. Linalool induced oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which initiates lipid peroxidation, leading to damage of the bacterial membrane. This leads to intracellular leakage, eventually killing the KPC-KP cells. Our study demonstrated that linalool possesses great potential in future clinical applications as an adjuvant along with existing antibiotics attributed to their ability in disrupting the bacterial membrane by inducing oxidative stress. This facilitates the uptake of antibiotics into the bacterial cells, enhancing bacterial killing.

scholarly journals Trichophytonas a Rare Cause of Postoperative Wound Infection Resistant to Standard Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sheema Gaffar ◽  
John K. Birknes ◽  
Kenji M. Cunnion
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Surgical Wound Infection ◽  
Postoperative Wound Infection ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽  
Chronic Wound Infections

Fungal infections are rare causes of acute surgical wound infections, butCandidais not an infrequent etiology in chronic wound infections.Trichophytonspecies is a common cause of tinea capitis but has not been reported as a cause of neurosurgical wound infection. We report a case ofTrichophyton tonsuranscausing a nonhealing surgical wound infection in a 14-year-old male after hemicraniectomy. His wound infection was notable for production of purulent exudate from the wound and lack of clinical improvement despite empiric treatment with multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting typical bacterial causes of wound infection. Multiple wound cultures consistently grewTrichophytonfungus, and his wound infection clinically improved rapidly after starting terbinafine and discontinuing antibiotics.

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