scholarly journals Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host Rock

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Xian Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Sun ◽  
Zhongwei Wu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Indian Ridge

Detailed mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of typical surface sediments and hydrothermal deposits collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) were studied by high-resolution XRD, SEM-EDS, XRF, and ICP-MS. The SWIR marine samples can be generally classified into two main categories: surface sediment (biogenic, volcanic) and hydrothermal-derived deposit; moreover, the surface sediment can be further classified into metalliferous and non-metalliferous based on the metalliferous sediment index (MSI). The chemical composition of biogenic sediment (mainly biogenic calcite) was characterized by elevated contents of Ca, Ba, Rb, Sr, Th, and light rare earth elements (LREE), while volcanic sediment (mainly volcanogenic debris) was relatively enriched in Mn, Mg, Al, Si, Ni, Cr, and high field strength elements (HFSEs). By contrast, the hydrothermal-derived deposit (mainly pyrite-marcasite, chalcopyrite-isocubanite, and low-temperature cherts) contained significantly higher contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Co, Mo, Ag, and U. In addition, the metalliferous surface sediment contained a higher content of Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Mo, Ba, and As. Compared with their different host (source) rock, the basalt-hosted marine sediments contained higher contents of Ti–Al–Zr–Sc–Hf and/or Mo–Ba–Ag; In contrast, the peridotite-hosted marine sediments were typically characterized by elevated concentrations of Mg–Cu–Ni–Cr and/or Co–Sn–Au. The differences in element enrichment and mineral composition between these sediment types were closely related to their sedimentary environments (e.g., near/far away from the vent sites) and inherited from their host (source) rock. Together with combinations of certain characteristic elements (such as Al–Fe–Mn and Si–Al–Mg), relict hydrothermal products, and diagnostic mineral tracers (e.g., nontronite, SiO2(bio), olivine, serpentine, talc, sepiolite, pyroxene, zeolite, etc.), it would be more effective to differentiate the host rock of deep-sea sediments and to detect a possible hydrothermal input.

High-throughput single-cell cultivation reveals the underexplored rare biosphere in deep-sea sediments along the Southwest Indian Ridge

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beiyu Hu ◽  
Bingxue Xu ◽  
Juanli Yun ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Bingliang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Droplet Microfluidics ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Cell Cultivation ◽  
Plate Technique ◽  
Rare Biosphere ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Indian Ridge

An improved microfluidic streak plate technique relying on droplet microfluidics can advance the exploration of deep-sea rare microbes.

Permeability of Marine Sediments and Tropical Volcanic Soils

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst G. Brandes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Tropical Volcanic Soils

Permeability values for a range of fine-grained deep-sea sediments are presented and evaluated in terms of index properties such as plasticity, grain size and carbonate content. It is found that whereas clay-rich sediments have similar permeabilities to those of equivalent land-based fine-grained soils, the presence of volcanic, carbonate and other non-clay fractions tends to increase permeability somewhat. Volcanic silty-clayey soils from Hawaii have comparable permeability values, although they can be slightly more permeable.

Surface sediment geochemistry and hydrothermal activity indicators in the Dragon Horn area on the Southwest Indian Ridge

2018 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shili Liao ◽  
Chunhui Tao ◽  
Huaiming Li ◽  
Guoyin Zhang ◽  
Jin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Sediment Geochemistry ◽  
Indian Ridge

scholarly journals Self‐Potential Tomography of a Deep‐Sea Polymetallic Sulfide Deposit on Southwest Indian Ridge

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zhu ◽  
C. Tao ◽  
J. Shen ◽  
A. Revil ◽  
X. Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Indian Ridge ◽  
Self Potential

Thermococcus aciditolerans sp. nov., a piezotolerant, hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney in the Southwest Indian Ridge

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Gong Li ◽  
Hong-Zhi Tang ◽  
Wei-Jia Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Qing Qi ◽  
Zhi-Guo Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
The Novel ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Indian Ridge

A hyperthermophilic, strictly anaerobic archaeon, designated strain SY113T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney on the Southwest Indian Ridge at a water depth of 2770 m. Enrichment and isolation of strain SY113T were performed at 85 °C at 0.1 MPa. Cells of strain SY113T were irregular motile cocci with peritrichous flagella and generally 0.8–2.4 µm in diameter. Growth was observed at temperatures between 50 and 90 °C (optimum at 85 °C) and under hydrostatic pressures of 0.1–60 MPa (optimum, 27 MPa). Cells of SY113T grew at pH 4.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 5.5) and a NaCl concentration of 0.5–5.5 % (w/v; optimum concentration, 3.0 % NaCl). Strain SY113T was an anaerobic chemoorganoheterotroph and grew on complex proteinaceous substrates such as yeast extract and tryptone, as well as on maltose and starch. Elemental sulphur stimulated growth, but not obligatory for its growth. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 55.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of strain SY113T showed that the novel isolate belonged to the genus Thermococcus . On the basis of physiological characteristics, average nucleotide identity values and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization results, we propose a novel species, named Thermococcus aciditolerans sp. nov. The type strain is SY113T (=MCCC 1K04190T=JCM 39083T).

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